一、准备相关文件
1、准备参数文件。
在DBCA创建数据库的时候都会创建一份默认init.ora文件，同时在创建数据库过程中会在/opt/oracle/admin/ocm/pfile下存在init.ora加序列号文件如下
[oracle@ocmserver pfile]$ ls -lh total 12K -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.4K Jun 24 18:29 init.ora.5242013183739 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.4K Jun 25 18:43 init.ora.525201318482 [oracle@ocmserver pfile]$
不管怎样，自己要拿到一份模板参数文件。内容大体如下：
[oracle@ocmserver pfile]$ more initmydb.ora ############################################################################## # Copyright (c) 1991, 2001, 2002 by Oracle Corporation ############################################################################## ########################################### # Cache and I/O ########################################### db_block_size=8192 db_file_multiblock_read_count=16 ########################################### # Cursors and Library Cache ########################################### open_cursors=300 ########################################### # Database Identification ########################################### db_domain="" db_name=mydb ########################################### # Diagnostics and Statistics ########################################### background_dump_dest=/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/bdump core_dump_dest=/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/cdump user_dump_dest=/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/udump ########################################### # File Configuration ########################################### control_files=("/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl", "/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl", "/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/control03.ctl") db_recovery_file_dest=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648 ########################################### # Job Queues ########################################### job_queue_processes=10 ########################################### # Miscellaneous ########################################### compatible=10.2.0.1.0 ########################################### # Processes and Sessions ########################################### processes=150 ########################################### # SGA Memory ########################################### sga_target=216006656 ########################################### # Security and Auditing ########################################### audit_file_dest=/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/adump remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE ########################################### # Shared Server ########################################### dispatchers="(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mydbXDB)" ########################################### # Sort, Hash Joins, Bitmap Indexes ########################################### pga_aggregate_target=71303168 ########################################### # System Managed Undo and Rollback Segments ########################################### undo_management=AUTO undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1 [oracle@ocmserver pfile]$
2、准备建库脚本文件
[oracle@ocmserver jack]$ more createdb.sql CREATE DATABASE "mydb" MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 120M REUSE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo01.log') SIZE 512000K, GROUP 2 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo02.log') SIZE 512000K, GROUP 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/mydb/redo03.log') SIZE 512000K ; [oracle@ocmserver jack]$
3、准备相关目录
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/adump mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/bdump mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/cdump mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/dpdump mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/udump mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/mydb
或者
cd /opt/oracle/admin/mydb
mkdir {a,b,c,d,u}dump
mkdir pfile
4、声明变量
export ORACLE_SID=mydb
echo $ORACLE_SID
5、创建密码文件
orapwd file=/opt/oracle/product/dbs/orapwmydb password=abc123
6、登陆并启动数据库到nomount状态
[oracle@ocmserver ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=mydb [oracle@ocmserver ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jun 30 15:40:46 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount pfile=/opt/oracle/admin/ocm/pfile/initmydb.ora ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 218103808 bytes Fixed Size 1218604 bytes Variable Size 71305172 bytes Database Buffers 142606336 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes SQL>
二、实验操作创建mydb
1、调用建库脚本
SQL> @ /opt/oracle/jack/createdb.sql
Database created.
