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  • C# Base64编码/解码

    一、编码规则
          Base64编码的思想是是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组。以3个字节为一组。按顺序排列24 位数据,再把这24位数据分成4组,即每组6位。再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数,也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加1到2个 “=”。

    例:将对ABC进行BASE64编码:


    1、首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值。A(65)B(66)C(67);
    2、再取二进制值A(01000001)B(01000010)C(01000011);
     3、然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来(010000010100001001000011);
    4、 再以6位为单位分成4个数据块,并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值,(00010000)(00010100)(00001001)(00000011),其中蓝色部分为真实数据;
     5、再把这四个字节数据转化成10进制数得(16)(20)(9)(3);
     6、最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符(Q)(U)(J)(D),这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。

    注:BASE64字符表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/

    二、解码规则
          解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。

    三、C#中的实现

    编码类:

    /// <summary>
        /// Base64编码类。
        /// 将byte[]类型转换成Base64编码的string类型。
        /// </summary>
        public class Base64Encoder
        {
            byte[] source;
            int length, length2;
            int blockCount;
            int paddingCount;
            public static Base64Encoder Encoder = new Base64Encoder();

            public Base64Encoder()
            {
            }

            private void init(byte[] input)
            {
                source = input;
                length = input.Length;
                if ((length % 3) == 0)
                {
                    paddingCount = 0;
                    blockCount = length / 3;
                }
                else
                {
                    paddingCount = 3 - (length % 3);
                    blockCount = (length + paddingCount) / 3;
                }
                length2 = length + paddingCount;
            }

            public string GetEncoded(byte[] input)
            {
                //初始化
                init(input);

                byte[] source2;
                source2 = new byte[length2];

                for (int x = 0; x < length2; x++)
                {
                    if (x < length)
                    {
                        source2[x] = source[x];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        source2[x] = 0;
                    }
                }

                byte b1, b2, b3;
                byte temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[blockCount * 4];
                char[] result = new char[blockCount * 4];
                for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
                {
                    b1 = source2[x * 3];
                    b2 = source2[x * 3 + 1];
                    b3 = source2[x * 3 + 2];

                    temp1 = (byte)((b1 & 252) >> 2);

                    temp = (byte)((b1 & 3) << 4);
                    temp2 = (byte)((b2 & 240) >> 4);
                    temp2 += temp;

                    temp = (byte)((b2 & 15) << 2);
                    temp3 = (byte)((b3 & 192) >> 6);
                    temp3 += temp;

                    temp4 = (byte)(b3 & 63);

                    buffer[x * 4] = temp1;
                    buffer[x * 4 + 1] = temp2;
                    buffer[x * 4 + 2] = temp3;
                    buffer[x * 4 + 3] = temp4;

                }

                for (int x = 0; x < blockCount * 4; x++)
                {
                    result[x] = sixbit2char(buffer[x]);
                }


                switch (paddingCount)
                {
                    case 0: break;
                    case 1: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '='; break;
                    case 2: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '=';
                        result[blockCount * 4 - 2] = '=';
                        break;
                    default: break;
                }
                return new string(result);
            }
            private char sixbit2char(byte b)
            {
                char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{
                      'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
                     'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
                     'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
                     'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
                     '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};

                if ((b >= 0) && (b <= 63))
                {
                    return lookupTable[(int)b];
                }
                else
                {

                    return ' ';
                }
            }

        }


    解码类:

    /// <summary>
        /// Base64解码类
        /// 将Base64编码的string类型转换成byte[]类型
        /// </summary>
        public class Base64Decoder
        {
            char[] source;
            int length, length2, length3;
            int blockCount;
            int paddingCount;
            public static Base64Decoder Decoder = new Base64Decoder();

            public Base64Decoder()
            {
            }

            private void init(char[] input)
            {
                int temp = 0;
                source = input;
                length = input.Length;

                for (int x = 0; x < 2; x++)
                {
                    if (input[length - x - 1] == '=')
                        temp++;
                }
                paddingCount = temp;

                blockCount = length / 4;
                length2 = blockCount * 3;
            }

            public byte[] GetDecoded(string strInput)
            {
                //初始化
                init(strInput.ToCharArray());

                byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
                byte[] buffer2 = new byte[length2];

                for (int x = 0; x < length; x++)
                {
                    buffer[x] = char2sixbit(source[x]);
                }

                byte b, b1, b2, b3;
                byte temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;

                for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
                {
                    temp1 = buffer[x * 4];
                    temp2 = buffer[x * 4 + 1];
                    temp3 = buffer[x * 4 + 2];
                    temp4 = buffer[x * 4 + 3];

                    b = (byte)(temp1 << 2);
                    b1 = (byte)((temp2 & 48) >> 4);
                    b1 += b;

                    b = (byte)((temp2 & 15) << 4);
                    b2 = (byte)((temp3 & 60) >> 2);
                    b2 += b;

                    b = (byte)((temp3 & 3) << 6);
                    b3 = temp4;
                    b3 += b;

                    buffer2[x * 3] = b1;
                    buffer2[x * 3 + 1] = b2;
                    buffer2[x * 3 + 2] = b3;
                }

                length3 = length2 - paddingCount;
                byte[] result = new byte[length3];

                for (int x = 0; x < length3; x++)
                {
                    result[x] = buffer2[x];
                }

                return result;
            }

            private byte char2sixbit(char c)
            {
                char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{  
                     'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N',
                     'O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y', 'Z',
                     'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n',
                     'o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
                     '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};
                if (c == '=')
                    return 0;
                else
                {
                    for (int x = 0; x < 64; x++)
                    {
                        if (lookupTable[x] == c)
                            return (byte)x;
                    }

                    return 0;
                }

            }
        }
        //解码类结束



    提示:

    上面的代码只是说明base64编码的原理,以便用更多语言重写。但.net里面可以使用更简单的方法:
    编码:

    byte[] bytes=Encoding.Default.GetBytes("要转换的字符串");
    Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);

    解码:

    //"ztKwrsTj"是“我爱你”的base64编码
    byte[] outputb = Convert.FromBase64String("ztKwrsTj");
    string orgStr= Encoding.Default.GetString(outputb);



    完!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aiqingqing/p/4410020.html
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