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  • 【12c-安装篇】Oracle 12c软件安装

    一 软件环境

    • VirtualBox 5.2
    • Oracle Linux 6.5
    • Oracle 12.2.0.1

    二 安装Oracle软件

    1 内存要求

    安装Oracle 12c,内存至少是1GB,建议在2GB以上。

    2 SWAP和内存关系

    • 1G~2G:1.5倍内存
    • 2G~16G:等于内存
    • >16G:16G

    3 磁盘空间要求

    企业版:至少7.5GB

    标准版2:至少7.5GB

    4 设置主机名称

    [root@strong ~]# vim /etc/hosts   --添加下面一行记录
    192.168.56.102 strong.oracle.com

    5 配置网络地址(已配置则不须配置

    [root@strong ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
    HWADDR=08:00:27:57:D5:37
    TYPE=Ethernet
    BOOTPROTO=none
    IPADDR=192.168.56.102
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=192.168.56.1
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
    IPV6INIT=no
    NAME=eth0
    UUID=8cba21ce-4059-4d18-a766-022194011e41
    ONBOOT=yes
    LAST_CONNECT=1531314941

    6 配置本地YUM源(安装Linux时已配置,这里不必配置)

    配置本地YUM源,为安装Oracle 12c所需的rpm做准备

    [root@strong ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
    mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
    [root@strong ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# ll
    total 8
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  109 Jul 11 21:22 packagekit-media.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2545 May  4 08:24 public-yum-ol6.repo
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# mv packagekit-media.repo packagekit-media.repo.bak
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# mv public-yum-ol6.repo public-yum-ol6.repo.bak
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# vim server.repo
    
    [server]
    name=Oracle Linux
    baseurl=file:///mnt/
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
    Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security
    Cleaning repos: server
    Cleaning up Everything
    [root@strong yum.repos.d]# yum list

    7 安装Oracle 12c所需的Package

    下面的Packages时安装Oracle 12c所需的,利用yum install 进行安装。

    bc
    binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 (x86_64)
    compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
    compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
    compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
    e2fsprogs-1.41.12-14.el6 (x86_64)
    e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-14.el6 (x86_64)
    glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
    glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
    glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
    glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
    ksh
    libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
    libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
    libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
    libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
    libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
    libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
    libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
    libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
    libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
    libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
    libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
    libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
    libX11-1.5.0-4.el6 (i686)
    libX11-1.5.0-4.el6 (x86_64)
    libXau-1.0.6-4.el6 (i686)
    libXau-1.0.6-4.el6 (x86_64)
    libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6 (i686)
    libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6 (x86_64)
    libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
    libXi-1.3 (i686)
    make-3.81-19.el6
    net-tools-1.60-110.el6_2.x86_64 (for Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware)
    nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.0.1 (for Oracle ACFS)
    sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
    smartmontools-5.43-1.el6.x86_64

    或者利用下面的方式进行安装:

    yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc* gcc gcc-c++* glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc libaio libaio-devel make elfutils-libelf-devel sysstat

    8 创建Oracle用户和组

    1)安装组

    [root@strong ~]# groupadd oinstall

    2)标准组

    [root@strong ~]# groupadd dba
    [root@strong ~]# groupadd oper

    3)扩展组

    backupdba、dgdba、kmdba、racdba

    4)用户

    [root@strong ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
    [root@strong ~]# passwd oracle
    Changing password for user oracle.
    New password: 
    Retype new password: 
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

    9 配置内核参数

    [root@strong ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf --增加以下内容
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
    [root@strong ~]# sysctl -p --使参数生效
    [root@strong ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    oracle          soft    nproc  2047
    oracle          hard    nproc  16384
    oracle          soft    nofile  1024
    oracle          hard    nofile  65536

    10 创建目录

    [root@strong ~]# mkdir /u01/app
    [root@strong ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
    [root@strong ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/

    11 配置Oracle用户环境变量

    [root@strong ~]# su - oracle  --切换至Oracle用户
    [oracle@strong ~]$ vim .bash_profile  --增加以下内容
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
    export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
    [oracle@strong ~]$ . .bash_profile 
    [oracle@strong ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID 
    orcl

    12 准备Oracle数据库软件

    1)创建目录存放Oracle软件

    [oracle@strong ~]$ mkdir /u01/soft

    2)上传Oracle安装软件(略)

    3)查看/u01/soft目录

    [oracle@strong ~]$ cd /u01/soft/
    [oracle@strong soft]$ ll -h
    total 3.3G
    -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3.3G Jul 11 22:12 linuxx64_12201_database.zip

    4)解压缩Oracle数据库软件

    [oracle@strong soft]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

    5)查看解压后的文件

    [oracle@strong soft]$ ll -h
    total 3.3G
    drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jan 27  2017 database
    -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3.3G Jul 11 22:12 linuxx64_12201_database.zip

    三 Oracle软件安装

    1 在root下执行

    [root@strong ~]# xhost +

    2 切换到下面目录进行安装

    [oracle@strong ~]$ cd /u01/soft/database/
    [oracle@strong database]$ ll
    total 36
    drwxr-xr-x.  4 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 26  2017 install
    drwxrwxr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 26  2017 response
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 26  2017 rpm
    -rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall 8771 Jan 26  2017 runInstaller
    drwxrwxr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 26  2017 sshsetup
    drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Jan 26  2017 stage
    -rwxr-xr-x.  1 oracle oinstall  500 Feb  7  2013 welcome.html
    [oracle@strong database]$ ./runInstaller

    3 安装详细步骤

    1)配置安全更新页,输入Email和My Oracle Support Password,在此去掉勾选,点击Next;

    2)在选择安装选项页,有三种选项,在此选择Install database software only,并点击Next进入下一页;

    3)在数据库安装选项页,选择Single instance database installation,并点击Next进入下一页;

    4)在选择数据库版本页,选择Enterprise Edition,点击Next;

    5)在指定安装位置页,默认,并点击Next;

    6)在创建安装库位置,默认,并点击Next;

    7)在授权的操作系统组页,默认,并点击Next;

    注:由于没有配置扩展组,故除dba和oper外,其他都默认为dba组。

    8)在执行先决条件检查页,检查通过出现概要页,点击Install;

    9)在安装产品页,进行软件安装;

    安装快结束时出现执行root脚本页面,执行root脚本;

    注:务必在root用户下执行,并在执行完毕后点击OK。

    [root@strong ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

    Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

    Adding read,write permissions for group.

    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

    Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

    The execution of the script is complete.

    [root@strong ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

    Performing root user operation.

    The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

    Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

    Creating /etc/oratab file...

    Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

    Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

    Finished running generic part of root script.

    Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

    Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :

    Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - User Mode) is available at :

    /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/bin/tfactl

    OR

    Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - Daemon Mode) can be installed by running this script :

    /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/install/roottfa.sh

    10)安装完成,点击Close;

    11)完善环境变量配置,完成Oracle 12c软件安装。

    [oracle@strong ~]$ vim .bash_profile --增加以下两行内容

    export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

    export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

    [oracle@strong ~]$ . .bash_profile

    [oracle@strong ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME

    /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

    至此,Oracle数据库软件的安装完成,下面将介绍如何利用Netmgr配置监听和TNS。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alen-liu-sz/p/12975620.html
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