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  • Yocto开发笔记之《U-boot启动内核流程》(QQ交流群:519230208)

    QQ群:519230208,为避免广告骚扰,申请时请注明 “开发者” 字样

    ========================================================

    执行命令

    u-boot# env default -f -a; setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.100;setenv serverip 192.168.0.107;setenv image zImage;setenv fdt_file zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb;setenv rootfsinfo 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:/tftpboot/imx6ulevk.rootfs,v3,tcp';setenv bootcmd_net 'run rootfsinfo; dhcp ${image}; dhcp ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}; bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}';setenv bootcmd 'run bootcmd_net'

    出现错误

    CPU:   Freescale i.MX6UL rev1.0 at 396 MHz
    CPU:   Temperature 38 C
    Reset cause: POR
    Board: MX6UL 14x14 EVK
    I2C:   ready
    DRAM:  512 MiB
    MMC:   FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1
    Display: TFT43AB (480x272)
    Video: 480x272x24
    In:    serial
    Out:   serial
    Err:   serial
    switch to partitions #0, OK
    mmc1 is current device
    Net:   FEC1
    Normal Boot
    Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
    BOOTP broadcast 1
    DHCP client bound to address 192.168.0.105 (3 ms)
    Using FEC1 device
    TFTP from server 192.168.0.107; our IP address is 192.168.0.105
    Filename 'zImage'.
    Load address: 0x80800000
    Loading: #################################################################
             #################################################################
             #################################################################
             #################################################################
             #################################################################
             #################################################################
             ########################
             885.7 KiB/s
    done
    Bytes transferred = 6070432 (5ca0a0 hex)
    BOOTP broadcast 1
    DHCP client bound to address 192.168.0.105 (3 ms)
    Using FEC1 device
    TFTP from server 192.168.0.107; our IP address is 192.168.0.105
    Filename 'zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb'.
    Load address: 0x83000000
    Loading: ###
             364.3 KiB/s
    done
    Bytes transferred = 34342 (8626 hex)
    Kernel image @ 0x80800000 [ 0x000000 - 0x5ca0a0 ]
    Wrong Ramdisk Image Format
    Ramdisk image is corrupt or invalid

    修改为(Thanks tony):

    U-boot# setenv serverip 192.168.0.107; setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200 debug root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:/nfsroot/rootfs,v3,tcp
    dhcp 0x80800000 zImage; dhcp 0x83000000 zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb; bootz 0x80800000 - 0x83000000

    # 注释
    # setenv serverip 192.168.0.107;  // 设置服务器地址
    # setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200 debug root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:/nfsroot/rootfs,v3,tcp // boot属性,串口显示log,配置nfs加载rootfs
    # dhcp 0x80800000 zImage; // 设置zImage的加载地址
    #
    dhcp 0x83000000 zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb; // 设置dtb文件的加载地址
    # bootz 0x80800000 - 0x83000000 // 开始加载地址段之间的内容到内存

    以下代码可以从tftp加载zImage和zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb,但加载rootfs时出错,错误log 

    cpu cpu0: dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count: device OPP not found (-19)
    gpio_dvfs: disabling
    VSD_3V3: disabling
    can-3v3: disabling
    regulator-dummy: disabling
    imx mcc test is registered.
    snvs_rtc 20cc034.snvs-rtc-lp: setting system clock to 2015-08-19 02:41:11 UTC (1439952071)
    IP-Config: Failed to open eth0
    IP-Config: Failed to open eth1
    IP-Config: No network devices available
    ALSA device list:
      #0: wm8960-audio
    VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
    VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(2,0): error -6
    Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
    1f00           32768 mtdblock0  (driver?)
    b300        15339520 mmcblk1  driver: mmcblk
      b301            8192 mmcblk1p1 a9d0174c-01
      b302          851968 mmcblk1p2 a9d0174c-02
    Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
    random: nonblocking pool is initialized

    初步断定是nfs服务器加载失败, 先设置从sd卡中加载rootfs,可以正常启动:

    setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 debug ip=dhcp root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait rw'

    进入系统后网卡无法正常打开

    root@imx6ulevk:/usr/games# ifconfig eth0 up  
    ifconfig: SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such device

    查看系统信息

    # dmesg | grep eth -C 5

    ===================================================================================================


    常用命令备忘

    # env default -f -a   // 恢复默认设置
    # saveenv  // 保存设置到长期存储emmc,否则掉电设置失效
    # help or ? // 查看帮助信息
    # print // 打印当前环境信息
    # setenv ethaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx  // 因为要上网,如果网卡没有mac地址,随便搞个mac地址
    # setenv ethaddr 00.01.02.03.04.05

    =================================================================================================== 

    boot四大件儿

      Bootloader (U-boot);  // 如果没有指定boot设备,默认从SD/MMC启动;

