本文主要分析:三次握手中最后一个ACK段到达时,服务器端的处理路径。
内核版本:3.6
Author:zhangskd @ csdn blog
函数路径
以下是第三次握手时,服务端接收到ACK后的处理路径。
接收入口
1. 状态为ESTABLISHED时,用tcp_rcv_established()接收处理。
2. 状态为LISTEN时,说明这个sock处于监听状态,用于被动打开的接收处理,包括SYN和ACK。
3. 当状态不为ESTABLISHED或TIME_WAIT时,用tcp_rcv_state_process()处理。
int tcp_v4_do_rcv(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) { struct sock *rsk; #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG /* We really want to reject the packet as early as possible if : * We're expecting an MD5'd packet and this is no MD5 tcp option. * There is an MD5 option and we're not expecting one. */ if (tcp_v4_inbound_md5_hash(sk, skb)) goto discard; #endif /* 当状态为ESTABLISHED时,用tcp_rcv_established()接收处理 */ if (sk->sk_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED) { /* Fast path */ struct dst_entry *dst = sk->sk_rx_dst; sock_rps_save_rxhash(sk, skb); if (dst) { if (inet_sk(sk)->rx_dst_ifindex != skb->skb_iif || dst->ops->check(dst, 0) == NULL) { dst_release(dst); sk->sk_rx_dst = NULL; } } /* 连接已建立时的处理路径 */ if (tcp_rcv_established(sk, skb, tcp_hdr(skb), skb->len)) { rsk = sk; goto reset; } return 0; } /* 检查报文长度、报文校验和 */ if (skb->len < tcp_hdrlen(skb) || tcp_checksum_complete(skb)) goto csum_err; /* 如果这个sock处于监听状态,被动打开时的处理,包括收到SYN或ACK */ if (sk->sk_state == TCP_LISTEN) { /* 返回值: * NULL,错误 * nsk == sk,接收到SYN * nsk != sk,接收到ACK */ struct sock *nsk = tcp_v4_hnd_req(sk, skb); /* 接收ACK的处理 */ if (! nsk) goto discard; if (nsk != sk) { /* 接收到ACK时 */ sock_rps_save_rxhash(nsk, skb); if (tcp_child_process(sk, nsk, skb)) { /* 处理新的sock */ rsk = nsk; goto reset; } return 0; } } else sock_rps_save_rx(sk, skb); /* 处理除了ESTABLISHED和TIME_WAIT之外的所有状态 */ if (tcp_rcv_state_process(sk, skb, tcp_hdr(skb), skb->len)) { rsk = sk; goto reset; } return 0; reset: tcp_v4_send_reset(rsk, skb); /* 发送RST包 */ discard: kfree_skb(skb); return 0; csum_err: TCP_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_INERRS); goto discard; }
收到SYN段后,服务器端会分配一个连接请求块,并初始化这个连接请求块。
构造和发送SYNACK段。
然后把这个连接请求块链入半连接队列中,启动超时定时器。
之后如果再收到ACK,就能完成三次握手了。
static struct sock *tcp_v4_hnd_req(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) { struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); const struct iphdr *iph = ip_hdr(skb); struct sock *nsk; struct request_sock **prev; /* 在半连接队列中查找是否已有符合的连接请求块,如果有,则说明这是三次握手的最后一个ACK。*/ struct request_sock *req = inet_csk_search_req(sk, &prev, th->source, iph->saddr, iph->daddr); if (req) return tcp_check_req(sk, skb, req, prev); /* 服务器端处理三次握手的最后一个ACK */ /* 如果在半连接队列中没找到,则在ESTABLISHED状态的哈希表中查找。*/ nsk = inet_lookup_established(sock_net(sk), &tcp_hashinfo, iph->saddr, th->source, iph->daddr, th->dest, inet_iif(skb)); if (nsk) { /* 如果在ehash表中找到对应的sock,且不处于TIME_WAIT状态 */ if (nsk->sk_state != TCP_TIME_WAIT) { bh_lock_sock(nsk); return nsk; } inet_twsk_put(inet_twsk(nsk)); /* 释放tw结构体 */ return NULL; } #ifdef CONFIG_SYN_COOKIES /* 如果使用SYN Cookie,则检查cookie是否合法,合法则直接完成三次握手 */ if (! th->syn) sk = cookie_v4_check(sk, skb, &(IPCB(skb)->opt)); #endif return sk; }
在表示半连接队列的哈希表中,寻找符合条件的连接请求块。
