Python实现自动生成小学四则运算题目

Python实现自动生成小学四则运算题目

 

Github地址:

https://github.com/RNG-Wh1t3zZ/air-force-one-lbw/blob/master/zy1.py

题目描述：

　　通过python语言编写一个能够自动生成小学四则运算的程序（注意是给小学生用的，要是结果出现负数的话他们会很迷茫的！）,同时，除了整数外，还要支持真分数的四则运算。

Psp表格：

第一次作业PSP	任务内容	计划完成需要的时间(min)	实际完成需要的时间(min)
Planning	计划	60	60
Estimate	估计这个任务需要多少时间，并规划大致工作步骤	20	30
Analysis	需求分析 (包括学习新技术)	40	80
Design	具体设计	30	40
Coding	具体编码	300	500
test	测试（自我测试，修改代码，提交修改）	150	200
Postmortem & Process Improvement Plan	事后总结 ,并提出过程改进计划	25	50
Summary	合计	625	960

1.程序设计

生成简单的四则运算题目需要两个整数或是分数，为了将答案与算式分类，用两个列表储存。q[]用来存储问题，ans[]用来存储答案。我们可以通过random模块生成一定区间里的随机数,分数也可以通过随机生成分子和分母的形式随机生成。同时分数可以使用Fraction模块，可以同时实现分数与整数的运算以及分子和分母的约分。

下面是各个函数的代码：

2.实现代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
* @Author : lbw
* @Date : 2020-09-19 15:57:48
* @version : 1.0
* @Description : 小工具
* @LastEditTime : 2020-09-20 20:49:30
'''

import random
import datetime
import argparse
import re
from fractions import Fraction

def OPT(up_limit=10, oper_num=2, oper_variety=4, has_fraction=True):
'''
* 设置参数

* @param up_limit {int} 操作数数值上限

* @param oper_num {int} 操作数个数

* @param oper_variety {int} 运算符种类

* @param has_fraction {bool} 是否带有分数
'''
parse = argparse.ArgumentParser()
# 操作数数值上限
parse.add_argument('--up_limit', type=int, default=up_limit)
# 操作数个数
parse.add_argument('--oper_num', type=int, default=oper_num)
# 运算符种类
parse.add_argument('--oper_variety', type=int, default=oper_variety)
# 是否带有分数
parse.add_argument('--has_fraction', type=bool, default=has_fraction)

return parse.parse_args(args=[])

class GeneralFormular:
'''
* 生成算式

* @param opt {OPT} 参数
'''
def __init__(self, opt):
self.opt = opt

# @profile
def catFormula(self, operand1, operator, operand2):
'''
* 连接算式

* @param operand1 {str} 操作数1

* @param opertor {str} 运算符

* @param operand2 {str} 操作数2

* @return {str}
'''

return "{}{}{}".format(operand1, operator, operand2)

# @profile
def getRandomIntOperand(self):
'''
* 返回随机整数操作数

* @return {int}
'''
return random.randint(0, self.opt.up_limit)

# @profile
def getRandomFractionOperand(self):
'''
* 返回随机分数操作数

* @return {str}
'''
num01 = self.getRandomIntOperand()
num02 = self.getRandomIntOperand()
while num01 == num02 or num02==0:
num02 = self.getRandomIntOperand()
while num01 == 0:
num01 = self.getRandomIntOperand()

# 保证分数为真分数
if num01 < num02:
return str(num01) + "/" + str(num02)
else:
return str(num02) + "/" + str(num01)

# @profile
def getRandomOperator(self):
'''
* 返回随机运算符

* @return {str}
'''
index = random.randint(0, self.opt.oper_variety-1)
if index == 0:
return '+'
elif index == 1:
return '-'
elif index == 2:
return '×'
else:
return '÷'

# @profile
def getOriginFormular(self):
'''
* 生成整数源算式

* @return {str}
'''
tmp = self.getRandomIntOperand()
for i in range(self.opt.oper_num-1):
tmp = self.catFormula(tmp, self.getRandomOperator(), self.getRandomIntOperand())

# 去掉'÷0'
while(True):
if '÷0' in tmp:
tmp = tmp.replace('÷0', '÷'+str(self.getRandomIntOperand()))
else:
break

return tmp

# @profile
def insertBracket(self, formular):
'''
* 插入括号

* @param formular {str} 源算式

* @return {str}
'''
# print(formular)

# 若只包含+号 或 只有两个操作数 则不用加括号
if self.opt.oper_variety <= 2 or self.opt.oper_num == 2:
return formular
# 若不包含×÷ 则不用加括号
if '×' not in formular and '÷' not in formular:
return formular

# 操作数列表
operand_list = re.split("[-|+|×|÷]", formular)
# 操作符列表
operator_list = re.split("[!0-9]", formular)
# 去掉空字符
while '' in operator_list:
operator_list.remove('')
# print(operand_list, operator_list)

# 添加括号
new_formular = ""
flag = 0
for i in range(len(operator_list)):
oper = operator_list.pop(0)
if oper == '-' or oper == '+':
if flag == 0:
new_formular += "("
flag = 1
new_formular += (str(operand_list.pop(0)) + str(oper))
else:
new_formular += str(operand_list.pop(0))

if flag == 1:
new_formular += ")"
flag = 0

new_formular += str(oper)
# print(operand_list, operator_list, new_formular)

new_formular += str(operand_list.pop(0))
if flag == 1:
new_formular += ")"

return new_formular

# @profile
def replaceFraction(self, formular):
'''
* 带入分数

* @param formular {str} 源算式，可能包含括号

* @return {str}
'''

