Preface
My virtual machine was simply created by vagrant in default mode without anything about the extra disk volume configuration.The default size is about 10.5G.In order to use the web browse to configure the MySQL Enterprise Monitor，I have to install the gnome desktop environment first,but I found out it was out of free space like below:
1 ... //Omitted. 2 Error Summary 3 ------------- 4 Disk Requirements: 5 At least 1988MB more space needed on the / filesystem. 6 7 [root@zlm2 04:55:29 ~] 8 #df -h 9 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on 10 /dev/mapper/centos-root 8.3G 7.1G 1.2G 87% / //Only 1.2G free space left. 11 devtmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev 12 tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /dev/shm 13 tmpfs 921M 8.3M 912M 1% /run 14 tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 15 /dev/sda1 497M 164M 334M 33% /boot 16 none 80G 27G 53G 34% /vagrant 17 tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/0
Therefore,I need to enlarge the disk for that.It's a little bit different from that adding a disk then mount it as a directory outside the "/" position.It's the way to increase the space of "/"(the root directroy).
Procedure
- Halt the virtual machine first,and then add a vdi disk from the original disk(vmdk) in windows cmd cli.
1 C:UsersAdministrator>cd F:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox 2 3 C:UsersAdministrator>F: 4 5 F:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox>VBoxManage clonehd "G:VirtualBox VMszlm2centos-vm-disk1.vmdk" "G:VirtualBox VMszlm2centos-vm-disk1.vdi" --format vdi 6 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% 7 Clone medium created in format 'vdi'. UUID: 63be4ac1-48a1-4b52-848f-71933c6c4adc 8 9 F:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox>VBoxManage modifyhd "G:VirtualBox VMszlm2centos-vm-disk1.vdi" --resize 30000(default "M") 10 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% 11 12 F:Program FilesOracleVirtualBox>exit
- Restart the virtual machine and then add a new partition.
1 [root@zlm2 13:56:52 ~] 2 #fdisk -l 3 4 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB, 31457280000 bytes, 61440000 sectors 5 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 6 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 7 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 8 Disk label type: dos 9 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e 10 11 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 12 /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux 13 /dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM 14 15 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8866 MB, 8866758656 bytes, 17317888 sectors 16 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 17 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 18 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 19 20 21 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes, 2048000 sectors 22 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 23 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 24 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 25 26 [root@zlm2 13:59:13 ~] 27 #fdisk /dev/sda 28 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). 29 30 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. 31 Be careful before using the write command. 32 33 34 Command (m for help): p 35 36 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB, 31457280000 bytes, 61440000 sectors 37 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 38 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 39 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 40 Disk label type: dos 41 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e 42 43 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 44 /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux 45 /dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM 46 47 Command (m for help): n 48 Partition type: 49 p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) 50 e extended 51 Select (default p): p 52 Partition number (3,4, default 3): 53 First sector (20480000-61439999, default 20480000): 54 Using default value 20480000 55 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20480000-61439999, default 61439999): 56 Using default value 61439999 57 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 19.5 GiB is set 58 59 Command (m for help): t 60 Partition number (1-3, default 3): 61 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L 62 63 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 64 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 65 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 66 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 67 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 68 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 69 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 70 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 71 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 72 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access 73 a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O 74 b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor 75 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs 76 e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT 77 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 78 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 79 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 80 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 81 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 82 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 83 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 84 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 85 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 86 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT 87 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix 88 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e 89 Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' 90 91 Command (m for help): w 92 The partition table has been altered! 93 94 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. 95 96 WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. 97 The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at 98 the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) 99 Syncing disks. 100 101 [root@zlm2 14:02:20 ~] 102 #partprobe 103 104 [root@zlm2 14:03:42 ~] 105 #fdisk -l 106 107 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB, 31457280000 bytes, 61440000 sectors 108 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 109 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 110 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 111 Disk label type: dos 112 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e 113 114 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 115 /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux 116 /dev/sda2 1026048 20479999 9726976 8e Linux LVM 117 /dev/sda3 20480000 61439999 20480000 8e Linux LVM 118 119 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8866 MB, 8866758656 bytes, 17317888 sectors 120 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 121 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 122 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 123 124 125 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes, 2048000 sectors 126 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 127 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 128 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- Create a new PV,add to the original VG and then extend the VG.
1 [root@zlm2 14:04:09 ~] 2 #pvdisplay | grep "VG Name" 3 VG Name centos 4 5 [root@zlm2 14:05:05 ~] 6 #pvcreate /dev/sda3 7 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created 8 9 [root@zlm2 14:05:23 ~] 10 #pvdisplay | grep "VG Name" 11 VG Name centos 12 VG Name 13 14 [root@zlm2 14:05:41 ~] 15 #vgextend centos /dev/sda3 16 Volume group "centos" successfully extended
- Check the information logical partition.
1 [root@zlm2 14:07:19 ~] 2 #cat /etc/fstab 3 4 # 5 # /etc/fstab 6 # Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 27 12:42:03 2016 7 # 8 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' 9 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info 10 # 11 /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 12 UUID=461cd9c0-513e-48db-bb08-d07a8f6ef260 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 13 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
- Extend the new PV into the original logical partition and expand it.
1 [root@zlm2 14:06:15 ~] 2 #lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3 3 Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 8.26 GiB (2114 extents) to 27.79 GiB (7113 extents). 4 Logical volume root successfully resized. 5 6 [root@zlm2 14:13:28 ~] 7 #resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root //Resizes only for ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. 8 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 9 resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root 10 Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. 11 12 [root@zlm2 14:15:19 ~] 13 #xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root //Expands an existing XFS filesystem. 14 meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=541184 blks 15 = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 16 = crc=0 finobt=0 17 data = bsize=4096 blocks=2164736, imaxpct=25 18 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks 19 naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 20 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 21 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 22 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 23 data blocks changed from 2164736 to 7283712
- Check the diskspace again with "df -h" again.
1 [root@zlm2 14:15:45 ~] 2 #df -h 3 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on 4 /dev/mapper/centos-root 28G 7.5G 21G 27% / 5 devtmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev 6 tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /dev/shm 7 tmpfs 921M 8.4M 912M 1% /run 8 tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 9 /dev/sda1 497M 164M 334M 33% /boot 10 none 80G 29G 51G 36% /vagrant 11 tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/0
Okay，now I've got the enough disk space to install the gnome desktop environment.That's awesome!