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  • [Linux]-Debian10基础使用

    第1章 Debian10安装

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    第2章 Debian10基本配置

    1.网卡配置

    debian所有的网卡都在一个配置文件里,这点和Centos7不一样

    root@debian:~# grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/network/interfaces  
    source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    allow-hotplug eth0
    
    auto eth0
    iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.0.20
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 10.0.0.2
    

    重启网卡命令

    systemctl restart  networking.service
    

    2.SSH配置

    默认Debian不允许root远程登录,必须通过修改SSH配置文件才可以使用root远程登录。

    root@debian:~# grep "PermitRootLogin" /etc/ssh/sshd_config     
    #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
    PermitRootLogin yes
    

    重启sshd

    systemctl restart sshd
    

    3.配置APT源

    Debian10直有清华源,阿里源只提供到Debian9

    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/
    

    配置命令

    cp /etc/apt/sources.list /opt/
    cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
    EOF
    

    更新缓存

    注意: 在Centos7里update是更新系统,在Debian里是更新软件源

    apt update
    

    4.命令别名

    Debian默认没有配置常用的命令别名,rm也不会有提示,需要的话可以手动打开注释

    root@debian:~# cat ~/.bashrc 
    # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
    
    # Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
    # need this unless you want different defaults for root.
    # PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}h:w$ '
    # umask 022
    
    # You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
    # export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
    # eval "`dircolors`"
    alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
    alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
    alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
    
    # Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
    alias rm='rm -i'
    alias cp='cp -i'
    alias mv='mv -i'
    

    第3章 Debian10软件操作

    1.apt-get和apt命令

    等同于Centos7的yum命令
    apt-get是第一代的包管理工具,最稳定
    apt是改进的包管理工具,比apt-get要先进
    官方推荐使用apt来管理软件
    

    2.常用命令汇总

    apt install package
    apt remove package
    apt --reinstall install package
    

    3.查找软件

    apt-cache search nginx
    

    4.本地软件包管理

    等同于Centos7的RPM命令

    dpkg -S sshd
    dpkg -s sshd
    dpkg -l ssh
    dpkg -s *.deb
    dpkg -i *.deb
    dpkg -r package
    dpkg -P package
    

    第4章 Debian10用户管理

    1.创建用户

    Centos7和Debian使用useradd命令的区别,以下面的命令举例:

    useradd zhangya
    

    这条命令在Debian下不会做如下几件事

    1.不会创建家目录
    2.默认shell是/bin/sh
    3.而/bin/sh默认是软连接到/bin/dash解释器
    /bin/sh -> dash
    

    如果需要创建这些内容则必须指定参数

    useradd -m -s /bin/bash zhangya
    

    2.免交互创建密码

    Debian的passwd命令没有--stdin选项,要想免交互,使用chpasswd

    echo "root:123456"|chpasswd
    

    第5章 应用举例

    1.Debian10安装Docker环境

    清华源网址

    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/docker-ce/
    

    安装命令

    apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io
    apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common -y
    curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg |apt-key add -
    add-apt-repository 
       "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian 
       $(lsb_release -cs) 
       stable"
    apt-get update
    apt-get install docker-ce
    

    2.Debian10使用kubeadm安装k8s

    #使用iptables
    update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
    update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
    update-alternatives --set arptables /usr/sbin/arptables-legacy
    update-alternatives --set ebtables /usr/sbin/ebtables-legacy
    
    #设置仓库源
    cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list <<EOF
    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
    EOF
    curl -s https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
    apt-get update
    
    #安装kubeadm
    apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl ipvsadm
    
    #配置参数
    cat > /etc/default/kubelet <<'EOF'
    KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
    KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--fail-swap-on=false"
    EOF
    
    #设置内核参数
    cat >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
    EOF
    sysctl --system
    
    #启动服务
    systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
    
    #加载ipvs模块
    modprobe -- ip_vs
    modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
    modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
    modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
    modprobe -- nf_conntrack
    
    #查看模块
    lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv
    
    #初始化安装master节点
    kubeadm init 
    --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.20 
    --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers 
    --kubernetes-version v1.20.0 
    --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 
    --pod-network-cidr=10.2.0.0/16 
    --service-dns-domain=cluster.local 
    --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap 
    --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alaska/p/14141992.html
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