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  • [i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器,linux操作系统平台搭建 从SD卡启动系统

    转自:http://www.07net01.com/linux/2016/02/1232094.html

    参照1:http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44536447

    参照2:http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44626011

    2017-02-04 22:52:54 

    目录

    1. uboot 的移植

    (1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

    (2)参考上面文档,我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

    (3)修改"flash_header.S"文件

    (4)修改"mx6q_sabresd.c"文件

    ( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量.

    (6)编辑编译脚本

    2,linux内核移植

    ( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零.

    ( 2 )修改串口配置,

    (3)修改SD配置部分

    (4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方,修改为

    (5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

    (6)编译内核需求工具

    (7)写编译脚本

    3.根文件系统制作

    ( 1 )建立目录结构

    (2)安装busybox

    (3)配置etc启动项

    (4)安装内核模块

    (5)复制编译器的库

    4.烧写

    ( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

    ( 2 )烧写u-boot.bin

    ( 3)烧写uImage

    (4)烧写根文件系统

    5.上电打印信息

    本文的目的是,完成一个从sd卡启动的一个纯净版的linux系统移植,其实就是一个很裸的根文件系统,后期有空会试着把QT移植进入.

    下面开始移植了,我使用的开发板是天嵌的E9,但是使用主要是imx6q开发板便宜,现在选择的余地可能大很多.

    我移植过程的源码下载地址为:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnOr7Ef,提供内容见里面的readme

    1. uboot 的移植

    资料下载:

    官方资源下载:uboot的下载地址,在百度上搜索git freescale 即进入freescale的管理库,里面资源很多,uboot版本为imx_v2009.08_3.0.35_4.1.0,点击download即可下载,这个版本对应的linux版本为3.0.35_4.1.0,当然linux内核版本在git freescale也可下载.

    (1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

    移除所有以前的记录,这样保证我是在一个干净的环境下进行编译.

    (2)参考上面文档,我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

    我就直接在原版基础上进行修改了,需修改的文件都在"./board/freescale/mx6q_sabresd"下"flash_header.S"和"mx6q_sabresd.c".

    (3)修改"flash_header.S"文件

    至于flash_header.S做了什么,可以参考http://blog.csdn.net/kris_fei/article/details/50463018

    可以理解为:

    • 系统上电,芯片内部ROM固化了一份代码(同TI DSP),这份代码会去读取uboot的一段代码到内部RAM中去(也就是uboot的第一段),也就是读取flash_header.s中的配置,然后去初始化DDR。
    • 之后,将整个uboot内容拷贝到DDR中,再将执行权交给uboot的start.S, 从而执行uboot的初始化。