struct request_sock *inet_csk_search_req(const struct sock *sk, struct request_sock ***prevp, const __be16 rport, const __be32 raddr, const __be32 laddr) { const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk); struct listen_sock *lopt = icsk->icsk_accept_queue.listen_opt; /* 半连接队列 */ struct request_sock *req, **prev; /* 通过哈希值,找到哈希桶,然后遍历哈希桶寻找符合条件的连接请求块 */ for(prev = &lopt->syn_table[inet_synq_hash(raddr, rport, lopt->hash_rnd, lopt->nr_table_entries)]; (req = *prev) != NULL; prev = &req->dl_next) { const struct inet_request_sock *ireq = inet_rsk(req); if (ireq->rmt_port == rport && ireq->rmt_addr == raddr && ireq->loc_addr = laddr && AF_INET_FAMILY(req->rsk_ops->family)) { WARN_ON(req->sk); /* 连接尚未建立,sk应该为NULL */ *prevp = prev; /* 保存此req指针的指针 */ break; } } return req; }
第三次握手
inet_csk_search_req()在半连接队列中查找是否已有符合的连接请求块,如果有,则说明这可能是三次握手的最后一个ACK。
接着调用tcp_check_req()来进行验证,如果合法,则完成三次握手。
/* Process an incoming packet for SYN_RECV sockets represented as a request_sock. */ struct sock *tcp_check_req(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, struct request_sock *req, struct request_sock **prev) { struct tcp_options_received tmp_opt; const u8 *hash_location; struct sock *child; const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); __be32 flg = tcp_flag_word(th) & (TCP_FLAG_RST | TCP_FLAG_SYN | TCP_FLAG_ACK); bool paws_reject = false; tmp_opt.saw_tstamp = 0; /* 如果此ACK带有选项 */ if (th->doff > (sizeof(struct tcphdr) >> 2)) { tcp_parse_options(skb, &tmp_opt, &hash_location, 0, NULL); /* 解析TCP选项,保存到实例中 */ if (tmp_opt.saw_tstamp) { tmp_opt.ts_recent = req->ts_recent; /* 客户端发送SYN段的时间 */ /* We do not store true stamp, but it is not required, * it can be estimated (approximately) from another data. */ tmp_opt.ts_recent_stamp = get_seconds() - ((TCP_TIMEOUT_INIT/HZ) << req->retrans); paws_reject = tcp_paws_reject(&tmp_opt, th->rst); /* 检查客户端时间戳是否回绕 */ } } /* Check for pure retransmitted SYN. 处理重传的SYN */ if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn && flg == TCP_FLAG_SYN && ! paws_reject) { /* 重新发送SYNACK。 * 实例为tcp_request_sock_ops,调用tcp_v4_rtx_synack() */ req->rsk_ops->rtx_syn_ack(sk, req, NULL); return NULL; } /* 如果接收段包含ACK标志,但确认序号不对,则返回监听sock。 * 然后在tcp_v4_do_rcv()中发送RST段。 */ if ((flg & TCP_FLAG_ACK) && (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq != tcp_rsk(req)->snt_isn + 1 + tcp_s_data_size(tcp_sk(sk)))) return sk; /* 如果发生了回绕,或者接收序号不在接收窗口内 */ if (paws_reject || ! tcp_in_window(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1, tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1 + req->rcv_wnd)) { /* Out of window: send ACK and drop. */ if (! (flg & TCP_FLAG_RST)) /* 发送ACK段。 * 实例为tcp_request_sock_ops,调用tcp_v4_reqsk_send_ack() */ req->rsk_ops->send_ack(sk, skb, req); if (paws_reject) NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_PAWSESTABREJECTED); return NULL; } /* In sequence, PAWS is ok. */ if (tmp_opt.saw_tstamp && ! after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1)) req->ts_recent = tmp_opt.rcv_tsval; /* 保存ACK段的时间戳 */ if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq == tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn) { /* Truncate SYN, it is out of window starting at tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1 */ flg &= ~TCP_FLAG_SYN; } if (flg & (TCP_FLAG_RST | TCP_FLAG_SYN)) { TCP_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_ATTEMPTFAILS); goto embryonic_reset; } /* ACK sequence verified above, just make sure ACK is set. * If ACK not set, just silently drop the packet. */ if (! (flg & TCP_FLAG_ACK)) return NULL; /* 如果设置了TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT选项,则不接收纯ACK,等待有负荷的数据包到达后, * 再建立连接。