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  • android网络编程

    • 通过浏览器查看Tomcat服务器中的图片

    1、将要查看的图片dd.jpg存放到Tomcat的webapps/ROOT/目录下

    2、启动服务器

    3、打开浏览器,输入:http://172.23.7.240:8080/dd.jpg

    • 网络图片查看器(带有缓存功能)
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
     2 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     3     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     4     android:id="@+id/activity_main"
     5     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     6     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     7     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
     8     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
     9     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    10     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    11     tools:context="com.ahu.lichang.scannetpicture.MainActivity">
    12 
    13     <Button
    14         android:onClick="scan"
    15         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    16         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    17         android:text="查看网络图片(带缓存功能)" />
    18     <ImageView
    19         android:id="@+id/iv"
    20         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    21         android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    22 </RelativeLayout>
    View Code

      1、主线程不能被阻塞,所有很多的耗时操作都不能放在主线程中运行,否则会发生ANR异常(application not response)。

      2、刷新UI界面的代码只能运行在主线程中,运行在子线程中是没有任何效果的。     如果需要在子线程总刷新UI,那么就要使用消息队列机制。

      1 package com.ahu.lichang.scannetpicture;
      2 
      3 import android.app.Activity;
      4 import android.graphics.Bitmap;
      5 import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
      6 import android.os.Bundle;
      7 import android.os.Handler;
      8 import android.os.Message;
      9 import android.view.View;
     10 import android.widget.ImageView;
     11 import android.widget.Toast;
     12 
     13 import java.io.File;
     14 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
     15 import java.io.InputStream;
     16 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
     17 import java.net.URL;
     18 
     19 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
     20     private ImageView iv;
     21     Handler handler = new Handler(){
     22         //此方法在主线程中调用,用来刷新UI
     23         @Override
     24         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
     25             switch (msg.what){
     26                 case 1:
     27                     iv.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) msg.obj);
     28                     break;
     29                 case 0:
     30                     Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"请求失败!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     31                     break;
     32             }
     33         }
     34     };
     35     @Override
     36     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     37         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     38         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     39         iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv);
     40     }
     41 
     42     /**
     43      * 点击按钮,查看网络图片(有缓存功能)
     44      * @param v
     45      */
     46     public void scan(View v){
     47         //图片的地址
     48         final String path = "http://172.23.4.91:8080/dd.jpg";
     49         final File file = new File(getCacheDir(),getFileName(path));
     50         //判断是否有图片缓存
     51         if(file.exists()){
     52             System.out.println("从缓存中获取。。。");
     53             //有缓存,直接从缓存中获取
     54             Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath());
     55             iv.setImageBitmap(bm);
     56         }else{
     57             System.out.println("从网络下载。。。");
     58             //没有缓存,就从网络上下载
     59             //网络下载是个耗时操作,需在线程中完成
     60             new Thread(){
     61                 @Override
     62                 public void run() {
     63                     try {
     64                         URL url = new URL(path);
     65                         //获取连接对象,但还没建立连接
     66                         HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
     67                         //设置连接超时
     68                         conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
     69                         //设置读取超时
     70                         conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
     71                         //设置请求方法,必须大写
     72                         conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
     73                         //建立连接,发送GET请求
     74                         conn.connect();
     75                         //如果响应吗为200,说明请求服务器成功
     76                         if(conn.getResponseCode() == 200){
     77                             //获取服务器响应头中的流,流中的数据就是客户端请求的数据
     78                             InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
     79                             //读取流里的数据,并写入到本地缓存起来
     80                             FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
     81                             byte[] b = new byte[1024];
     82                             int len = 0;
     83                             while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
     84                                 fos.write(b,0,len);
     85                             }
     86                             fos.close();
     87 
     88                             Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath());
     89                             //发送消息
     90                             Message msg = new Message();
     91                             msg.obj = bm;
     92                             msg.what = 1;
     93                             handler.sendMessage(msg);
     94                         }else{
     95                             //请求服务器失败
     96                             Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
     97                             msg.what = 0;
     98                             handler.sendMessage(msg);
     99                         }
    100                     } catch (Exception e) {
    101                         e.printStackTrace();
    102                     }
    103                 }
    104             }.start();
    105         }
    106     }
    107 
    108     /**
    109      * 根据地址,截取图片的名称
    110      * @param path
    111      * @return
    112      */
    113     private String getFileName(String path) {
    114         int index = path.lastIndexOf("/");
    115         return path.substring(index + 1);
    116     }
    117 }
    View Code