    使用下面代码替换源文件中代码

      1 #else  /* i.MX6Q */
      2 dcd_hdr:          .word 0x40a002D2 /* Tag=0xD2, Len=83*8 + 4 + 4, Ver=0x40 */
      3 write_dcd_cmd:    .word 0x049c02CC /* Tag=0xCC, Len=83*8 + 4, Param=0x04 */
      4 
      5 /* DCD */
      6 
      7 
      8 MXC_DCD_ITEM(1, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x798, 0x000C0000)
      9 MXC_DCD_ITEM(2, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x758, 0x00000000)
     10 
     11 MXC_DCD_ITEM(3, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x588, 0x00000030)
     12 MXC_DCD_ITEM(4, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x594, 0x00000030)
     13 
     14 MXC_DCD_ITEM(5, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x56c, 0x00000030)
     15 MXC_DCD_ITEM(6, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x578, 0x00000030)
     16 MXC_DCD_ITEM(7, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x74c, 0x00000030)
     17 
     18 MXC_DCD_ITEM(8, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x57c, 0x00000030)
     19 
     20 MXC_DCD_ITEM(9, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x58c, 0x00000000)
     21 MXC_DCD_ITEM(10, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x59c, 0x00000030)
     22 MXC_DCD_ITEM(11, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a0, 0x00000030)
     23 MXC_DCD_ITEM(12, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x78c, 0x00000030)
     24 
     25 MXC_DCD_ITEM(13, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x750, 0x00020000)
     26 
     27 MXC_DCD_ITEM(14, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     28 MXC_DCD_ITEM(15, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     29 MXC_DCD_ITEM(16, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x524, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     30 MXC_DCD_ITEM(17, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x51c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     31 MXC_DCD_ITEM(18, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x518, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     32 MXC_DCD_ITEM(19, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x50c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     33 MXC_DCD_ITEM(20, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     34 MXC_DCD_ITEM(21, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     35 
     36 MXC_DCD_ITEM(22, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x774, 0x00020000)
     37 
     38 MXC_DCD_ITEM(23, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x784, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     39 MXC_DCD_ITEM(24, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x788, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     40 MXC_DCD_ITEM(25, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x794, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     41 MXC_DCD_ITEM(26, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x79c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     42 MXC_DCD_ITEM(27, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     43 MXC_DCD_ITEM(28, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     44 MXC_DCD_ITEM(29, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     45 MXC_DCD_ITEM(30, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x748, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     46 
     47 MXC_DCD_ITEM(31, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5ac, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     48 MXC_DCD_ITEM(32, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     49 MXC_DCD_ITEM(33, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x528, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     50 MXC_DCD_ITEM(34, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x520, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     51 MXC_DCD_ITEM(35, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x514, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     52 MXC_DCD_ITEM(36, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x510, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     53 MXC_DCD_ITEM(37, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5bc, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     54 MXC_DCD_ITEM(38, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
     55 
     56 MXC_DCD_ITEM(39, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x800, 0xA1390003) 
     57 
     58 MXC_DCD_ITEM(40, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
     59 MXC_DCD_ITEM(41, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
     60 MXC_DCD_ITEM(42, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
     61 MXC_DCD_ITEM(43, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
     62 
     63 MXC_DCD_ITEM(44, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x4333033F)
     64 MXC_DCD_ITEM(45, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x032C031D)
     65 MXC_DCD_ITEM(46, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x43200332)
     66 MXC_DCD_ITEM(47, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x031A026A)
     67 MXC_DCD_ITEM(48, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x4D464746)
     68 MXC_DCD_ITEM(49, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x47453F4D)
     69 MXC_DCD_ITEM(50, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x3E434440)
     70 MXC_DCD_ITEM(51, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x47384839)
     71 
     72 MXC_DCD_ITEM(52, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
     73 MXC_DCD_ITEM(53, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
     74 MXC_DCD_ITEM(54, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
     75 MXC_DCD_ITEM(55, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
     76 MXC_DCD_ITEM(56, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
     77 MXC_DCD_ITEM(57, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
     78 MXC_DCD_ITEM(58, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
     79 MXC_DCD_ITEM(59, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
     80 
     81 MXC_DCD_ITEM(60, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
     82 MXC_DCD_ITEM(61, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
     83 
     84 MXC_DCD_ITEM(62, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00020036)
     85 MXC_DCD_ITEM(63, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x008, 0x09444040)
     86 MXC_DCD_ITEM(64, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x00c, 0x8A8F7955) /* 555A7975 */
     87 MXC_DCD_ITEM(65, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x010, 0xFF328F64) /* FF328F64 */
     88 MXC_DCD_ITEM(66, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x014, 0x01FF00DB)
     89 MXC_DCD_ITEM(67, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x018, 0x00001740)
     90 
     91 MXC_DCD_ITEM(68, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008000)
     92 MXC_DCD_ITEM(69, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x02c, 0x000026D2)
     93 MXC_DCD_ITEM(70, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x030, 0x008F1023) /* 005A1023 */
     94 MXC_DCD_ITEM(71, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x040, 0x00000047) /* 00000027 */
     95 
     96 MXC_DCD_ITEM(72, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x000, 0x841A0000) /* 831A0000 */
     97 
     98 MXC_DCD_ITEM(73, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04088032)
     99 MXC_DCD_ITEM(74, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008033)
    100 MXC_DCD_ITEM(75, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00048031)
    101 MXC_DCD_ITEM(76, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x09408030)
    102 MXC_DCD_ITEM(77, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04008040)
    103 
    104 MXC_DCD_ITEM(78, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x020, 0x00005800)
    105 
    106 MXC_DCD_ITEM(79, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
    107 MXC_DCD_ITEM(80, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
    108 
    109 MXC_DCD_ITEM(81, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00025576)
    110 MXC_DCD_ITEM(82, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x404, 0x00011006)
    111 MXC_DCD_ITEM(83, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00000000)
    112 
    113 #endif
    View Code

    (4)修改"mx6q_sabresd.c"文件

    完成对应硬件的uart的修改和mmc的修改

    uart1移植,修改UART1对应的TXD和RXD引脚.

