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  • postgresql----TEMPORARY TABLE和UNLOGGED TABLE

    一.TEMPORARY|TEMP TABLE

    会话级或事务级的临时表,临时表在会话结束或事物结束自动删除,任何在临时表上创建的索引也会被自动删除。除非用模式修饰的名字引用,否则现有的同名永久表在临时表存在期间,在本会话或事务中是不可见的。另外临时表对其他会话也是不可见的,但是会话级的临时表也可以使用临时表所在模式修饰的名字引用。

    创建临时表的语法:

    CREATE TEMP tbl_name()ON COMMIT{PRESERVE ROWS|DELETE ROWS|DROP};

    PRESERVE ROWS:默认值,事务提交后保留临时表和数据

    DELETE ROWS:事务提交后删除数据,保留临时表

    DROP:事务提交后删除表

    示例1

    会话A:

    创建临时表

    test=# create temp table tbl_temp(a int);
    CREATE TABLE

    会话B:

    1.在会话B查询临时表tbl_temp,提示表不存在

    test=# select * from tbl_temp;
    ERROR:  relation "tbl_temp" does not exist
    LINE 1: select * from tbl_temp;

    2.但是在会话B查询pg_class中可以查到tbl_temp的记录

    test=# select relname,relnamespace from pg_class where relname = 'tbl_temp';
     relname  | relnamespace 
    ----------+--------------
     tbl_temp |        16488
    (1 row)

    3.从上述查询结果中可以看到临时表tbl_temp属于16488的模式

    test=# select nspname from pg_namespace where oid = 16488;
      nspname  
    -----------
     pg_temp_3
    (1 row)

    4.直接使用模式修饰的表名访问成功

    test=# select * from pg_temp_3.tbl_temp ;
     a 
    ---
    (0 rows)

    会话A:

    退出会话A

    会话B:

    再次查询tbl_temp时提示不存在

    test=# select * from pg_temp_3.tbl_temp ;
    ERROR:  relation "pg_temp_3.tbl_temp" does not exist
    LINE 1: select * from pg_temp_3.tbl_temp ;
                          ^

    示例2.创建ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS的临时表

    test=# begin ;
    BEGIN
    test=# create temp table tbl_temp(a int) on commit delete rows;
    CREATE TABLE
    test=# insert into tbl_temp values (1);
    INSERT 0 1
    test=# select * from tbl_temp ;
     a 
    ---
     1
    (1 row)
    
    test=# commit ;
    COMMIT
    test=# select * from tbl_temp ;
     a 
    ---
    (0 rows)

    示例3.创建ON COMMIT DROP临时表

    test=# begin ;
    BEGIN
    test=# create temp table tbl_temp(a int) on commit drop;
    CREATE TABLE
    test=# commit ;
    COMMIT
    test=# select * from tbl_temp;
    ERROR:  relation "tbl_temp" does not exist
    LINE 1: select * from tbl_temp;
                          ^

    示例4.查询数据库中所有临时表

    test=# select relname,nspname from pg_class join pg_namespace on(relnamespace=pg_namespace.oid) where pg_is_other_temp_schema(relnamespace);
     relname  |  nspname  
    ----------+-----------
     tbl_test | pg_temp_2
    (1 row)

    二.UNLOGGED TABLE

    unlogged table是为临时数据设计的,写入性能较高,但是当postgresql进程崩溃时会丢失数据。

    创建一张普通表test和一张unlogged表test,测试性能情况

    普通表:

    test=# create table test(a int);
    CREATE TABLE
    test=# 	iming
    Timing is on.
    test=# insert into test select generate_series(1,1000000);
    INSERT 0 1000000
    Time: 3603.715 ms

    unlogged表

    test=# create unlogged table testu(a int);
    CREATE TABLE
    Time: 12.920 ms
    test=# insert into testu select generate_series(1,1000000);
    INSERT 0 1000000
    Time: 801.376 ms

    比较以上两个结果,unlogged表的写性能是普通表的4.5倍。

    杀死postgresql的主进程,重启DB服务

    [root@MiWiFi-R1CL-srv ~]# ps -elf | grep postgres
    0 S postgres  2129     1  0  80   0 - 66830 poll_s 04:24 ?        00:00:00 /opt/pg9.6/bin/postgres -D /mnt/pgdata
    1 S postgres  2130  2129  0  80   0 - 29645 ep_pol 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: logger process              
    1 S postgres  2132  2129  0  80   0 - 66898 poll_s 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process        
    1 S postgres  2133  2129  0  80   0 - 66830 ep_pol 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process              
    1 S postgres  2134  2129  0  80   0 - 66871 ep_pol 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process          
    1 S postgres  2135  2129  0  80   0 - 66954 ep_pol 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process   
    1 S postgres  2136  2129  0  80   0 - 29677 ep_pol 04:24 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process     
    0 S root      2262  2099  0  80   0 - 28768 n_tty_ 04:52 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/pg9.6/bin/psql -d test -U postgres
    1 S postgres  2264  2129  0  80   0 - 67351 ep_pol 04:52 ?        00:00:02 postgres: postgres test [local] idle  
    0 S root      2334  2198  0  80   0 - 25813 pipe_w 05:15 pts/2    00:00:00 grep postgres
    [root@MiWiFi-R1CL-srv ~]# kill -9 2129
    [root@MiWiFi-R1CL-srv ~]# rm -rf /mnt/pgdata/postmaster.pid 
    [root@MiWiFi-R1CL-srv ~]# su -l postgres -c '/opt/pg9.6/bin/pg_ctl -D /mnt/pgdata start'
    server starting
    [root@MiWiFi-R1CL-srv ~]# 2016-06-22 05:16:04.399 CST 2372    LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
    2016-06-22 05:16:04.399 CST 2372    HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "/var/log/pg_log".

    再次查询unlogged表testu,发现数据已丢失

    test=# select * from testu ;
     a 
    ---
    (0 rows)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alianbog/p/5605068.html
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