SQL>
2、调用各种脚本创建视图等
@/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql; @/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql; @/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql; @/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql; @/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb; @/opt/oracle/product/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql;
3、执行pupbld.sql
下面的脚本以system的身份登陆执行
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
4、开启监听
netca比较简单，不再复述。手动编辑需要找到模板文件为在/opt/oracle/product/network/admin/samples下
[oracle@ocmserver samples]$ pwd /opt/oracle/product/network/admin/samples [oracle@ocmserver samples]$ ls -lh total 40K -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3.8K Sep 9 1997 listener.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 31K Sep 9 2003 sqlnet.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.9K May 16 2000 tnsnames.ora [oracle@ocmserver samples]$
其中，listener.ora文件内容如下：
[oracle@ocmserver samples]$ more listener.ora # copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation # # NAME # listener.ora # FUNCTION # Network Listener startup parameter file example # NOTES # This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora, # and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting # and changing values. Multiple listeners can be configured # in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form # of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener # this parameter refers to. All parameters and values are # case-insensitive. # <lsnr> # This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and # it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener # us this name in place of <lsnr>. When not specified, # the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default # address value as shown below. # # LISTENER = # (ADDRESS_LIST= # (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)) # (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))) # SID_LIST_<lsnr> # List of services the listener knows about and can connect # clients to. There is no default. See the Net8 Administrator's # Guide for more information. # # SID_LIST_LISTENER= # (SID_LIST= # (SID_DESC= # #BEQUEATH CONFIG # (GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany) # (SID_NAME=sid1) # (ORACLE_HOME=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3) # #PRESPAWN CONFIG # (PRESPAWN_MAX=20) # (PRESPAWN_LIST= # (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1)) # ) # ) # ) # PASSWORDS_<lsnr> # Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener. # Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set. Encrypted passwords # can be set and stored using lsnrctl. # LSNRCTL> change_password # Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both # to match the old password and to set the new one. # LSNRCTL> set password # Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with # the listener. The password must be set before running the next # command. # LSNRCTL> save_config # Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two # steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON. # See below. # # Default: NONE # # PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454 # "foobar" # SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> # Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when # it shuts down. Changed parameter values will be written to the file, # while preserving formatting and comments. # Default: OFF # Values: ON/OFF # # SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON # USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr> # Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself # and its services with Onames. # Values: ON/OFF # Default: OFF # # USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON # LOG_FILE_<lsnr> # Sets the name of the listener's log file. The .log extension # is added automatically. # Default=<lsnr> # # LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr # LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr> # Sets the directory for the listener's log file. # Default: <oracle_home>/network/log # # LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log # TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr> # Specifies desired tracing level. # Default: OFF # Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16 # # TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT # TRACE_FILE_<lsnr> # Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension # is added automatically. # Default: <lsnr> # # TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr # TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr> # Sets the directory for the listener's trace file. # Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace # # TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace # CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr> # Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a # valid database query after it has been started. # Default: 10 # # CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10 [oracle@ocmserver samples]$
其中sqlnet.ora文件
