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  • 第三百零四节,Django框架,urls.py模块,views.py模块,路由映射与路由分发以及逻辑处理——url控制器

    Django框架,urls.py模块,views.py模块,路由映射与路由分发以及逻辑处理——url控制器

    这一节主讲url控制器

    一、urls.py模块

    这个模块是配置路由映射的模块,当用户访问一个url地址时,通过这个路由映射模块,映射给对应的逻辑处理函数

    urlpatterns等于的一个列表,列表里的一个元素就是一条路由映射

    urlpatterns路由映射配置方式

    参数说明:

    一个正则表达式字符串
    一个可调用对象,通常为一个视图函数或一个指定视图函数路径的字符串
    可选的要传递给视图函数的默认参数(字典形式)
    一个可选的name参数

    urlpatterns = [
        url(正则表达式, 映射函数,参数[可选],别名[可选]),
    ]
    urlpatterns
    = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls,{'a':'123'},'ADMIN'), ]

    如:

    """Xiangmu URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),   #系统生成的映射
                                                   #注意里面的任意一条映射匹配成功,后面的则不在匹配
        url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),                           #表示articles/2003/这个路径映射views模块的special_case_2003函数
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),                        #表示2003可以是0-9的任意4个数字
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),            #表示匹配二级目录
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),  #表示匹配三级目录
    ]

    二、views.py模块,路由映射的函数模块,逻辑处理路由映射的需求

    注意:自定义映射函数时,有两个重点

    HttpResponse(字符串)方法向用户返回字符串

      1,定义的函数必须,定义一个形式参数,这个形式参数接收的url请求信息对象,可以通过这个形式参数的各种方法获取到各种请求信息

      2,向用户返回信息,必须在函数结尾return,如果是要给用户返回一串字符串,那就必须返回HttpResponse方法,参数是要返回的字符串,需要先导入这个方法

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special_case_2003(request):
        print(request.method)       #获取用户请求的路径
        return HttpResponse('你好')

    最后测试一下

    浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1:8000/articles/2003/

    逻辑处理时获取用户访问路径

    逻辑处理自定义函数的第二个参数,就是接收用户请求路径的,所以需要自定义形式参数来接收

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special_case_2003(request,name):
        print(request.method)       #获取用户请求的路径
        print(name)           #打印路径
        return HttpResponse(name)  #将路径返回到页面

    注意:要获取路径时,需要在路由映射哪里用正则的分组()号,将要获取的路径分组,也就是括起来,如果路由映射里有多个分组,逻辑函数就需要多个形式参数接收

    """Xiangmu URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),   #系统生成的映射
    
        url(r'^(articles/2003)/$', views.special_case_2003),                         #表示articles/2003/这个路径映射views模块的special_case_2003函数
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),                        #表示2003可以是0-9的任意4个数字
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),            #表示匹配二级目录
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),  #表示匹配三级目录
    ]

     上面我们讲到的是自定义形式参数接收访问路径,下面我们讲设置固定形式参数

    逻辑处理函数,接收用户访问路径时设置固定形式参数,

    需要在路由映射里设置,逻辑函数接收的参数名称?P<year>

    路由映射

    """Xiangmu URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),   #系统生成的映射
    
        url(r'^(?P<year>articles/2003)/$', views.special_case_2003),                         #表示articles/2003/这个路径映射views模块的special_case_2003函数
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),                        #表示2003可以是0-9的任意4个数字
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),            #表示匹配二级目录
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),  #表示匹配三级目录
    ]

    逻辑处理

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special_case_2003(request,year):
        print(year)
        return render(request,'index.html')

    逻辑处理返回html文件

    将HTML文件放到templates文件夹,逻辑处理的时候会自动到这个文件夹搜索相应文件

    需要先导入render方法

    render(用户请求对象,html文件路径名称)方法,向用户返回html文件内容

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special_case_2003(request,name):
        return render(request,'index.html')

    整个流程

    路由映射

    """Xiangmu URL Configuration
    
    The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
        https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
    Examples:
    Function views
        1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
    Class-based views
        1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
    Including another URLconf
        1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
        2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
    """
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),   #系统生成的映射
    
        url(r'^(articles/2003)/$', views.special_case_2003),                         #表示articles/2003/这个路径映射views模块的special_case_2003函数
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),                        #表示2003可以是0-9的任意4个数字
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),            #表示匹配二级目录
        # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),  #表示匹配三级目录
    ]

    逻辑处理

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special_case_2003(request,name):
        return render(request,'index.html')

    整个流程图

    上面讲的,都是通过全局里的urls.py模块路由映射的,如果网站很大有很多个app应用,那么就需要路由分发,每一个app应用负责一个业务

    路由分发

    过个全局里的urls.py模块,配置路由分发,将制定的路径分发到指定的app应用里的urls.py模块里路由映射

    全局urls.py模块路由分发

    首先要在全局urls.py模块引入

    from django.conf.urls import include, url

    include('app1.urls')函数,设置要分发的路由映射路径名称

    全局urls.py模块路由分发

    from django.conf.urls import include, url
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^bug', include('app1.urls')),   #将访问路径以bug开头的路径分发到app1下的urls.py模块里进行路由映射
    
    ]

    app1.py路由映射

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'articles/', views.special),  #表示接收全局的路由分发,做路由映射,映射到views下的special函数处理
    ]

    views.py逻辑处理

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special(request):
        return render(request,'index.html')   #向用户显示一个html页面

    路由映射第三个参数,额外传参,字典方式,逻辑处理函数以参数方式接收字典键

    路由映射

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'articles/', views.special,{'anme':1234})     #路由映射第三个参数,额外传参,字典方式,逻辑处理函数以参数方式接收字典键
    ]

    逻辑处理

    from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def special(request,anme):
        print(anme)                           #接收路由映射的额外传参字典的键
        return render(request,'index.html')   #向用户显示一个html页面

    注意:如果额外参数,如果写在全局的路由分发里,那么这个路由分发下的所有路由映射函数都可以获取到

    路由映射第四个参数,给路由映射的路径取一个别名,这个别名代指的就是路由映射路径,

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app1 import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'articles/', views.special,{'anme':1234},name='luj')     #路由映射第三个参数,额外传参,字典方式,逻辑处理函数以参数方式接收字典键
    ]

    最终url控制器流程图

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/adc8868/p/7140439.html
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