     1 static void setup_uart(void)
     2 {
     3 #if defined CONFIG_MX6Q
     4         /* UART1 TXD */
     5         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
     6         /* UART1 RXD */
     7         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
     8 
     9         /* UART1 TXD */
    10         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD);
    11 
    12         //  /* UART1 RXD */  
    13         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD);
    14 
    15 #elif defined CONFIG_MX6DL
    16         /* UART1 TXD */
    17         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
    18 
    19         /* UART1 RXD */
    20         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
    21 #endif
    22 }
    View Code

    mmc移植,解决mmc的引脚冲突文件,

     1  iomux_v3_cfg_t usdhc3_pads[] = {  
     2             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK,  
     3             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD,  
     4             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0,  
     5             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1,  
     6             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2,  
     7             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3,  
     8             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4,  
     9             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5,  
    10             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6,  
    11             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7,  
    12     };  
    View Code 

    ( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量.

      初始烧写时,存放uboot环境变量的存储空间无环境变量(如果用户命令敲入的环境变量,在什么位置?R:在SD卡或者nandflash中,其实是被划分为四块区域,uboot|parameter|kerenl|rootfs, 具体参数的地址可以在uboot源码中include/configs/mx6q_sabresd.h中的宏#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET xxx中找到),此时uboot会使用默认的环境变量,imx6q_sabresd默认环境变量位置为./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h. 

     vi mx6q_sabresd.h

    默认环境变量为

     1 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                       
     2                 "netdev=eth0"                                         
     3                 "ethprime=FEC0"                                       
     4                 "uboot=u-boot.bin"                    
     5                 "kernel=uImage"                               
     6                 "nfsroot=/opt/eldk/arm"                               
     7                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200"
     8                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "
     9                         "ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp"
    10                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          
    11                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm"       
    12                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp "     
    13                         "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait"                
    14                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   
    15                 "mmc dev 3; "   
    16                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm"    
    17                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net"
    View Code

     需要修改处:

    ①根文件系统存储地址

     "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait"  
    更改为
     "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait"  

    ②uboot 运行的参数

     "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net"  这为启动网络方式挂载内核和根文件系统 
    更改为
     "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc"  这为从flash中获取内核和根文件系统 

    ③获取可执行程序位置

     "mmc dev 3; "  
    更改为
     "mmc dev 1; "  

    ④去掉IP地址通过DHCP获取

     "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp "  
    更改为
     "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} "  

    ⑤增加了uboot期间,网络的mac地址

     "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66" 

    ⑥更改了网络挂载根文件系统的位置

     "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs" 

    ⑦更改了通过网络获取内核和根文件系统时的配置

     "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs " 
     "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp" 
    不用原版的通过dhcp获取ip,而用uboot环境变量中的静态ip

    更改后我的默认环境变量为

     1 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                       
     2                 "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66"
     3                 "netdev=eth0"                                         
     4                 "ethprime=FEC0"                                       
     5                 "uboot=u-boot.bin"                    
     6                 "kernel=uImage"                               
     7                 "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs"                              
     8                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200"
     9                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "
    10                         "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp"
    11                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          
    12                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm"       
    13                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} "     
    14                         "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait"                
    15                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   
    16                 "mmc dev 1; "   
    17                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm"    
    18                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc"
    View Code

    按照如上修改,就可以从SD卡获取剩余的内核和根文件系(uboot必须提供哪些环境变量?如rootfs位置、内核位置、串口参数等),并进行后面的程序启动.

    • 此处为SD卡,mmc dev 1表示当前处于mmcblk1的第0个分区,mmc read $(loadaddr) 0x800 0x2000; bootm中$(loadaddr)为DDR中内核启动地址,0x800表示mmc设备地址为0x800*512=0x100000位置处,读取0x2000*512即4M的大小到DDR的$(loadaddr)处,然后bootm启动内核。
    • 如果是nandflash,那么可以有下面的bootcmd
    bootcmd=nand read 0x30008000 0x600000 0x500000;bootm 0x30008000.