[oracle@ocmserver samples]$ more sqlnet.ora # Copyright (c) 1996, 2003, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. # # NAME # sqlnet.ora # FUNCTION # Oracle Network Client startup parameter file example # NOTES # This file contains examples and instructions for defining all # Oracle Network Client parameters. It should be possible to read # this file and setup a Client by uncommenting parameter definitions # and substituting values. The comments should provide enough # explanation to enable a reasonable user to manage his TNS connections # without having to resort to 'real' documentation. # SECTIONS # ONames Client # Namesctl # Native Naming Adpaters # ... # MODIFIED # ajacobs 09/09/03 - Fix wallet_location parameter # ajacobs 01/20/03 - CyberSafe desupport # ajacobs 09/17/02 - remove crypto_seed # cozhang 03/07/02 - Change connect_time to inbound_connect_time. # mhho 01/15/02 - update sample with new parameter changes # cozhang 12/04/01 - Add params for DoS timout handling # ajacobs 10/23/00 - Remove identix, securid # ajacobs 09/07/00 - Update for Oracle Advanced Security encryption/integ # tclarke 05/26/00 - bug 515765 # jtran 03/24/98 - add radius configuration # skanjila 06/06/97 - Correct default for Automatic_IPC # eminer 05/15/97 - Add the relevant onrsd parameters. # asriniva 04/23/97 - Merge with version from doc # ggilchri 03/31/97 - mods # bvasudev 02/07/97 - Change sqlnet.authentication_services documentation # bvasudev 11/25/96 - Merge sqlnet.ora transport related parameters # asriniva 11/12/96 - Revise with new OSS parameters. # asriniva 11/05/96 - Add ANO parameters. # ____________________________________________________________________ # - ONames Client ---------------------------------------------------- # #names.default_domain = world # #Syntax: domain-name #Default: NULL # # Indicates the domain from which the client most often requests names. When # this parameter is set the default domain name (for example, US.ACME), the # domain name will be automatically appended to any unqualified name in an # ONAmes request (query, register, deregister, etc). Any name which contains # an unescaped dot ('.') will not have the default domain appended. Simple # names may be qualified with a trailing dot (for example 'rootserver.'). # # #names.initial_retry_timeout = 30 # #Syntax: 1-600 seconds #Default: 15 (OSD) # # Determines how long a client will wait for a response from a Names Server # before reiterating the request to the next server in the preferred_servers # list. # # #names.max_open_connections = 3 # #Syntax: 3-64 #Default: ADDRS in preferred_servers # # Determines how many connections an ONames client may have open at one time. # Clients will ordinarily keep connections to servers open once they are # established until the operation (or session in namesctl) is complete. A # connection will be opened whenever needed, and if the maximum would be # exceeded the least recently used connection will be closed. # # #names.message_pool_start_size = 10 # #Syntax: 3-256 #Default: 10 # # Determines the initial number of messages allocated in the client's message # pool. This pool provides the client with pre-allocated messages to be used # for requests to ONames servers. Messages which are in the pool and unused # may be reused. If a message is needed and no free messages are available in # the pool more will be allocated. # # #names.preferred_servers = (address_list = # (address=(protocol=ipc)(key=n23)) # (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=nineva)(port=1383)) # (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=cicada)(port=1575)) # ) # #Syntax: ADDR_LIST #Default: Well-Known (OSD) # # Specifies a list of ONames servers in the client's region; requests will be # sent to each ADDRESS in the list until a response is recieved, or the list # (and number of retries) is exhausted. # # Addresses of the following form specify that messages to the ONames server # should use Oracle Remote Operations (RPC): # # (description = # (address=(protocol=tcp)(host=nineva)(port=1383)) # (connect_data=(rpc=on)) # ) # # # #names.request_retries = 2 # #Syntax: 1-5 #Default: 1 # # Specifies the number of times the client should try each server in the list # of preferred_servers before allowing the operation to fail. # # #names.directory_path # #Syntax: <adapter-name> #Default: TNSNAMES,ONAMES,HOSTNAME # # Sets the (ordered) list of naming adaptors to use in resolving a name. # The default is as shown for 3.0.2 of sqlnet onwards. The default was # (TNSNAMES, ONAMES) before that. The value can be presented without # parentheses if only a single entry is being specified. The parameter is # recognized from version 2.3.2 of sqlnet onward. Acceptable values include: # TNSNAMES -- tnsnames.ora lookup # ONAMES -- Oracle Names # HOSTNAME -- use the hostname (or an alias of the hostname) # NIS -- NIS (also known as "yp") # CDS -- OSF DCE's Cell Directory Service # NDS -- Novell's Netware Directory Service # # - Client Cache (ONRSD) --------------------------------------------- #names.addresses = (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=ONAMES)) # #Syntax: ADDR #Default: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=ONAMES)) # # Address on which the client cache listens (is available to clients). # Any valid TNS address is allowed. The default should be used if at # all possible; clients have this entry hardwired as the first line # of their server-list file (sdns.ora). If the address is set to a # non-default value the client's preferred_servers parameter should # be set to include the client-cache address first. # # #names.authority_required = False # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # Determines whether system querys (for the root etc) require Authoritative # answers. # # #names.auto_refresh_expire = 259200 # #Syntax: Number of seconds, 60-1209600 #Default: 259200 # # This is the amount of time (in seconds) the server will cache the addresses # of servers