直接丢弃纯ACK。 */ if (req->retrans < inet_csk(sk)->icsk_accept_queue.rskq_defer_accept && TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq == tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1) { inet_rsk(req)->acked = 1; NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPDEFERACCEPTDROP); return NULL; } if (tmp_opt.saw_tstamp && tmp_opt.rcv_tsecr) tcp_rsk(req)->snt_synack = tmp_opt.rcv_tsecr; else if (req->retrans) /* don't take RTT sample if retrans && ~TS */ tcp_rsk(req)->snt_synack = 0; /* OK, ACK is valid, create big socket and feed this segment to it. * This segment must move socket to established state. If it will be dropped * after socket is created, wait for troubles. */ /* 三次握手完成以后,调用tcp_v4_syn_recv_sock()创建和初始化一个新的传输控制块 */ child = inet_csk(sk)->icsk_af_ops->syn_recv_sock(sk, skb, req, NULL); if (child == NULL) goto listen_overflow; inet_csk_reqsk_queue_unlink(sk, req, prev); /* 把连接请求块从半连接队列中删除 */ inet_csk_reqsk_queue_removed(sk, req); /* 更新半连接队列的长度,如果为0,则删除定时器 */ /* 把完成三次握手的连接请求块,和新的sock关联起来,并把它移入全连接队列中 */ inet_csk_reqsk_queue_add(sk, req, child); return child; listen_overflow: /* tcp_abort_on_overflow表示全连接队列满了,是给客户端发RST段,还是默默丢弃 */ if (! sysctl_tcp_abort_on_overflow) { inet_rsk(req)->acked = 1; return NULL; } embryonic_reset: NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_EMBRYONICRSTS); if (! (flg & TCP_FLAG_RST)) /* 实例为tcp_request_sock_ops,调用tcp_v4_send_reset()。*/ req->rsk_ops->send_reset(sk, skb); /* 把连接请求块从半连接队列中删除,更新半连接队列 */ inet_csk_reqsk_queue_drop(sk, req, prev); return NULL; }
是否发生了回绕。
static inline bool tcp_paws_reject(const struct tcp_options_received *rx_opt, int rst) { if (tcp_paws_check(rx_opt, 0)) return false; /* ACK段包含RST标志 */ if (rst && get_seconds() >= rx_opt->ts_recent_stamp + TCP_PAWS_MSL) return false; return true; }
检查客户端的时间戳是否合法。
要求客户端发送SYN的时间戳 <= 客户端重传SYN的时间戳 、客户端发送ACK的时间戳。
static inline bool tcp_paws_check(const struct tcp_options_received *rx_opt, int paws_win) { if ((s32) (rx_opt->ts_recent - rx_opt->rcv_tsval) <= paws_win) return true; /* 重传时间超过24天?*/ if (unlikely(get_seconds() >= rx_opt->ts_recent_stamp + TCP_PAWS_24DAYS)) return true; /* Some OSes send SYN and SYNACK messages with tsval = 0 tsecr = 0, * then following tcp messages have valid values. Ignore 0 value, or else 'negative' * tsval might forbid us to accept their packets. */ if (! rx_opt->ts_recent) return true; return false; }
检查序号是否合法。
/* @seq:接收段的序号。 * @end_seq:接收段的结束序号。 * @s_win:接收窗口的起始序号。 * @e_win:接收窗口的结束序号。 */ static bool tcp_in_window(u32 seq, u32 end_seq, u32 s_win, u32 e_win) { if (seq == s_win) return true; if (after(end_seq, s_win) && before(seq, e_win)) return true; return seq == e_win && seq == end_seq; }