# 带入分数个数
fraction_num = 1
if self.opt.oper_num > 2:
fraction_num = (self.opt.oper_num - 1) / 2
# 操作数列表
operand_list = re.split("[-|+|×|÷|(|)]", formular)
# 去掉空字符
while '' in operand_list:
operand_list.remove('')
index = random.randint(0, len(operand_list)-1)

formular = formular.replace(str(operand_list[index]), self.getRandomFractionOperand())

return formular

# @profile
def solve(self):
'''
* 整合生成算式的后缀表达式，带括号

* @return {str}
'''
# 生成原生算式
ori_formular = self.getOriginFormular()
# 添加括号
bra_formular = self.insertBracket(ori_formular)
# 带入分数
if self.opt.has_fraction:
bra_formular = self.replaceFraction(bra_formular)

return bra_formular

class ComputeFormular:
'''
* 计算算式的值
'''
def __init__(self):
pass

# @profile
def getPostFormular(self, formular):
'''
* 中缀表达式转为后缀表达式

* @param formular {str} 中缀表达式

* @return {str}
'''
# 运算符栈
operator_stack = []

# 后缀表达式
post_formular = ""

# 中缀表达式转为后缀表达式
i = 0
while i < len(formular):
char = formular[i]
# print("1: ", i, char, operator_stack, post_formular)
if char == '(':
operator_stack.append(char)
i += 1
# print("2: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)
elif char == ')':
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
while tmp_char != '(':
post_formular += tmp_char
if len(operator_stack) != 0:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
else:
break
i += 1
# print("3: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)
elif char == '+' or char == '-':
try:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
except Exception as e:
pass
while len(operator_stack) != 0:
if tmp_char != '(':
post_formular += tmp_char
if len(operator_stack) != 0:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
else:
break
else:
operator_stack.append(tmp_char)
break
operator_stack.append(char)
i += 1
# print("4: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)
elif char == '×' or char == '÷':
while len(operator_stack) != 0:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
if tmp_char== '×' or tmp_char == '÷':
post_formular += tmp_char
if len(operator_stack) != 0:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop()
else:
break
else:
break
operator_stack.append(char)
i += 1
# print("5: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)
# 存在数字时
else:
# print("6: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)
while char >= '0' and char <= '9' or char == '/':
post_formular += char
i += 1
if i < len(formular):
char = formular[i]
else:
break
post_formular += '#'
# print("7: ", i, operator_stack, post_formular)

# 若符号栈不为空则循环
while len(operator_stack) != 0:
tmp_char = operator_stack.pop(0)
post_formular += tmp_char
# print("8: ", i, operator_stack, tmp_char)

# print(post_formular)
return post_formular

# @profile
def calcFormular(self, formular):
'''
* 计算算式的值

* @param formular {str} 后缀表达式

* @return {str}
'''
# 操作数栈
operand_stack = []
i = 0
while i < len(formular):
if formular[i] == '+':
num01 = operand_stack.pop()
num02 = operand_stack.pop()
result = Fraction(num02) + Fraction(num01)
operand_stack.append(result.__str__())
elif formular[i] == '-':
num01 = operand_stack.pop()
num02 = operand_stack.pop()
result = Fraction(num02) - Fraction(num01)
operand_stack.append(result.__str__())
elif formular[i] =='×':
num01 = operand_stack.pop()
num02 = operand_stack.pop()
result = Fraction(num02) * Fraction(num01)
operand_stack.append(result.__str__())
elif formular[i] == '÷':
num01 = operand_stack.pop()
num02 = operand_stack.pop()
try:
result = Fraction(num02) / Fraction(num01)
operand_stack.append(result.__str__())
except Exception as e:
# print('Error: 除零错误！')
return "NaN"
else:
number = ""
while formular[i] >= '0' and formular[i] <= '9' or formular[i] == '/':
number += formular[i]
if i < len(formular):
i += 1
else:
i -= 1
break
operand_stack.append(number)

i += 1

return operand_stack.pop()

# @profile
def solve(self, formular):
'''
* 整合计算中缀表达式的值

* @param formular {str} 后缀表达式

* @return {str}
'''
# 转为后缀表达式
post_formular = self.getPostFormular(formular)
value = self.calcFormular(post_formular)

return value

if __name__ == "__main__":
opt = OPT(up_limit=10, oper_num=5, has_fraction=False)
gf = GeneralFormular(opt)
# gf.getRandomIntOperand()
# gf.getRandomFractionOperand()
# gf.getRandomOperator()
# formular = gf.getOriginFormular()
# new_formular = gf.insertBracket(formular)
# fra_formular = gf.replaceFraction(new_formular)
# print("源算式：", formular)
# print("加括号：", new_formular)
# print("换分数：", fra_formular)

cf = ComputeFormular()
# post_formular = cf.getPostFormular(fra_formular)
# value = cf.calcFormular(post_formular)
# print("后缀式：", post_formular)
# print("结果：", value)

fra_formular = gf.solve()
print("中缀式：", fra_formular)
value = cf.solve(fra_formular)
print("结果：", value)

　　

3.程序运行结果