listed in server-list file (sdns.ora). When this time expires the # server will issue another query to the servers in those regions to refresh # the data. # # #names.auto_refresh_retry = 180 # #Syntax: Number of seconds, 60-3600 #Default: sec. 180 # # This set how often the server will retry when the auto_refresh query fails. # # #names.cache_checkpoint_file = cache.ckp # #Syntax: filename #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/names/ckpcch.ora # # Specifies the name of the operating system file to which the Names Server # writes its foreign data cache. # # #names.cache_checkpoint_interval = 7200 # #Syntax: Number of seconds, 10-259200 #Default: 0 (off) # # Indicates the interval at which a Names Server writes a checkpoint of its # data cache to the checkpoint file. # # #names.default_forwarders= # (FORWARDER_LIST= # (FORWARDER= # (NAME= rootserv1.world) # (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(PORT=42100)(HOST=roothost)))) # #Syntax: Name-Value/address_list #Default: NULL # # A list (in NV form) of the addresses of other servers which should be used to # forward querys while in default_forwarder (slave) mode. NAME is the global # names for the server to which forwards whould be directed, and ADDRESS is its # address. # # #names.default_forwarders_only = True # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # When set to true this server will use the servers listed in default_forwarders # to forward all operations which involve data in foreign regions. Otherwise it # will use the servers defined in the server-list file (sdns.ora) in addition # to any defined in the default_forwarders parameter. # # #names.log_directory = /oracle/network/log # #Syntax: directory #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/log # # Indicates the name of the directory where the log file for Names Server # operational events are written. # # #names.log_file = names.log # #Syntax: filename #Default: names.log # # The name of the output file to which Names Server operational events are # written. # #names.log_stats_interval = 3600 # #Syntax: Number of seconds, 10-ub4max #Default: sec. 0 (off) # #Specifies the number of seconds between statistical entries in log file. # #names.log_unique = False # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # If set to true the server will guarantee that the log file will have a unique # name which will not overwrite any existing files (note that log files are # appended to, so log information will not be lost if log_unique is not true). # #names.max_open_connections = 10 # #Syntax: 3-64 #Default: 10 # # Specifies the number of connections that the Names Server can have open at any # given time. The value is generated as the value 10 or the sum of one # connection for listening, five for clients, plus one for each foreign domain # defined in the local administrative region, whichever is greater. Any # operation which requires the server to open a network connection will use # an already open connection if it is available, or will open a connection # if not. Higher settings will save time and cost network resources; lower # settings save network resources, cost time. # # #names.max_reforwards = 2 # #Syntax: 1-15 #Default: 2 # # The maximum number of times the server will attempt to forward a certain # operation. # # #names.message_pool_start_size = 24 # #Syntax: 3-256 #Default: 10 # # Determines the initial number of messages allocated in the server's message # pool. This pool provides the server with pre-allocated messages to be used # for incoming or outgoing messages (forwards). Messages which are in the pool # and unused may be reused. If a message is needed and no free messages are # available in the pool more will be allocated. # # #names.no_modify_requests = False # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # If set to true, the server will refuse any operations which modify the # data in its region (it will still save foreign info in the cache which is # returned from foreign querys). # # #names.password = 625926683431AA55 # #Syntax: encrypted string #Default: NULL # # If set the server will require that the user provide a password in his # namesctl session (either with sqlnet.ora:namesctl.server_password or 'set # password') in order to do 'sensitive' operations, like stop, restart, reload. # This parameter is generally set in encrypted form, so it can not be set # manually. # #names.reset_stats_interval = 3600 # #Syntax: 10-ub4max #Default: 0 (off) # # Specifies the number of seconds during which the statistics collected by the # Names Servers should accumulate. At the frequency specified, they are reset # to zero. The default value of 0 means never reset statistics. # # #names.trace_directory = /oracle/network/trace # #Syntax: directory #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace # # Indicates the name of the directory to which trace files from a Names Server # trace session are written. # # #names.trace_file = names.trc # #Syntax: filename #Default: names.trc # # Indicates the name of the output file from a Names Server trace session. # # #names.trace_func # NA # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # Internal mechanism to control tracing by function name. # # #names.trace_level = ADMIN # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # #Syntax: {OFF,USER,ADMIN,0-16} #Default: OFF (0) # # Indicates the level at which the Names Server is to be traced. # Available Values: # 0 or OFF - No trace output # 4 or USER - User trace information # 10 or ADMIN - Administration