      要添加权限

    1     <!--添加网络权限-->
    2     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

     

    • 消息处理机制

    消息处理机制的原理:

      所有使用UI界面的操作系统,后台都运行着一个死循环,在不停地监听和接受用户发出的指令,一旦接受指令就立即执行。

      当我们的Android应用程序的进程一创建的时候,系统就给这个进程提供了一个Looper(轮询器),Looper是一个死循环,它内部维护着一个消息队列,Looper不停地从消息队列中取消息,取到消息就发送给Handler,最后Handler根据接收到的消息去修改UI。

      主线程创建时,消息队列和轮询器对象就会被创建,但是消息处理器对象,需要使用时,自行创建。

    步骤:

    1、在主线程中创建Handler

    2、在线程中得到handler的引用,调用发送消息的方法

    3、handler执行handlerMessage方法去西湖里消息,并修改UI界面

    • HTML源文件查看器
     1 package com.ahu.lichang.scanhtml;
     2 
     3 import android.os.Bundle;
     4 import android.os.Handler;
     5 import android.os.Message;
     6 import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
     7 import android.view.View;
     8 import android.widget.TextView;
     9 
    10 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    11 import java.io.InputStream;
    12 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    13 import java.net.URL;
    14 
    15 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    16 
    17     private TextView tv;
    18     Handler handler = new Handler(){
    19         @Override
    20         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    21             tv.setText((String)msg.obj);
    22         }
    23     };
    24     @Override
    25     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    26         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    27         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    28         tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
    29     }
    30     public void scan(View view){
    31         new Thread(){
    32             @Override
    33             public void run() {
    34                 String path = "http://172.23.4.91:8080/baidu.html";
    35                 try {
    36                     URL url = new URL(path);
    37                     HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    38                     connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
    39                     connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
    40                     connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
    41                     connection.connect();
    42                     if(connection.getResponseCode() == 200){
    43                         InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
    44                         /**
    45                          * 要将字节流中的内容转换成字符串
    46                          */
    47                         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    48                         byte[] b = new byte[1024];
    49                         int len = 0;
    50                         while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
    51                             baos.write(b,0,len);
    52                         }
    53                         /**
    54                          * 注意转换的时候乱码的处理:
    55                          *          默认情况下是utf-8
    56                          *          也可以手动指定码表:text = new String(baos.toByteArray(),"gb2312");
    57                          */
    58                         String text  = new String(baos.toByteArray());
    59                         Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
    60                         msg.obj = text;
    61                         handler.sendMessage(msg);
    62                     }
    63                 } catch (Exception e) {
    64                     e.printStackTrace();
    65                 }
    66             }
    67         }.start();
    68     }
    69 }
    View Code

     

    • 使用GET方式向服务器端提交数据

    1、把需要提交的参数组拼到URL地址的后面:http://192.168.22.136:8080/web/servlet/LoginServlet?username=123&password=1233
    缺点:
      1、提交数据的长度有限制:最大长度4kb,windows中提交数据时最大长度为1kb;
      2、不安全
    优点:代码简单

