前提会使用linux
master:192.168.70.101
slave:192.168.70.100
1，本文章使用的mysql版本如下：
[root@oracle mysql]# rpm -qa|grep MySQL
MySQL-server-community-5.1.56-1.rhel5
MySQL-client-community-5.1.56-1.rhel5
MySQL-devel-community-5.1.56-1.rhel5
接着在两台主机上，用rpm -ivh “rpm包”安装软件包。
然后修改mysql数据库的密码为'mysql';
2，登陆mysql数据库
[root@oracle mysql]# mysql -uroot -pmysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.1.56-community-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
在master上创建用户repl;
mysql>create user repl;
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.70.101' identified by 'repl';
在master上my.cnf配置如下：
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
port=3306
innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index=master-bin.index
sync_binlog = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_support_xa = 1
binlog_format = row
default-storage-engine=innobase
character-set-server=utf8
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
slow_query_log=on
log_error=/var/lib/mysql/master_server.err
sql_mode=strict_trans_tables
log-slow-admin-statements
log-queries-not-using-indexes
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/master_slow_log.log
在slave的my.cnf中配置如下：
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
port=3306
user=mysql
default-storage-engine=innodb
default-table-type=innodb
innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:15m:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/var/lib/mysql/innodb_log/
server-id=3
log_slave_updates=1
read_only=on
skip_slave_start
log-bin=slave-bin
relay_log=slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
binlog_format = row
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
character-set-server=utf8
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
slow_query_log=on
log_queries_not_using_indexes=1
sql_mode=strict_trans_tables
log-slow-admin-statements
log-queries-not-using-indexes
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/slave_slow_log.log
在master上产看，
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 | 106 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在slave上使用change master to命令将slave指向master。然后使用start slave命令启动复制。
mysql> change master to
->master_host='192.168.70.101',
->master_port=3306,
->master_user='repl',
->master_password='repl',
->master_log_file='master-bin.000003',
->master_log_pos=106;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.70.101
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 252
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes ---成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ---成功
flush logs命令强制轮换二进制日志，从而可以得到完整的二进制日志文件。
使用show binlog events in 'master-bin.000004(二进制日志)'\G;
检查二进制日志里有哪些事件
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000004'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Log_name: master-bin.000004
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 2
End_log_pos: 106
Info: Server ver: 5.1.56-community-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Log_name: master-bin.000004
Pos: 106
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 2
End_log_pos: 200
Info: use `test`; create table tb1(text char(10))
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Log_name: master-bin.000004
Pos: 200
Event_type: Rotate
Server_id: 2
End_log_pos: 244
Info: master-bin.000005;pos=4
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//克隆MASTER
[root@server picture]# mysqldump -uroot -pmysql --host=192.168.70.101 --all-databases --master-data=1 > backup-source.sql
--master-data=1选项mysqldump写change master to 语句，且参数为二进制日志文件及其位置。
然后在slave上恢复备份：
[root@server picture]#mysql -uroot -pmysql --host=192.168.70.100 < backup-source.sql
//克隆SLAVE
//清除Binlog日志
服务器自动清理旧的binlog文件，需设置expire-logs-days选项，这个选项可以作为服务器变量。如果服务重启后，不受影响，需要在my.cnf设置。
使用purge binary log命令手工清除binlog文件。格式如下：
1，purge binary log before datatime
将清除在给定时间之前的所有文件。
2,purge binary logs to 'filename'
将清除在给定文件之前的所有文件。
//默认情况下，由slave执行的事件没有被记录到二进制日志中，如果这个slave是master的一个备份，这时会出现问题。
在my.cnf添加log-slave-updates，以确保来自于master并被执行的语句会被写入slave的二进制日志中。
切换基本思路：为了让slave赶上备份服务器，并在正确的位置停止，使用start slave until命令。
slave>start slave until master_log_file='master-bin-000006',master_log_pos=700;
slave>select master_pos_wait('master-bin-000006',700);