一、环境与下载地址：
1、系统下载地址：
http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/6.6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
2、mysql下载地址：
推荐使用官方
二、安装mysql的步骤：
1、卸载原版本的mysql：
yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1*
或者
rpm -e 原始mysql
2、创建一个MySQL用户组：
groupadd mysql
3、一个属于MySQL的用组的mysql用户
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /opt/mysql mysql
4、查看用户和组状态：
id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)
5、配置myql的安装目录：
mkdir -p /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,tmp,logs}
ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22 /usr/local/mysql
ll /usr/local/
6、查看结果：
ll /usr/local/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Dec 17 15:24 mysql -> /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22
7、解压mysql的安装包：
tar -xzvf /data/soft/mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22/
8、剪贴文件到安装目录：
cd /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22
mv mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* .
9、查看依赖的lib库是否安全
ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
10、更改权限：
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
11、设置root的环境变量：
vi .bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.22/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH
source .bash_profile
12、编辑my.cnf
#my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="\u@\h:p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"
#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/query.log
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /opt/mysql/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
event_scheduler = 0
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="\u@\h:p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"
#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/query.log
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /opt/mysql/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
event_scheduler = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300
#character set
character-set-server = utf8
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000
skip-name-resolve = 1
#logs
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/error.log
log_warnings = 2
pid-file = mysql.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
#binlog
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 203306
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mybinlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 1G
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 10
#relay log
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 1G
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
#buffers & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 256
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend（生产中最少1G）
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M（生产中最大256）
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_status_file = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
#端口号为3306的实例特殊配置
[mysqld3306]
port =3306
server-id=203306
#指定本实例相应版本的basedir和datadir
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
#transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
[mysqld3308]
port=3308
server-id=203308
#binlog-do-db=db01
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3308/data
socket = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0
[mysqld3309]
port=3309
server-id=203309
#binlog-do-db=db01
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3309/data
socket = /tmp/mysql_3309.sock
#重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0
13、复制my.cnf到/etc/目录下：
cp my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
14、初始化数据库：
cd /usr/local/mysql/
初始化数据库一定要在basedir 下进行
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
15、将启动信息加入到启动像
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
16、启动mysql服务：
/etc/init.d/mysql start
17、查看mysql是否启动成功：
a、查看mysql的进程：
ps axu|grep mysqld
b、查看mysql的监听：
netstat -nalp|grep "3306"
18、添加启动项：
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --level 35 mysql on
chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
19、查看mysql用户的表信息：
select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | master1 | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| root | ::1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | master1 | |
+------+-----------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
20、删除初始化用户：
delete from mysql.user where user!='root' or host!='localhost';
21、刷新数据库：
flush privileges;
22、检查权限：
select user,host,password from mysql.user;
=========================================================
安装时出现的问题大多数的排错思路如下：
1、初始化mysql的时候，需要开启另一个连接，tail -f error.log，根据报错进行查看。
2、查看my.cnf文件里的目录是否都存在。
3、查看my.cnf文件里的目录权限是否都是mysql.mysql。
4、如果是虚拟机查看内存和磁盘是否足够。