     1 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
     2 
     3     @Override
     4     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     5         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     6         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     7     }
     8 
     9     Handler handler = new Handler(){
    10         public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
    11             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();
    12         }
    13     };
    14     
    15     public void click(View v){
    16         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
    17         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
    18         
    19         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
    20         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
    21         
    22         Thread t = new Thread(){
    23             @Override
    24             public void run() {
    25                 //提交的数据需要经过url编码,英文和数字编码后不变
    26                 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    27                 String path = "http://192.168.13.13/Web2/servlet/LoginServlet?name=" + URLEncoder.encode(name) + "&pass=" + pass;
    28                 
    29                 try {
    30                     URL url = new URL(path);
    31                     HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    32                     conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    33                     conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
    34                     conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
    35                     
    36                     if(conn.getResponseCode() == 200){
    37                         InputStream is =conn.getInputStream();
    38                         String text = Utils.getTextFromStream(is);
    39                         
    40                         Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
    41                         msg.obj = text;
    42                         handler.sendMessage(msg);
    43                     }
    44                 } catch (Exception e) {
    45                     e.printStackTrace();
    46                 }
    47             }
    48         };
    49         t.start();
    50             
    51     }
    52 
    53 }
    View Code
    • 使用POST方式向服务器端提交数据(重点)

    业务场景:
        1、用户登录
        2、文件上传

    1、设置请求头信息POST、Content-Type、Content-Length:

      conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
      //必须添加的两个请求头信息
      conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", data.length()+"");
      conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

    2、设置把数据提交到服务器端:
      //设置允许打开post请求的流
      conn.setDoOutput(true);
      //把数据写到服务器端
      conn.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());

    缺点:

      1、代码复杂
    优点:

      1、安全;
      2、提交大量的数据

     1 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
     2 
     3     @Override
     4     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     5         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     6         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     7     }
     8 
     9     Handler handler = new Handler(){
    10         public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
    11             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();
    12         }
    13     };
    14     
    15     public void click(View v){
    16         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
    17         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
    18         
    19         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
    20         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
    21         
    22         Thread t = new Thread(){
    23             @Override
    24             public void run() {
    25                 //提交的数据需要经过url编码,英文和数字编码后不变
    26                 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    27                 String path = "http://192.168.13.13/Web2/servlet/LoginServlet";
    28                 
    29                 try {
    30                     URL url = new URL(path);
    31                     HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    32                     conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
    33                     conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
    34                     conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
    35                     
    36                     //拼接出要提交的数据的字符串
    37                     String data = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode(name) + "&pass=" + pass;
    38                     //添加post请求的两行属性
    39                     conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    40                     conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", data.length() + "");
    41                     
    42                     //设置打开输出流
    43                     conn.setDoOutput(true);
    44                     //拿到输出流
    45                     OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
    46                     //使用输出流往服务器提交数据
    47                     os.write(data.getBytes());
    48                     if(conn.getResponseCode() == 200){
    49                         InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
    50                         String text = Utils.getTextFromStream(is);
    51                         
    52                         Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
    53                         msg.obj = text;
    54                         handler.sendMessage(msg);
    55                     }
    56                 } catch (Exception e) {
    57                     e.printStackTrace();
    58                 }
    59             }
    60         };
    61         t.start();    
    62         
    63     }
    64 
    65 }
    View Code
    • HttpClient(发送GET请求和POST请求)
      1 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
      2 
      3     Handler handler = new Handler(){
      4         @Override
      5         public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
      6             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();
      7         }
      8     };
      9     @Override
     10     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     11         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     12         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     13     }
     14 
     15 
     16     public void get(View v){
     17         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
     18         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
     19         
     20         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
     21         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
     22         
     23         Thread t = new Thread(){
     24             @Override
     25             public void run() {
     26                 String path = "http://192.168.13.13/Web/servlet/CheckLogin?name=" + URLEncoder.encode(name) + "&pass=" + pass;
     27                 //使用httpClient框架做get方式提交
     28                 //1.创建HttpClient对象
     29                 HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
     30                 
     31                 //2.创建httpGet对象,构造方法的参数就是网址
     32                 HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(path);
     33                 
     34                 //3.使用客户端对象,把get请求对象发送出去
     35                 try {
     36                     HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
     37                     //拿到响应头中的状态行
     38                     StatusLine sl = hr.getStatusLine();
     39                     if(sl.getStatusCode() == 200){
     40                         //拿到响应头的实体
     41                         HttpEntity he = hr.getEntity();
     42                         //拿到实体中的内容,其实就是服务器返回的输入流
     43                         InputStream is = he.getContent();
     44                         String text = Utils.getTextFromStream(is);
     45                         
     46                         //发送消息,让主线程刷新ui显示text
     47                         Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
     48                         msg.obj = text;
     49                         handler.sendMessage(msg);
     50                     }
     51                 } catch (Exception e) {
     52                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     53                     e.printStackTrace();
     54                 }
     55             }
     56         };
     57         t.start();
     58         
     59     }
     60     
     61     public void post(View v){
     62         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
     63         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
     64         
     65         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
     66         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
     67         
     68         Thread t = new Thread(){
     69             @Override
     70             public void run() {
     71                 String path = "http://192.168.13.13/Web/servlet/CheckLogin";
     72                 //1.创建客户端对象
     73                 HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
     74                 //2.创建post请求对象
     75                 HttpPost hp = new HttpPost(path);
     76                 
     77                 //封装form表单提交的数据
     78                 BasicNameValuePair bnvp = new BasicNameValuePair("name", name);
     79                 BasicNameValuePair bnvp2 = new BasicNameValuePair("pass", pass);
     80                 List<BasicNameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();
     81                 //把BasicNameValuePair放入集合中
     82                 parameters.add(bnvp);
     83                 parameters.add(bnvp2);
     84                 
     85                 try {
     86                     //要提交的数据都已经在集合中了,把集合传给实体对象
     87                     UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters, "utf-8");
     88                     //设置post请求对象的实体,其实就是把要提交的数据封装至post请求的输出流中
     89                     hp.setEntity(entity);
     90                     //3.使用客户端发送post请求
     91                     HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hp);
     92                     if(hr.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
     93                         InputStream is = hr.getEntity().getContent();
     94                         String text = Utils.getTextFromStream(is);
     95                         
     96                         //发送消息,让主线程刷新ui显示text
     97                         Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
     98                         msg.obj = text;
     99                         handler.sendMessage(msg);
    100                     }
    101                 } catch (Exception e) {
    102                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    103                     e.printStackTrace();
    104                 }
    105             }
    106         };
    107         t.start();
    108         
    109     }
    110 }
    View Code
    •  异步HttpClient框架(发送GET请求和发送POST请求)AsyncHttpClient
     1 public class MainActivity extends Activity {
     2 
     3     @Override
     4     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
     5         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
     6         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
     7     }
     8 
     9 
    10     public void get(View v){
    11         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
    12         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
    13         
    14         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
    15         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
    16         String url = "http://192.168.13.13/Web/servlet/CheckLogin?name=" + URLEncoder.encode(name) + "&pass=" + pass;
    17         //创建异步httpclient
    18         AsyncHttpClient ahc = new AsyncHttpClient();
    19         
    20         //发送get请求提交数据
    21         ahc.get(url, new MyResponseHandler());
    22     }
    23     
    24     public void post(View v){
    25         EditText et_name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_name);
    26         EditText et_pass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_pass);
    27         
    28         final String name = et_name.getText().toString();
    29         final String pass = et_pass.getText().toString();
    30         String url = "http://192.168.13.13/Web/servlet/CheckLogin";
    31         
    32         //创建异步httpclient
    33         AsyncHttpClient ahc = new AsyncHttpClient();
    34         
    35         //发送post请求提交数据
    36         //把要提交的数据封装至RequestParams对象
    37         RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
    38         params.add("name", name);
    39         params.add("pass", pass);
    40         ahc.post(url, params, new MyResponseHandler());
    41     }
    42     
    43     class MyResponseHandler extends AsyncHttpResponseHandler{
    44 
    45         //请求服务器成功时,此方法调用
    46         @Override
    47         public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers,
    48                 byte[] responseBody) {
    49             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, new String(responseBody), 0).show();
    50             
    51         }
    52 
    53         //请求失败此方法调用
    54         @Override
    55         public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers,
    56                 byte[] responseBody, Throwable error) {
    57             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "请求失败", 0).show();
    58             
    59         }
    60         
    61     }
    62     
    63 }
    View Code

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ahu-lichang/p/6588467.html
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