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  • SLR(1)分析法分析过程

    对下列文法,用SLR(1)分析法对任意输入的符号串进行分析:

    (1)S->E

    (2)E->E+T

    (3)E->T

    (4)T->T*F

    (5)T->F

    (6)F->(E)

    (7)F->i

    设计思想

    (1)总控程序,也可以称为驱动程序。对所有的LR分析器总控程序都是相同的。

    (2)分析表或分析函数,不同的文法分析表将不同,同一个文法采用的LR分析器不同时,分析表将不同,分析表又可以分为动作表(ACTION)和状态转换(GOTO)表两个部分,它们都可用二维数组表示。

    (3)分析栈,包括文法符号栈和相应的状态栈,它们均是先进后出栈。

    分析器的动作就是由栈顶状态和当前输入符号所决定。

    • LR分析器由三个部分组成:
    • 其中:SP为栈指针,S[i]为状态栈,X[i]为文法符号栈。状态转换表用GOTO[iX]=j表示,规定当栈顶状态为i,遇到当前文法符号为X时应转向状态jX为终结符或非终结符。
    • ACTION[ia]规定了栈顶状态为i时遇到输入符号a应执行。动作有四种可能:

    (1)移进:

    action[ia]= Sj:状态j移入到状态栈,把a移入到文法符号栈,其中i,j表示状态号。

    (2)归约:

    action[ia]=rk:当在栈顶形成句柄时,则归约为相应的非终结符A,即文法中有A- B的产生式,若B的长度为R(|B|=R),则从状态栈和文法符号栈中自顶向下去掉R个符号,即栈指针SP减去R,并把A移入文法符号栈内,j=GOTO[i,A]移进状态栈,其中i为修改指针后的栈顶状态。

    (3)接受acc:

    当归约到文法符号栈中只剩文法的开始符号S时,并且输入符号串已结束即当前输入符是'#',则为分析成功。

    (4)报错:

    当遇到状态栈顶为某一状态下出现不该遇到的文法符号时,则报错,说明输入端不是该文法能接受的符号串。

    源程序

    #include <iostream>

    #include <iomanip>

    #include <cstdlib>

    #include <vector>

    #include <string>

    #include <utility>

    using namespace std;

     

    #define numStates 6

    #define numInputs 3

     

    int t(char);

    int go(char);

     

     

    char terminals[numInputs] = { '(', ')', '$' };

    string table[numStates][numInputs] =

    { // ( ) $

        { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

        { "", "", "a:" },

        { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

        { "", "s:4", "" },

        { "s:2", "r:S~!", "r:S~!" },

        { "", "r:S~(S)S", "r:S~(S)S" }

    };

     

    char nonterminals[1] = { 'S' };

    int gotos[numStates][1] =

    {

        { 1 },

        { -1 },

        { 3 },

        { -1 },

        { 5 },

        { -1 }

    };

     

     

    int main()

    {

        char k;

        const int spacing = 10;

        int state;

        char in;

        string action;

     

        vector < pair < char, int > > stack;

        stack.push_back(make_pair('$', 0));

        cout << "hello, Press Return to step through parse" << endl << endl;

     

        string input = "()()$";

     

        cout << "Enter your input string to recognize: ";

        getline(cin, input);

        input += '$';

     

     

        cout << setfill('=') << left << setw(2 * spacing) << "Stack"

            << setw(2 * spacing) << "Input"

            << setw(2 * spacing) << "Action" << endl << setfill(' ');

     

        while (1)

        {

     

            // Display stack

            cout << endl;

            int u = 0;

            for (u = 0; u<stack.size(); u++)

                cout << stack[u].first << " " << stack[u].second << " ";

            for (; u<7; u++)

                cout << " ";

            for (int u = input.size(); u<spacing; u++)

                cout << " ";

     

            // Display input

            cout << setw(spacing) << input;

     

            // Display the action code to take

            cout << setw(spacing) << left << action;

     

            state = stack.back().second;

     

            in = input[0];

     

            

            action = table[state][t(in)];

     

            // Stepping pause

            cin.get();

     

            cout << "=> ";

     

            // blank/error cell

            if (action == "")

            {

                cout << "ERROR input not accepted" << endl;

                return 0;

            }

     

            // Accepted cell

            else if (action[0] == 'a')

            {

                cout << "INPUT STRING ACCEPTED" << endl;

                return 0;

            }

     

            // Reduction

            else if (action[0] == 'r')

            {

                cout << "Reducing '" << action.substr(4, action.length() - 1)

                    << "' on the stack to " << action[2];

     

     

                

                for (int i = action.length() - 1; i>3; i--)

                {

     

                    if (stack.back().first == action[i])

                        stack.pop_back();

     

     

                    // Epsilons do not consume anything

                    else if (action[i] == '!')

                        continue;

     

     

                    else

                    {

                        cout << "Error in reduce, expected "

                            << stack.back().first << endl;

                        return 0;

                    }

                }

     

                cout << " Then goto state " << gotos[stack.back().second][go(action[2])] << endl;

     

     

                stack.push_back(

                    make_pair(

                    action[2],

                    gotos[stack.back().second][go(action[2])]));

            }

     

     

     

            // Shift

            else if (action[0] == 's')

            {

                cout << "Shifting top of input to stack and moving to state " << action[2] << endl;

     

                stack.push_back(

                    make_pair(

                    input[0],

                    action[2] - 48));

     

                input.erase(0, 1);

            }

        }

     

        return 0;

    }

     

     

    int t(char terminal)

    { // Linear search bad

        for (int i = 0; i<numInputs; i++)

        if (terminals[i] == terminal)

            return i;

        cout << "t(): There was an error in look finding '" << terminal << "' in the table." << endl;

        return -1;

    }

     

    int go(char nterminal)

    { // Linear search bad

        for (int i = 0; i<numInputs; i++)

        if (nonterminals[i] == nterminal)

            return i;

        cout << "go(): There was an error in look finding '" << nterminal << "' in the table." << endl;

        return -1;

    }

    结果

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/aishanyishi/p/10305031.html
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