    解释,将nandflash中的kernel分区(分区的起始地址为0x600000, 大小为0x500000=5M)读取到DDR内存为0x30008000地址处,然后调用bootm从0x30008000处启动内核。

    uboot启动时,默认的ip地址也在./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h.

    1 175 #define CONFIG_IPADDR                   192.168.1.103
    2 176 #define CONFIG_SERVERIP                 192.168.1.101
    3 177 #define CONFIG_NETMASK                  255.255.255.0

    (6)编辑编译脚本

    1 vi build.sh
    2 
    3 export ARCH=arm
    4 export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
    5 make distclean
    6 make mx6q_sabresd_config
    7 make
    chmod +x build.sh
    ./build.sh

    烧写文件:在uboot的根目录下生成,u-boot.bin即使需要的烧写文件

    如何查看uboot的环境变量,在uboot命令模式下输入print or printenv, 保存命令行参数使用saveenv, 设置参数使用setenv.

    2,linux内核移植

    资源下载:

    官方下载地址:http://git.freescale.com/git/cgit.cgi/imx/linux-2.6-imx.git/commit/?h=imx_3.0.35_4.1.0,下载内核版本为linux_imx_3,0.35_4.1.0版本

    ( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零.

    ( 2 )修改串口配置,

    进入arch/arm/mach-mx6/目录,修改

    vi board-mx6q_sabresd.h
    
    /* UART1 for debug */  
        //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD,  
    View Code

    (3)修改SD配置部分

    /* USDHC2 */  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CLK__USDHC2_CLK,  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CMD__USDHC2_CMD,  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT0__USDHC2_DAT0,  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT1__USDHC2_DAT1,  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT2__USDHC2_DAT2,  
            MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT3__USDHC2_DAT3,  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D4__USDHC2_DAT4,  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D5__USDHC2_DAT5,  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D6__USDHC2_DAT6,  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D7__USDHC2_DAT7,  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D2__GPIO_2_2,          /* SD2_CD */  
            //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D3__GPIO_2_3,          /* SD2_WP */  
            MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_2__USDHC2_WP,  
            MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_4__USDHC2_CD,
    View Code

    (4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方,修改为 

    /* USDHC3 */
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3_50MHZ,
            //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4_50MHZ,
            //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5_50MHZ,
            //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6_50MHZ,
            //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7_50MHZ,
            MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D0__GPIO_2_0,            /* SD3_CD */
            MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D1__GPIO_2_1,            /* SD3_WP */
    View Code

    (5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

    vi board-mx6q_sabresd.c

    //#define SABRESD_SD2_CD                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 2)
    //#define SABRESD_SD2_WP                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 3)
    #define SABRESD_SD2_CD          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 4)
    #define SABRESD_SD2_WP          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 2)
    View Code

    (6)编译内核需求工具

    编译内核需要mkimage工具,此工具在uboot 下tools目录中,有两种方式,

    第一种,讲mkimage复制到/usr/bin下

    第二种讲./tools加到环境变量中.

    此时,在编译内核时,就会找到mkimage工具

    (7)写编译脚本

    回到内核源码的根目录中

    vi build.sh

    export ARCH=arm  
    export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-  
    make distclean  
    make imx6_defconfig  
    make uImage  
    View Code
    chmod +x build.sh
    ./build.sh 

    此时就开始编译内核,但是时间大概要5分钟左右,可以洗洗刷刷.

    烧写文件:./arch/arm/boot/ 目录下uImage文件

    3.根文件系统制作

    rootfs所需资料:一个目录结构,busybox,linux内核模块,编译器的库.

    其中busybox提供精简而常用的指令.busybox下载地址:百度下就知道了  https://busybox.net/

    下面开始建立rootfs了,

    ( 1 )建立目录结构

    vi rootfs.sh

    #!/bin/sh  
    echo "------Create rootfs directons start...--------"    
    mkdir rootfs  
    cd rootfs  
    echo "--------Create root,dev....----------"    
    mkdir bin sbin root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib mnt home usr  
    mkdir usr/sbin usr/bin usr/lib usr/modules  
    echo "make node in dev/console dev/null"    
    sudo mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1  
    sudo mknod -m 600 dev/null  c 1 3  
    mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp  
    mkdir var/lib var/lock var/run var/tmp  
    chmod 1777 tmp  
    chmod 1777 var/tmp  
    echo "-------make direction done---------" 
    View Code
    chmod +x rootfs.sh
    ./rootfs.sh