连接请求块操作
request_sock_ops为处理连接请求块的函数指针表,对于TCP,它的实例为tcp_request_sock_ops。
struct request_sock_ops tcp_request_sock_ops __read_mostly = { .family = PF_INET, .obj_size = sizeof(struct tcp_request_sock), .rtx_syn_ack = tcp_v4_rtx_synack, /* 重传SYNACK段 */ .send_ack = tcp_v4_reqsk_send_ack, /* 发送ACK段 */ .destructor = tcp_v4_reqsk_destructor, .send_reset = tcp_v4_send_reset, /* 发送RST段 */ .syn_ack_timeout = tcp_syn_ack_timeout, /* SYNACK段超时处理 */ };
(1) 重传SYNACK段
static int tcp_v4_rtx_synack(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req, struct request_values *rvp) { TCP_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_RETRANSSEGS); return tcp_v4_send_synack(sk, NULL, req, rvp, 0, false); }
我们在上一篇中已分析过tcp_v4_send_synack(),它主要用于构造和发送SYNACK段。
(2) 发送ACK段
在tcp_check_req()中,如果接收到的ACK段时间戳不合法、或者序号不在接收窗口内,且不含RST标志,
则需要给客户端发送一个ACK。
static void tcp_v4_reqsk_send_ack(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb, struct request_sock *req) { tcp_v4_send_ack(skb, tcp_rsk(req)->snt_isn + 1, tcp_rsk(req)->rcv_isn + 1, req->rcv_wnd, req->ts_recent, 0, tcp_md5_do_lookup(sk, (union tcp_md5_addr *) &ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, AF_INET), inet_rsk(req)->no_srccheck ? IP_REPLY_ARG_NOSRCCHECK : 0, ip_hdr(skb)->tos); }
static void tcp_v4_send_ack(struct sk_buff *skb, u32 seq, u32 ack, u32 win, u32 ts, int oif, struct tcp_md5sig_key *key, int reply_flags, u8 tos) { const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); struct { struct tcphdr th; __be32 opt[(TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED >> 2) #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG + (TCPOLEN_MD5SIG_ALIGNED >> 2) #endif ]; } rep; struct ip_reply_arg arg; struct net *net = dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev); memset(&rep.th, 0, sizeof(struct tcphdr)); memset(&arg, 0, sizeof(arg)); arg.iov[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &rep; arg.iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(rep.th); if (ts) { /* 时间戳 */ rep.opt[0] = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) | (TCPOPT_NOP << 16) | (TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP << 8) | TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP); rep.opt[1] = htonl(tcp_time_stamp); rep.opt[2] = htonl(ts); arg.iov[0].iov_len += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED; } /* Swap the send and the receive. */ rep.th.dest = th->source; rep.th.source = th->dest; rep.th.doff = arg.iov[0].iov_len / 4; rep.th.seq = htonl(seq); rep.th.ack_seq = htonl(ack); rep.th.ack = 1; rep.th.window = htons(win); #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG if (key) { int offset = (ts) ? 3 : 0; rep.opt[offset++] = htonl((TCPOPT_NOP << 24) | (TCPOPT_NOP << 16) | (TCPOPT_MD5SIG << 8) | TCPOLEN_MD5SIG); arg.iov[0].iov_len += TCPOLEN_MD5SIG_ALIGNED; rep.th.doff = arg.iov[0].iov_len / 4; tcp_v4_md5_hash_addr((__u8 *) &rep.opt[offset], key, ip_hdr(skb)->saddr, ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, &rep.th); } #endif arg.flags = reply_flags; arg.csum = csum_tcpudp_nofold(ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, ip_hdr(skb)->saddr, arg.iov[0].iov_len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0); /* 累加伪首部 */ arg.csumoffset = offsetof(struct tcphdr, check) / 2; if (oif) arg.bound_dev_if = oif; arg.tos = tos; /* 调用IP层函数,发送此ACK段 */ ip_send_unicast_reply(net, skb, ip_hdr(skb)->saddr, ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, &arg, arg.iov[0].iov_len); TCP_INC_STATS_BH(net, TCP_MIB_OUTSEGS); }