trace information # 16 or SUPPORT - WorldWide Customer Support trace information # # #names.trace_mask = (200,201,202,203,205,206,207) # #Syntax: list of numbers #Default: NULL # # Internal mechanism to control trace behavior. # # #names.trace_unique = True # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # Indicates whether each trace file has a unique name, allowing multiple trace # files to coexist. If the value is set to ON, a process identifier is appended # to the name of each trace file generated. # # # - Namesctl --------------------------------------------------------- # #namesctl.trace_directory = /oracle/network/trace # #Syntax: directory #Default: $ON/trace # # Indicates the name of the directory to which trace files from a namesctl # trace session are written. # # #namesctl.trace_file = namesctl.trc # #Syntax: filename #Default: namesctl.trc # # Indicates the name of the output file from a namesctl trace session. # # #namesctl.trace_func # NA # #Syntax: word list #Default: NULL # # Internal mechanism to control tracing by function name. # # #namesctl.trace_level = ADMIN # #Syntax: {OFF,USER,ADMIN,0-16} #Default: OFF (0) # # Indicates the level at which the namesctl is to be traced. # Available Values: # 0 or OFF - No trace output # 4 or USER - User trace information # 10 or ADMIN - Administration trace information # 16 or SUPPORT - WorldWide Customer Support trace information # # #namesctl.trace_mask # NA # #Syntax: number list #Default: NULL # # Internal mechanism to control trace behavior. # # #namesctl.trace_unique = True # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # Indicates whether each trace file has a unique name, allowing multiple trace # files to coexist. If the value is set to ON, a process identifier is appended # to the name of each trace file generated. # # #namesctl.no_initial_server = False # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # If set to TRUE namesctl will suppress any error messages when namesctl is # unable to connect to a default names server. # # #namesctl.internal_use = True # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # If set to true namesctl will enable a set of internal undocumented commands. # All internal commands are preceded by an underscore ('_') in order to # distinguish them as internal. Without going into details, the commands # enabled are: # # _add_data _create_name _delete_name # _full_status _ireplace_data _newttl_name # _pause _remove_data _rename_name # _replace_data _start _walk* # # There are also a set of names server variables which may be set when # namesctl is in internal mode: # # _authority_required _auto_refresh* # _cache_checkpoint_interval _cache_dump # _default_autorefresh_expire _default_autorefresh_retry # _default_forwarders_only _forwarding_desired # _max_reforwards _modify_ops_enabled # _next_cache_checkpoint _next_cache_flush # _next_stat_log _next_stat_reset # _reload _request_delay # _restart _shutdown # # #namesctl.noconfirm = True # #Syntax: T/F #Default: False # # When set to TRUE namesctl will suppress the confirmation prompt when # sensitive operations (stop, restart, reload) are requested. This is # quite helpful when using namesctl scripts. # # #namesctl.server_password = mangler # #Syntax: string #Default: NULL # # Automatically sets the password for the names server in order to perform # sensitive operations (stop, restart, reload). The password may also be # set manually during a namesctl session using 'set password'. # # #namesctl.internal_encrypt_password = False # #Syntax: T/F #Default: True # # When set to TRUE namesctl will not encrypt the password when it is sent to # the names server. This would enable an unencrypted password to be set in # names.ora:names.server_password # # - Native Naming Adpaters ------------------------------------------- # #names.dce.prefix = /.:/subsys/oracle/names # #Syntax: DCE cell name #Default: /.:/subsys/oracle/names # #Specifies the DCE cell (prefix) to use for name lookup. # # #names.nds.name_context = personnel.acme # #Syntax: NDS name #Default: (OSD?) # # Specifies the default NDS name context in which to look for the name to # be resolved. # # #names.nis.meta_map # NA # # Syntax: filename # Default: sqlnet.maps # # Specifies the file to be used to map NIS attributes to an NIS mapname. # Currently unused. # - Oracle Advanced Security Authentication Adapters ---------------- #sqlnet.authentication_services # # Syntax: A single value or a list from {beq, none, all, kerberos5, # radius, nts} # Default: NONE # # Enables one or more authentication services. If # Oracle Advanced Security has been installed with Kerberos5 # support, using (beq, kerberos5) would enable authentication via # Kerberos. # #sqlnet.authentication_services=(beq, kerberos5) ## ## Parmeters used with Kerberos adapter. ## #sqlnet.kerberos5_cc_name # # Syntax: Any valid pathname. # Default: /tmp/krb5cc_<uid> # # The Kerberos credential cache pathname. # #sqlnet.kerberos5_cc_name=/tmp/mycc #sqlnet.kerberos5_clockskew # # Syntax: Any positive integer. # Default: 300 # # The acceptable difference in the number of seconds between when a # credential was sent and when it was received. # #sqlnet.kerberos5_clockskew=600 #sqlnet.kerberos5_conf # # Syntax: Any valid pathname. # Default: /krb5/krb.conf # # The Kerberos configuration pathname. # #sqlnet.kerberos5_conf=/tmp/mykrb.conf #sqlnet.kerberos5_realms # # Syntax: Any valid pathname # Default: /krb5/krb.realms # # The Kerberos host name to realm translation file. # #sqlnet.kerberos5_realms=/tmp/mykrb.realms #sqlnet.kerberos5_keytab # # Syntax: Any valid pathname. # Default: /etc/v5srvtab # # The Kerberos secret key file. # #sqlnet.kerberos5_keytab=/tmp/myv5srvtab #sqlnet.authentication_kerberos5_service # # Syntax: Any string. # Default: A default is not provided. # # The Kerberos service name. # #sqlnet.authentication_kerberos5_service=acme ## ## Parameters used with Radius adapter ## # Need to specify the location of the Radius server #sqlnet.radius_authentication = localhost # Need to specify the port address of the Radius server #sqlnet.radius_authentication_port = 1654 # If your radius server support accounting, you can enable it #sqlnet.radius_accounting = off # Turn on/off challenge response #sqlnet.radius_challenge_response = off # Keyword to request a challenge from Radius server. # If you use activcard, enter activcard # If you use something else, enter challenge #sqlnet.radius_challenge_keyword = challenge # Enter the name of the client interface you want to use for challenge response #sqlnet.radius_authentication_interface = DefaultRadiusInterface # Where is the secret file locate #sqlnet.radius_secret = $ORACLE_HOME/security/radius.key # - Oracle Advanced Security Network Security ------------------------- #sqlnet.crypto_checksum_client #sqlnet.crypto_checksum_server #sqlnet.encryption_client #sqlnet.encryption_server # # These four parameters are used to specify whether a service (e.g. # crypto-checksumming or encryption) should be active: # # Each of the above parameters defaults to ACCEPTED. # # Each of the above parameters can have one of four possible values: # # value meaning # # ACCEPTED The service will be active if the other side of the # connection specifies "REQUESTED" or REQUIRED" and # there is a compatible algorithm available on the other # side; it will be inactive otherwise. # # REJECTED The service must not be active, and the connection # will fail if the other side specifies "REQUIRED". # # REQUESTED The service will be active if the other side specifies # "ACCEPTED", "REQUESTED", or "REQUIRED" and there is a # compatible algorithm available on the other side; it # will be inactive otherwise. # # REQUIRED The service must be active, and the connection will # fail if the other side specifies "REJECTED" or if there # is no compatible algorithm on the other side. # #sqlnet.crypto_checksum_types_client #sqlnet.crypto_checksum_types_server #sqlnet.encryption_types_client #sqlnet.encryption_types_server # # These parameters control which algorithms will be made available for # each service on each end of a connection: # # The value of each of these parameters can be either a parenthesized # list of algorithm names separated by commas or a single algorithm # name. # # Encryption types can be: AES256, RC4_256, AES192, 3DES168, AES128, # RC4_128,3DES112, RC4_56, DES, RC4_40, DES40 # # Encryption defaults to all the algorithms. # # Crypto checksum types can be: SHA1, MD5 # # Crypto checksum defaults to all the algorithms. # #sqlnet.crypto_checksum_server = required #sqlnet.encryption_server = required # # #ssl_server_dn_match # # Systax: ON/OFF # Default: OFF # # The ssl_server_dn_match parameter determines SSL behavior when the # server's distinguished name does not match the service name. When # set to ON, the names must match for a connection to be established. # Leaving the parameter on OFF allows connection to servers where # the names do not match. However, this may potentially allow servers # to fake their identity. # # #ssl_client_authentication # # Syntax: TRUE/FALSE # Default: TRUE # # The ssl_client_authentication parameter controls whether the client # is authenticated using SSL. This parameter should be set to FALSE if # using a cipher suite that contains Diffie-Hellman anonymous # authentication (DH_anon) or if using other non-SSL authentication # methods. # #ssl_cipher_suites # # Syntax: (SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, # SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5, SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA, # SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5, # SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA, SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5, # SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA, # SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5, # SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA) # Default: All cipher suites enabled # # ssl_cipher_suites defines a list of cipher suites used to negotiate # an SSL connection in order of priority. The cipher suites selected for # a server must be compatible with those required by the client. # #ssl_version # # Syntax: 0/2.0/3.0 # Default: 0 (impiles 3.0) # # The ssl_version parameter defines the version of SSL that must # run on the systems with which the client communicates. # # - SSL --------------------------------------------------------------------- #my_wallet # # Syntax: A properly formatted NLNV list. # Default: Platform specific. Unix: $HOME/oracle/oss # # The method for retrieving and storing my identity. # #my_wallet # =(source # =(method=file) # (method_data=/dve/asriniva/oss/wallet) # ) # - Sqlnet(v2.x) and Net3.0 Client ------------------------------------------ # # In the following descriptions, the term "client program" could mean # either sqlplus, svrmgrl or any other OCI programs written by users # ########################### #trace_level_client = ADMIN ########################### # #Possible values: {OFF,USER,ADMIN,0-16} #Default: OFF (0) # #Purpose: Indicates the