    (2)安装busybox

    我使用busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2版本

    tar -xvjf busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2
    
    cd busybox-1_24_stable/
    
    make distclean
    
    make defconfig
    
    make menuconfig
    View Code 

    配置菜单跟配置内核时的差不多,依次进入 Busybox Settings => Build Options => Cross Compiler prefix (NEW) ,设置为编译器的前缀,我的是 arm-none-linux-gnueabi- 

    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
    make CONFIG_PREFIX=../rootfs install

    至此,busybox安装完毕

    (3)配置etc启动项

    busybox自带的etc默认在 busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/ 文件夹下,就以此为模板来修改

    cp -rf busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* rootfs/etc/

    ①inittab文件更改为

    ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
    #power on not login
    ::respawn:-/bin/sh
    #power on need login
    #::respawn:-/bin/login
    ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r
    View Code

    ②profie文件更改为

    # /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
    
    PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
    
    echo
    echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "
    echo "Done"
    echo
    View Code

    ③init/rcS文件更改为

    #! /bin/sh
    /bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts
    /bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm
    /bin/mount -a
    /bin/mount -t tmpfs mdev /dev
    /bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
    mdev -s
    
    #######config Network################################
    /sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    
    /sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.103
    /sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
    /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0
    View Code

    ④fstab文件更改为

    proc            /proc   proc    defaults    0   0
    sysfs           /sys    sysfs   defaults    0   0
    none            /dev/pts    devpts   mode=0622      0 0
    tmpfs           /dev/shm    tmpfs    defaults       0 
    View Code

    ⑤登陆用户

    cp /etc/passwd etc/
    
    cp /etc/shadow etc/
    
    cp /etc/group etc/
    View Code

    保留你需要的登陆用户名

    当然此步可以忽略,无此步就是需要要任何认证即可登陆

    (4)安装内核模块

    进入linux-3.0.35内核源码根目录

    make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
    make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../mkrootfs/rootfs

    至此完成内核模块的安装

    (5)复制编译器的库

    cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/*so* ./lib/ -d
    cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/*so* ./usr/lib/ -d

    此次库安装完毕.

    打包跟文件系统,进入根文件系统的根目录, 

     tar cvzf rootfs.tgz * 

    此时,rootfs.tgz就是打包好的根文件系统.

    到此为止,根文件系统建立完毕.下面开始烧写可执行文件喽.

    4.烧写

    烧写所需食材就是前面生成的可执行文件,u-boot.bin/uImage/rootfs.tgz.

    我的SD卡为sdb设备文件,根据挂载的设备文件不同进行修改.

    ( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

    sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=1536 count=16
    sync

    ( 2 )烧写u-boot.bin

    这里跳过SD卡的前1k会不会导致片内ROM无法找到SD卡?

    sudo dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2 skip=2
    sync

    ( 3)烧写uImage

    此处是从SD卡的2048*512=0x100000处开始写入kernel,和上面的uboot环境变量保持了一致。

    sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2048
    sync  

    (4)烧写根文件系统

    对SD进行ext3分区,并拷贝文件分区

    sudo fdisk /dev/sdb 

    Step1: 通过指令u切换到sectors模式。输入u后回车,fdisk会在sectors模式和cylinders模式间切换,这里切换到sectors模式。

    Step2:通过d指令删除原来的分区。重复的输入d并回车,可以删除SD卡原有的分区,知道没有任何分区为止。

    Step3:通过n指令新建分区。输入n并回车。

    Step4:通过p指令设置为主分区。输入p并回车。

    Step5:输入分区编号。这里输入数字1。

    Step6:输入分区的起始位置。该位置是sectors为单位的,每个sector的大小为512B,这里偏移8M,给内核留下足够的存储空间,输入16384(8192*2),即从0x800000偏移处作为第一个分区并回车

    Step7:输入分区的结束为止。直接使用默认值,即到达SD卡的末尾,故直接回车即可。

    Step8:保存分区信息。输入指令w并回车。

    使用ext3格式化SD卡

    sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1    

    挂载SD卡到/mnt目录下,这样就可用对SD卡进行操作

    sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt 
    sudo tar xvzf rootfs.tgz -C /mnt/
    sync