                 // MFGTool可以把u-boot image烧写到任何所有设备,

                 // 可以通过dd命令把u-boot image烧写到sdcard

                 // 通过u-boot命令行可以把u-boot image 烧写到其他设备

      Linux kernel image(zImage);  // 所有I.MX的板子可以用同一套zImage

      A device tree file (.dtb) for the board being used   // 适配不同的硬件pin和软件配置文件,专门做适配的一个东东;

                                 // 注意在选择上有个LDO bypass区别,硬件和系统工程师注意

      A root file system(rootfs) for the particular system image  // busybox, common libraries

    ========================================================

    SD卡启动

    先准备一张4G卡,如果您有钱用8G也没关系,只不过会有4G浪费不见了,有更多空间需求也可以自己适配。

    可以通过一个命令一次烧写四大件儿,XXX.sdcard这个文件都包含了,简单方便。

    也可以分批次一个一个烧写四大件儿,灵活。

    Table 1. Image layout

    Start address (sectors)

    Size (sectors)

    Format

    Description

    0x400 bytes (2)

    0x9FFC00 bytes (20478)

    RAW

    U-Boot and reserved area

    0xa00000 bytes (20480)

    500 Mbytes (1024000)

    FAT

    Kernel zImage and DTBs

    0x25800000 bytes (1228800)

    Remaining space

    Ext3/Ext4

    Rootfs

    准备第一次烧写:

      $ cat /proc/partitions   // 找到自己sd卡的盘符,别找错了,不然可能毁掉你的操作系统

      $ sudo dd if=<.sdcard image> of=/dev/sdx bs=1M conv=fsync   // 替换到属于你的.sdcard image和u盘盘符

    .sdcard image 这个东西很牛逼,已经对sdcard分好了区,如果你想分开烧写四大件,你就得自己分区了:

      $ sudo umount /dev/sdx     // 先卸掉设备

      $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdx   // 进入磁盘分区程序,别怕费事儿,按顺序把下边儿命令敲了吧

        p         [lists the current partitions]
        d         [to delete existing partitions.  Repeat this until no unnecessary partitions
    
                    are reported by the 'p' command to start fresh.]
    
        u         [switch the unit to sectors instead of cylinders]
        n         [create a new partition]
        p         [create a primary partition - use for both partitions]
        1         [the first partition]
        20480     [starting at offset sector]
        1024000   [size for the first partition to be used for the boot images]
        p         [to check the partitions]
    
        n
        p
        2
        1228800   [starting at offset sector, which leaves enough space for the kernel,
    
                       the bootloader and its configuration data]
        <enter>   [using the default value will create a partition that extends to
    
                       the last sector of the media]
        p         [to check the partitions]
    
        w         [this writes the partition table to the media and fdisk exits]
    

    拷贝四大件儿

      内容太多,就不一一拷贝了,参考文档《i.MX_Linux_User's_Guide.pdf》

    ========================================================

    从NFS启动系统

    setenv serverip 192.168.0.107
    setenv consoleinfo 'console=ttymxc0,115200'
    setenv displayinfo 'video=mxcfb0:dev=hdmi,1920x1080M@60,if=RGB24'
    setenv loadaddr 0x80800000 setenv fdt_addr 0x83000000 setenv fdt_file 'zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb'
    setenv special 'uart_from_osc'
    setenv rootfsinfo 'root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:/nfsroot/rootfs,v3,tcp'
    setenv bootargsset 'setenv bootargs ${consoleinfo} ${rootfsinfo} ${displayinfo} ${special}'
    setenv bootcmd_net 'run rootfsinfo bootargsset; dhcp ${image}; dhcp ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}; bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}'
    setenv bootcmd 'run bootcmd_net'
    -------------------------
    setenv ipaddr 192.168.2.xxx
    setenv serverip 192.168.2.xxx    
    setenv bootfile uImage   
    setenv nfsroot /home/carmili/ltib/rootfs
    setenv bootargs_base 'setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200'
    setenv bootargs_nfs 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs rw ip=${ipaddr }{serverip }:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0::eth0ff nfsroot=${serverip}{nfsroot},v3,tcp
    setenv bootcmd_net 'run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs;bootm'
    setenv bootcmd 'tftpboot uImage; run bootcmd_net'
    -------------------------
    U-Boot > setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.100
    U-Boot > setenv serverip 192.168.0.107
    U-Boot > setenv image zImage
    U-Boot > setenv fdt_file zImage-imx6ul-14x14-evk.dtb
    U-Boot > setenv rootfsinfo 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:/tftpboot/imx6ulevk.rootfs,v3,tcp'
    U-Boot > setenv bootcmd_net 'run rootfsinfo; dhcp ${image}; dhcp ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}; bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}'
    U-Boot > setenv bootcmd 'run bootcmd_net'

    从SD卡启动

    U-Boot > setenv mmcpart 1
    U-Boot > setenv loadfdt 'fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}'
    U-Boot > setenv loadkernel 'fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${loadaddr} zImage'
    U-Boot > setenv bootcmd 'mmc dev ${mmcdev}; run loadkernel; run mmcargs; run loadfdt; bootz $ {loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr};'

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alanfang/p/5055498.html
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