level at which the client program # is to be traced. # Available Values: # 0 or OFF - No Trace output # 4 or USER - User trace information # 10 or ADMIN - Administration trace information # 16 or SUPPORT - Worldwide Customer Support trace information # #Supported since: v2.0 # ############################################### #trace_directory_client = /oracle/network/trace ############################################### # #Possible values: Any valid directory path with write permission #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace ($ORACLE_HOME=/oracle at customer # site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the directory to which trace files from # the client execution are written. # #Supported since: v2.0 # ################################################### #trace_file_client = /oracle/network/trace/cli.trc ################################################### # #Possible values: Any valid file name #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace/cli.trc ($ORACLE_HOME = # /oracle at customer site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the file to which the execution trace # of the client is written to. # #Supported since: v2.0 # ########################### #trace_unique_client = ON ########################### # #Possible values: {ON, OFF} #Default: OFF # #Purpose: Used to make each client trace file have a unique name to # prevent each trace file from being overwritten by successive # runs of the client program # #Supported since: v2.0 # ########################################### #log_directory_client = /oracle/network/log ########################################### # #Possible values: Any valid directory pathname #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/log ($ORACLE_HOME = /oracle at customer # site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the directory to which the client log file # is written to. # # #Supported since: v2.0 # ################ #log_file_client = /oracle/network/log/sqlnet.log ################ # #Possible values: This is a default value, u cannot change this #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/log/sqlnet.log ($ORACLE_HOME=/oracle in # customer site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the log file from a client program # #Supported since: v2.0 # ############################################# #log_directory_server = /oracle/network/trace ############################################# # #Possible values: Any valid diretcory path with write permission #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace ( $ORACLE_HOME=/oracle at customer # site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the directory to which log files from the # server are written # #Supported since: v2.0 # ############################################### #trace_directory_server = /oracle/network/trace ############################################### # #Possible values: Any valid directory path with write permission #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network_trace ( $ORACLE_HOME=/oracle at customer # site) # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the directory to which trace files from # the server are written # #Supported since: v2.0 # ####################################################### #trace_file_server = /orace/network/trace/svr_<pid>.trc ####################################################### # #Possible values: Any valid filename #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace/svr_<pid>.trc where <pid? stands for # the process id of the server on UNIX systems # #Purpose: Indicates the name of the file to which the execution trace of # the server program is written to. # #Supported since: v2.0 # ########################### #trace_level_server = ADMIN ########################### # #Possible values: {OFF,USER,ADMIN,0-16} #Default: OFF (0) # #Purpose: Indicates the level at which the server program # is to be traced. # Available Values: # 0 or OFF - No Trace output # 4 or USER - User trace information # 10 or ADMIN - Administration trace information # 16 or SUPPORT - Worldwide Customer Support trace information # #Supported since: v2.0 # ########################## #use_dedicated_server = ON ########################## # #Possible values: {OFF,ON} #Default: OFF # #Purpose: Forces the listener to spawn a dedicated server process for # sessions from this client program. # #Supported since: v2.0 # ################ #use_cman = TRUE ################ # #Possible values: {TRUE, FALSE} #Default: FALSE # #Purpose: # #Supported since: v3.0 # ################################################ #tnsping.trace_directory = /oracle/network/trace ################################################ # #Possible values: Any valid directory pathname #Default: $ORACLE_HOME/network/trace ($ORACLE_HOME=/oracle at customer # site) # #Purpose: Indicates the directory to which the execution trace from # the tnsping program is to be written to. # #Supported since: v2.0 # ############################ #tnsping.trace_level = ADMIN ############################ # #Possible values: {OFF,USER,ADMIN,0-16} #Default: OFF (0) # #Purpose: Indicates the level at which the server program # is to be traced. # Available Values: # 0 or OFF - No Trace output # 4 or USER - User trace information # 10 or ADMIN - Administration trace information # 16 or SUPPORT - Worldwide Customer Support trace information # # #Supported since: v2.0 # ######################## #sqlnet.expire_time = 10 ######################## # #Possible values: 0-any valid positive integer! (in minutes) #Default: 0 