    此时,已完成平台移植,查到开发板开电,是不是很激动而紧张啊

    5.上电打印信息

    U-Boot 2009.08-dirty ( 1??月 24 2016 - 20:47:28)
    
    CPU: Freescale i.MX6 family TO1.2 at 792 MHz
    Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
    Temperature:   20 C, calibration data 0x5384a769
    mx6q pll1: 792MHz
    mx6q pll2: 528MHz
    mx6q pll3: 480MHz
    mx6q pll8: 50MHz
    ipg clock     : 66000000Hz
    ipg per clock : 66000000Hz
    uart clock    : 80000000Hz
    cspi clock    : 60000000Hz
    ahb clock     : 132000000Hz
    axi clock   : 264000000Hz
    emi_slow clock: 132000000Hz
    ddr clock     : 528000000Hz
    usdhc1 clock  : 198000000Hz
    usdhc2 clock  : 198000000Hz
    usdhc3 clock  : 198000000Hz
    usdhc4 clock  : 198000000Hz
    nfc clock     : 24000000Hz
    Board: i.MX6Q-SABRESD: unknown-board Board: 0x63012 [WDOG ]
    Boot Device: SD
    I2C:   ready
    DRAM:   1 GB
    MMC:   FSL_USDHC: 0,FSL_USDHC: 1,FSL_USDHC: 2,FSL_USDHC: 3
    *** Warning - bad CRC or MMC, using default environment
    
    In:    serial
    Out:   serial
    Err:   serial
    Net:   got MAC address from IIM: 00:00:00:00:00:00
    FEC0 [PRIME]
    Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
    mmc1 is current device
    
    MMC read: dev # 1, block # 2048, count 8192 ... 8192 blocks read: OK
    ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 10800000 ...
       Image Name:   Linux-3.0.35
       Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
       Data Size:    3847528 Bytes =  3.7 MB
       Load Address: 10008000
       Entry Point:  10008000
       Verifying Checksum ... OK
       Loading Kernel Image ... OK
    OK
    
    Starting kernel ...
    
    Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
    Linux version 3.0.35 (shirf@shirf-pc) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140320 (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-29) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jan 246
    CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc09a] revision 10 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
    CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
    Machine: Freescale i.MX 6Quad/DualLite/Solo Sabre-SD Board
    Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x54410008
    Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc
    CPU identified as i.MX6Q, silicon rev 1.2
    PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @8c008000 s5440 r8192 d15040 u32768
    Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 194560
    Kernel command line: console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait
    PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
    Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
    Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
    Memory: 512MB 256MB = 768MB total
    Memory: 765844k/765844k available, 282732k reserved, 0K highmem
    Virtual kernel memory layout:
        vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
        fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
        DMA     : 0xf4600000 - 0xffe00000   ( 184 MB)
        vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xf2000000   ( 792 MB)
        lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000   (1024 MB)
        pkmap   : 0x7fe00000 - 0x80000000   (   2 MB)
        modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x7fe00000   (  14 MB)
          .init : 0x80008000 - 0x8003c000   ( 208 kB)
          .text : 0x8003c000 - 0x80a9a220   (10617 kB)
          .data : 0x80a9c000 - 0x80affce0   ( 400 kB)
           .bss : 0x80affd04 - 0x80b2db4c   ( 184 kB)
    SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
    Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
    NR_IRQS:624
    MXC GPIO hardware
    sched_clock: 32 bits at 3000kHz, resolution 333ns, wraps every 1431655ms
    arm_max_freq=1GHz
    MXC_Early serial console at MMIO 0x2020000 (options '115200')
    bootconsole [ttymxc0] enabled
    Console: colour dummy device 80x30
    Calibrating delay loop... 1581.05 BogoMIPS (lpj=7905280)
    pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
    Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
    CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
    hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver, 7 counters available
    CPU1: Booted secondary processor
    CPU2: Booted secondary processor
    CPU3: Booted secondary processor
    Brought up 4 CPUs
    SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (6324.22 BogoMIPS).
    print_constraints: dummy: 
    NET: Registered protocol family 16
    print_constraints: vddpu: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 700 mV fast normal 
    print_constraints: vddcore: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1150 mV fast normal 
    print_constraints: vddsoc: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1200 mV fast normal 
    print_constraints: vdd2p5: 2000 <--> 2775 mV at 2400 mV fast normal 
    print_constraints: vdd1p1: 800 <--> 1400 mV at 1100 mV fast normal 
    print_constraints: vdd3p0: 2625 <--> 3400 mV at 3000 mV fast normal 
    hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.
    hw-breakpoint: 1 breakpoint(s) reserved for watchpoint single-step.
    hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.
    L310 cache controller enabled
    l2x0: 16 ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c7, AUX_CTRL 0x32070000, Cache size: 1048576 B
    bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
    mxs-dma mxs-dma-apbh: initialized
    print_constraints: SPKVDD: 4200 mV 
    print_constraints: vmmc: 3300 mV 
    SCSI subsystem initialized
    spi_imx imx6q-ecspi.0: probed
    usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
    usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
    usbcore: registered new device driver usb
    Freescale USB OTG Driver loaded, $Revision: 1.55 $
    mc_pfuze 1-0008: recv failed!:-5,c8
    mc_pfuze: probe of 1-0008 failed with error -1
    imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
    imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
    mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 driver probed
    mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 dphy version is 0x3130302a
    MIPI CSI2 driver module loaded
    Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.
    Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
    NET: Registered protocol family 31
    Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
    Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
    Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
    Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
    cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
    max17135 2-0048: PMIC MAX17135 for eInk display
    i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy suspend method
    i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy resume method
    Switching to clocksource mxc_timer1
    NET: Registered protocol family 2
    IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
    TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
    TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 786432 bytes)
    TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
    TCP reno registered
    UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
    UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
    NET: Registered protocol family 1
    RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
    RPC: Registered udp transport module.
    RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
    RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
    PMU: registered new PMU device of type 0
    Static Power Management for Freescale i.MX6
    wait mode is enabled for i.MX6
    cpaddr = 0 suspend_iram_base=f2900000
    PM driver module loaded
    IMX usb wakeup probe
    add wake up source irq 75
    IMX usb wakeup probe
    cpu regulator mode:ldo_enable
    i.MXC CPU frequency driver
    JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) ?© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
    msgmni has been set to 1495
    alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
    io scheduler noop registered
    io scheduler deadline registered
    io scheduler cfq registered (default)
    mxc_mipi_dsi mxc_mipi_dsi: i.MX MIPI DSI driver probed
    MIPI DSI driver module loaded
    mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.0: register mxc display driver ldb
    _regulator_get: get() with no identifier
    imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC DP HIGH RESOLUTION: 1(0,1), 5B(2~5), 5F(6,7)
    Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
    mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.1: register mxc display driver ldb
    mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.2: register mxc display driver lcd
    mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: register mxc display driver ldb
    mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: ipu1-di0 already in use
    mxc_sdc_fb: probe of mxc_sdc_fb.3 failed with error -16
    imx-sdma imx-sdma: loaded firmware 1.1
    imx-sdma imx-sdma: initialized
    Serial: IMX driver
    imx-uart.2: ttymxc2 at MMIO 0x21ec000 (irq = 60) is a IMX
