Struts2与ServletAPI解耦

什么是与Servlet API解耦？

为了避免与servlet API耦合在一起，方便Action做单元测试，

Struts2对HttpServletRequest，HttpSession，和ServletContext进行了封装，构造了3个Map对象来替代这三个对象，在Action中可以直接使用HttpServletRequest，HttpSession，ServletContext对应的Map对象来保存和读取数据。

两种解耦方式：

1、    使用Struts2提供的工具类中提供的静态方法，得到对用的封装后对象。

　　

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ContextAction extends ActionSupport {

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public String test() throws Exception{
        System.out.println("ContextAction ****** test()");
        
        HttpServletRequest request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
        request.setAttribute("username","username_request");
        
        HttpServletResponse response=ServletActionContext.getResponse();
        
        Map sessionMap=ServletActionContext.getContext().getSession();
        sessionMap.put("username", "username_session");
        
        ServletContext sc=ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
        sc.setAttribute("username", "username_application");
        
        return "attr";
    }
}

2、    Action实现ServletRequestAware，ServletResponseAware，ServletContextAware，SessionAware四个接口，分别重写对应的set方法，达到操作该4个封装后对象。

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class Context02Action extends ActionSupport 
    implements ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware,ServletContextAware,SessionAware{

    HttpServletRequest request;
    HttpServletResponse response;
    ServletContext context;
    Map<String, Object> sessionMap;
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public String test() throws Exception{
        System.out.println("ContextAction ****** test()");
        
        HttpServletRequest request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
        request.setAttribute("username","username_request");
        
        HttpServletResponse response=ServletActionContext.getResponse();
        
        Map sessionMap=ServletActionContext.getContext().getSession();
        sessionMap.put("username", "username_session");
        
        ServletContext sc=ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
        sc.setAttribute("username", "username_application");
        
        return "attr";
    }

    public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
        this.sessionMap=session;
    }

    public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
        this.context=context;
        
    }

    public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
        this.response=response;
    }

    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        this.request=request;
        
    }
}

两种方式没有好坏之分，全凭个人喜好！

其他代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>

     <package name="context" namespace="/context" extends="struts-default">
         <action name="contextAction_test" class="cn.itcast.context.ContextAction" method="test">
             <result name="success">/context/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="attr">/context/attr.jsp</result>
         </action>
         <action name="contextAction02_test" class="cn.itcast.context.Context02Action" method="test">
             <result name="success">/context/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="attr">/context/attr.jsp</result>
         </action>
     </package>
    
</struts>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'test.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/context/contextAction_test.do">textContext</a><br/>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/context/contextAction02_test.do">testContext</a><br/>
  </body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'success.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    xxxxxxxxxxxxxx<br/>
  </body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'attr.jsp' starting page</title>
    
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    ${requestScope.username }<br/>
    ${sessionScope.username }<br/>
    ${applicationScope.username }
  </body>
</html>