minutes #Recommended value: 10 minutes # #Purpose: Indicates the time interval to send a probe to verify the # client session is alive (this is used to reclaim watseful # resources on a dead client) # #Supported since: v2.1 # ####################################### #sqlnet.client_registration = <unique_id> ####################################### # #Possible values: #Default: OFF # #Purpose: Sets a unique identifier for the client machine. This # identifier is then passed to the listener with any connection # request and will be included in the Audit Trail. The identifier # can be any alphanumeric string up to 128 characters long. # #Supported since: v2.3.2 # ###################### #bequeath_detach = YES ###################### # #Possible values: {YES,NO} #Default: NO # #Purpose: Turns off signal handling on UNIX systems. If signal handling # were not turned off and if client programs written by users make # use of signal handling they could interfere with Sqlnet/Net3. # #Supported since: v2.3.3 # #################### #automatic_ipc = OFF #################### # #Possible values: {ON,OFF} #Default: OFF # #Purpose: Force a session to use or not to use IPC addresses on the # client's node. # #Supported since: v2.0 # #################### #disable_oob = ON #################### # #Possible values: {ON,OFF} #Default: OFF # #Purpose: If the underlying transport protocol (TCP, DECnet,...) does # not support Out-of-band breaks, then disable out-of-band # breaks # #Supported since: v2.0 # #################### #sqlnet.inbound_connect_timeout = 3 ######################## # #Possible values: 0-any valid positive integer (in seconds) #Default: 0 #Recommended value: 3 seconds (note: this is highly application dependent) # #Purpose: Indicates the time interval within which database authentication # for a client must be completed. If the client fails to complete # authentication within the given time period, then the database # server will drop the client connection. This can be used to # counter Denial of Service attacks in which malicious clients may # cause numerous servers to be spawn without fully establishing DB # sessions. # # A value of 0 turns off the timeout feature. If a spurious # timeout error occurs (e.g. due to a slow network/system), # reconfigure this parameter to a larger value. # #Supported since: v9.2 #
其中tnsnames.ora
[oracle@ocmserver samples]$ more tnsnames.ora # This file contains the syntax information for # the entries to be put in any tnsnames.ora file # The entries in this file are need based. # There are no defaults for entries in this file # that Sqlnet/Net3 use that need to be overridden # # Typically you could have two tnsnames.ora files # in the system, one that is set for the entire system # and is called the system tnsnames.ora file, and a # second file that is used by each user locally so that # he can override the definitions dictated by the system # tnsnames.ora file. # The entries in tnsnames.ora are an alternative to using # the names server with the onames adapter. # They are a collection of aliases for the addresses that # the listener(s) is(are) listening for a database or # several databases. # The following is the general syntax for any entry in # a tnsnames.ora file. There could be several such entries # tailored to the user's needs. <alias>= [ (DESCRIPTION_LIST = # Optional depending on whether u have # one or more descriptions # If there is just one description, unnecessary ] (DESCRIPTION= [ (SDU=2048) ] # Optional, defaults to 2048 # Can take values between 512 and 32K [ (ADDRESS_LIST= # Optional depending on whether u have # one or more addresses # If there is just one address, unnecessary ] (ADDRESS= [ (COMMUNITY=<community_name>) ] (PROTOCOL=tcp) (HOST=<hostname>) (PORT=<portnumber (1521 is a standard port used)>) ) [ (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=ipc) (KEY=<ipckey (PNPKEY is a standard key used)>) ) ] [ (ADDRESS= [ (COMMUNITY=<community_name>) ] (PROTOCOL=decnet) (NODE=<nodename>) (OBJECT=<objectname>) ) ] ... # More addresses [ ) ] # Optional depending on whether ADDRESS_LIST is used or not [ (CONNECT_DATA= (SID=<oracle_sid>) [ (GLOBAL_NAME=<global_database_name>) ] ) ] [ (SOURCE_ROUTE=yes) ] ) (DESCRIPTION= [ (SDU=2048) ] # Optional, defaults to 2048 # Can take values between 512 and 32K [ (ADDRESS_LIST= ] # Optional depending on whether u have more # than one address or not # If there is just one address, unnecessary (ADDRESS [ (COMMUNITY=<community_name>) ] (PROTOCOL=tcp) (HOST=<hostname>) (PORT=<portnumber (1521 is a standard port used)>) ) [ (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=ipc) (KEY=<ipckey (PNPKEY is a standard key used)>) ) ] ... # More addresses [ ) ] # Optional depending on whether ADDRESS_LIST # is being used [ (CONNECT_DATA= (SID=<oracle_sid>) [ (GLOBAL_NAME=<global_database_name>) ] ) ] [ (SOURCE_ROUTE=yes) ] ) [ (CONNECT_DATA= (SID=<oracle_sid>) [ (GLOBAL_NAME=<global_database_name>) ] ) ] ... # More descriptions [ ) ] # Optional depending on whether DESCRIPTION_LIST is used or not [oracle@ocmserver samples]$
5、建立spfile参数文件
SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN SQL> show parameter spfile; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile string SQL> create spfile from pfile='/opt/oracle/admin/ocm/pfile/initmydb.ora'; File created. SQL>
三、小结
手动建库看起来比较麻烦，但其实步骤理解情况了还是比较简单的。大体步骤有如下需要准备和理解：
- 确定新建数据库名称和实例名称；
- 确定数据库管理员的认证方式；
- 创建初始化参数文件；
- 创建实例；
- 连接并启动实例；
- 使用create database语句创建数据库；
- 创建附加的表空间；
- 运行脚本创建数据字典视图；
- 创建spfile
- 备份控制文件，参数文件等
理解好相关concept后，再来慢慢做实验，就比较易于理解了。