    imx-uart.0: ttymxc0 at MMIO 0x2020000 (irq = 58) is a IMX
    console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
    console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
    loop: module loaded
    Wait for CR ACK error!
    sata phy rx_pll is stable!
    No sata disk.
    m25p80 spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id ffffff
    GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)
    vcan: Virtual CAN interface driver
    CAN device driver interface
    flexcan netdevice driver
    FEC Ethernet Driver
    fec_enet_mii_bus: probed
    ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: irq 75, io base 0x02184000
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
    hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
    hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
    add wake up source irq 72
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: irq 72, io base 0x02184200
    fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
    hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
    hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
    Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
    usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
    USB Mass Storage support registered.
    ARC USBOTG Device Controller driver (1 August 2005)
    mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
    input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
    input: max11801_ts as /devices/platform/imx-i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0048/input/input1
    egalax_ts 1-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
    egalax_ts: probe of 1-0004 failed with error -5
    egalax_ts 2-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
    egalax_ts: probe of 2-0004 failed with error -5
    usb 2-1: new high speed USB device number 2 using fsl-ehci
    elan - Read Hello Packet Failed
    elan-touch: probe of 2-0010 failed with error -22
    i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy suspend method
    i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy resume method
    snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: rtc core: registered snvs_rtc as rtc0
    i2c /dev entries driver
    Linux video capture interface: v2.00
    mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video16
    mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video17
    mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video18
    mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video19
    mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video20
    hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found
    hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
    mag3110 2-000e: check mag3110 chip ID
    mag3110 2-000e: read chip ID 0xfffffffb is not equal to 0xc4!
    mag3110: probe of 2-000e failed with error -22
    i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy suspend method
    i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy resume method
    mma8451 0-001c: read chip ID 0x1 is not equal to 0x1a or 0x2a!
    mma8451: probe of 0-001c failed with error -22
    imx2-wdt imx2-wdt.0: IMX2+ Watchdog Timer enabled. timeout=60s (nowayout=1)
    Bluetooth: Virtual HCI driver ver 1.3
    Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
    Bluetooth: HCIATH3K protocol initialized
    Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.6
    usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
    sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
    sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
    mmc0: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.3] using DMA
    sdhci sdhci-esdhc-imx.1: no card-detect pin available!
    mmc1: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.1] using DMA
    mmc2: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.2] using DMA
    mxc_vdoa mxc_vdoa: i.MX Video Data Order Adapter(VDOA) driver probed
    VPU initialized
    mxc_asrc registered
    Galcore version 4.6.9.9754
    Thermal calibration data is 0x5384a769
    Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
    Anatop Thermal registered as thermal_zone0
    anatop_thermal_probe: default cooling device is cpufreq!
    leds-gpio: probe of leds-gpio failed with error -16
    usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
    usbhid: USB HID core driver
    usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
    mxc_hdmi_soc mxc_hdmi_soc.0: MXC HDMI Audio
    Cirrus Logic CS42888 ALSA SoC Codec Driver
    i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy suspend method
    i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy resume method
    imx-hdmi-soc-dai imx-hdmi-soc-dai.0: Failed: Load HDMI-video first.
    wm8962 0-001a: Failed to get supply 'DCVDD': -19
    wm8962 0-001a: Failed to request supplies: -19
    wm8962 0-001a: asoc: failed to probe CODEC wm8962.0-001a: -19
    asoc: failed to instantiate card wm8962-audio: -19
    mmc0: new high speed DDR MMC card at address 0001
    imx_3stack asoc driver
    mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 008G92 7.28 GiB 
    mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 1 4.00 MiB
    mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 2 4.00 MiB
     mmcblk0: p1
    Initialize HDMI-audio failed. Load HDMI-video first!
    ALSA device list:
      No soundcards found.
    NET: Registered protocol family 26
     mmcblk0boot1: unknown partition table
    TCP cubic registered
    NET: Registered protocol family 17
    can: controller area network core (rev 20090105 abi 8)
    NET: Registered protocol family 29
    can: raw protocol (rev 20090105)
    can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20090105 t)
    Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
    Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
    Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
    Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
    Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
     mmcblk0boot0: unknown partition table
    Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
    lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
    VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4
    DDR type is DDR3
    Bus freq driver module loaded
    Bus freq driver Enabled
    mxc_dvfs_core_probe
    DVFS driver module loaded
    regulator_init_complete: SPKVDD: incomplete constraints, leaving on
    snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: setting system clock to 1970-01-01 00:01:00 UTC (60)
    Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk1p1...
    mmc1: new high speed SD card at address 1234
    mmcblk1: mmc1:1234 SA02G 1.81 GiB 
     mmcblk1: p1
    EXT3-fs: barriers not enabled
    kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
    EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): using internal journal
    EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): recovery complete
    EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
    VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:25.
    Freeing init memory: 208K
    eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=1:00, irq=-1)
    
    Processing /etc/profile... Done
    
    / # PHY: 1:00 - Link is Up - 100/Full
    View Code

    问题

    关于dd命令:

    • if/of=input file/output file, 从file中读和写
    • bs=bytes,一次读写的bytes,默认为512.
    • skip=blocks, 在拷贝之前,跳过输入文件的前block块,而块大小为bs字节数,默认为512.
    • seek=blocks, 在拷贝之前,跳过输出文件的前block块,块大小同上.
    • count=blocks, 只拷贝输入文件的前block块,直到文件末尾.
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aaronLinux/p/6366524.html
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