struct ip_reply_arg { struct kvec iov[1]; int flags; __wsum csum; int csumoffset; /* u16 offset of csum in iov[0].iov_base */ int bound_dev_if; u8 tos; }; struct kvec { void *iov_base; size_t iov_len; };
(3) 发送RST段
检测到对端异常时,发送RST段。
static void tcp_v4_send_reset(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb) { const struct tcphdr *th = tcp_hdr(skb); struct { struct tcphdr th; #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG __be32 opt[(TCPOLEN_MD5SIG_ALIGNED >> 2) ]; #endif } rep; struct ip_reply_arg arg; /* 数据报的控制信息 */ #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG struct tcp_md5sig_key *key; const __u8 *hash_location = NULL; unsigned char newhash[16]; int genhash; struct sock *sk1 = NULL; #endif struct net *net; /* Never send a reset in response to a reset. */ if (th->rst) return; if (skb_rtable(skb)->rt_type != RTN_LOCAL) return; /* Swap the send and the receive. */ memset(&rep, 0, sizeof(rep)); rep.th.dest = th->source; rep.th.source = th->dest; rep.th.doff = sizeof(struct tcphdr) / 4; rep.th.rst = 1; if (th->ack) { rep.th.seq = th->ack_seq; } else { rep.th.ack = 1; rep.th.ack_seq = htonl(ntohl(th->seq) + th->syn + th->fin + skb->len - (th->doff << 2)); } memset(&arg, 0, sizeof(arg)); arg.iov[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &rep; arg.iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(rep.th); #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG /* 此处省略MD5选项的处理 */ ... #endif arg.csum = csum_tcpudp_nofold(ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, ip_hdr(skb)->saddr, arg.iov[0].iov_len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0); arg.csumoffset = offsetof(struct tcphdr, check) / 2; arg.flags = (sk && inet_sk(sk)->transparent) ? IP_REPLY_ARG_NOSRCCHECK : 0; /* When socket is gone, all binding information is lost. * routing might fail in this case. No choice here, if we choose to force input interface, * we will misroute in case of asymmetric route. */ if (sk) arg.bound_dev_if = sk->sk_bound_dev_if; net = dev_net(skb_dst(skb)->dev); arg.tos = ip_hdr(skb)->tos; /* 调用IP层函数发送 */ ip_send_unicast_reply(net, skb, ip_hdr(skb)->saddr, ip_hdr(skb)->daddr, &arg, arg.iov[0].iov_len); TCP_INC_STATS_BH(net, TCP_MIB_OUTSEGS); TCP_INC_STATS_BH(net, TCP_MIB_OUTRSTS); #ifdef CONFIG_TCP_MD5SIG /* 省略MD5处理 */ ... #endif }
(4) 析构函数
释放request_sock实例前调用。
/* IPv4 request_sock destructor. */ static void tcp_v4_reqsk_destructor(struct request_sock *req) { kfree(inet_rsk(req)->opt); /* 释放IP选项实例 */ }
(5) 超时处理函数
不是真正的SYNACK超时处理函数,简单更新下统计变量。
void tcp_syn_ack_timeout(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req) { NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS); }