Python+Excel随机试卷及答案生成程序

一、背景

本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从试题库中面抽取试题，生成的试卷每一份都不一样。

二、准备工作

1.安装Python3

下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

2.安装库

pip install python-docx==0.8.10

pip install xlrd==1.2.0

3.试题库.xlsx

开发程序前需要先收集试题，本文是将试题收集存放到Excel表中(如果题量比较大，可以存放到数据库中)，格式如下：

选择题：

填空题/解答题/综合题：

三、代码

Test_question.py

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import random,xlrd,os
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches,Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Inches

def get_xlsx(sheet):
    "获取指定Excel数据"
    excel_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '软件测试试题库.xlsx')  # 获取用例文件路径
    file = xlrd.open_workbook(excel_path)                                   # 打开excel
    list = []
    sheet = file.sheet_by_name(sheet)                                       # 获得指定sheet数据
    row_value1 =sheet.row_values(0)                                         # 获取第1行的标题
    nrows = sheet.nrows                                                     # 获取当前sheet行数
    ncols = sheet.ncols                                                     # 获取当前sheet列数
    for i in range(1, nrows):                                               # 从第2行遍历当前sheet
        row = sheet.row_values(i)                                           # 获取行数据
        dict = {}                                                           # 创建空字典
        for j in range(0, ncols):                                           # 遍历sheet列，组成字典
            if row_value1[j] == '序号':
                dict[row_value1[j]] = int(row[j])
            else:
                dict[row_value1[j]] = row[j]                                # 从第一列开始，将每一列的数据与第1行的数据组成一个键值对，形成字典
        list.append(dict)                                                   # 将字典添加list中
    return list

def router_docx(choice1,choice2,choice3,choice5,choice6,choice7,paper_path,name):
    "生成网络通信方向试题及答案"
    docx1 = Document()
    docx2 = Document()
    docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                                 #选择字体
    docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')  #默认字体
    docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                                #默认字号大小
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)             #默认段前间距
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)              #默认段后间距
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE   #默认单倍行距
    sec = docx1.sections[0]                                                  # sections对应文档中的“节”
    sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                                              # 设置左页面边距
    sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                                             #设置右页面边距
    sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                                             # 设置上页面边距
    sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                                          #设置下页面边距

    p=docx1.add_paragraph()                                                  #添加段落
    run = p.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)' % name)                      #使用add_run添加文字
    run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                                                 #设置字体
    run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')                  #设置字体
    run.font.size = Pt(18)                                                   #字体大小设置
    p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER                 #段落文字居中设置
    docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                                            # 添加段落文字
    docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
    docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
    q=docx2.add_paragraph()                                                  #添加段落
    run = q.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)                   #使用add_run添加文字
    run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                                                 #设置字体
    run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')                  #设置字体
    run.font.size = Pt(18)                                                   #字体大小设置
    q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER                 #段落文字居中设置

    p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                                #设置段前间距
    docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
    run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
    run.bold = True                                                          # 字体加粗
    list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
    x=1
    for y in list1:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                            #段后间距
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
    x=1
    for y in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                           
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5)
    x=1
    for y in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                    
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
    run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
    run.bold = True
    list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
    i = 1
    for j in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j]['题目'])
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j]['答案']))
        i += 1

    p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
    run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
    run.bold = True
    list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
    n = 1
    for m in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph('
')
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m]['答案'])
        n += 1

    p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
    run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
    run.bold = True
    list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1)
    docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice7[list4]['题目'])
    docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4]['答案'])

    docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题(%s).docx' % name))              #保存试题
    docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题答案(%s).docx' % name))           #保存答案

def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name):
    """生成智能终端方向的试题"""
    docx1 = Document()
    docx2 = Document()
    docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'                                        #选择字体
    docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')         #默认字体
    docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)                                       #默认字号大小
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)                    #默认段前间距
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)                     #默认段后间距
    docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE   #默认单倍行距
    sec = docx1.sections[0]                                                         # sections对应文档中的“节”
    sec.left_margin = Inches(1)                                                     # 设置左页面边距
    sec.right_margin = Inches(1)                                                    #设置右页面边距
    sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)                                                    # 设置上页面边距
    sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)                                                 #设置下页面边距

    p=docx1.add_paragraph()                                                         #添加段落
    run = p.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)' % name)                             #使用add_run添加文字
    run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                                                        #设置字体
    run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')                         #设置字体
    run.font.size = Pt(18)                                                          #字体大小设置
    p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER                        #段落文字居中设置
    docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')                                                   # 添加段落文字
    docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
    docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
    q = docx2.add_paragraph()                                                       # 添加段落
    run = q.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)                          # 使用add_run添加文字
    run.font.name = '微软雅黑'                                                        # 设置字体
    run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')                         # 设置字体
    run.font.size = Pt(18)                                                          # 字体大小设置
    q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER                        # 段落文字居中设置

    p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)                                       #设置段前间距
    docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
    run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
    run.bold = True                                                                 # 字体加粗
    list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
    x=1
    for y in list1:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                                  #段后间距
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
    x=1
    for y in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                  
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5)
    x=1
    for y in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y]['选项A'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y]['选项B'])
        docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y]['选项C'])
        p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y]['选项D'])
        p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)                   
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y]['答案'])
        x+=1

    p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
    run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
    run.bold = True
    list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
    i = 1
    for j in list2:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j]['题目'])
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j]['答案']))
        i += 1

    p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
    run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
    run.bold = True
    list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
    n = 1
    for m in list3:
        docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m]['题目'])
        docx1.add_paragraph('
')
        docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m]['答案'])
        n += 1

    p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
    p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
    docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
    run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
    run.bold = True
    list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1)
    docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice8[list4]['题目'])
    docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4]['答案'])

    docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题(%s).docx' % name))
    docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题答案(%s).docx' % name))

def main():
    paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '试卷')   #试卷存放路径
    if not os.path.exists(paper_path):
        os.mkdir(paper_path)
    choice1 = get_xlsx('计算机基础')                                                 #从excel中获得试题
    choice2 = get_xlsx('测试基础')
    choice3 = get_xlsx('选择题(网络通信)')
    choice4 = get_xlsx('选择题(智能终端)')
    choice5 = get_xlsx('填空题')
    choice6 = get_xlsx('简答题')
    choice7 = get_xlsx('综合题(网络通信)')
    choice8 = get_xlsx('综合题(智能终端)')
    for i in range(1,4):                                                           #同时生成3份试卷及答案
        router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i)
        android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()