NOARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了数据文件
数据库处于NOARCHIVELOG模式时,如果丢失任何数据文件,执行以下步骤
1.如果实例尚未关闭,请关闭实例
2.从备份还原整个数据库,包括所有数据文件和控制文件
3.打开数据库
4.让用户重新输入自上次备份以来所做的所有更改
ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了非关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO除外）
仅仅恢复当前数据文件不用整库恢复,不需要停机
1.数据文件离线
2.restore数据文件，介质恢复
3.recover事务
4.数据文件联机
ARCHIVELOG模式下丢失了关键性数据文件（SYSTEM，UNDO...）
数据库关键性数据文件丢失，需要停机恢复
1.实例可能会也可能不会自动关闭。如果未自动关闭，请使用SHUTDOWN ABORT关闭实例
2.装载数据库，MOUNT
3.还原并恢复缺失的数据文件，restore datafile/database
4.recover datafile/database
5.打开数据库
归档模式下恢复非关键表空间
set linesize 300 set pagesize 600 col file_name format a50 col tablespace_name format a20 select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files; 创建一个非关键表空间进行测试 create tablespace redo_data datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M; SQL> create tablespace redo_data datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' size 32M autoextend on next 32M maxsize 1024M; Tablespace created. SQL> set linesize 300 set pagesize 600 col file_name format a50 col tablespace_name format a20 select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files; TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf REDO_DATA /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; 对数据进行一次完全备份 RMAN> shutdown immediate RMAN> startup mount RMAN> run { allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/backup/backup01_%U' ; backup as compressed backupset database; backup current controlfile; alter database open; } RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 7 Full 321.23M DISK 00:00:38 22-MAY-18 BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20180522T151208 Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 7 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 1 Full 1058982 22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf 2 Full 1058982 22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf 3 Full 1058982 22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf 4 Full 1058982 22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf 5 Full 1058982 22-MAY-18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 8 Full 1.05M DISK 00:00:03 22-MAY-18 BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: YES Tag: TAG20180522T151208 Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_09t3horl_1_1 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 22-MAY-18 SPFILE db_unique_name: XIOCPT0 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982 Ckp time: 22-MAY-18 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 9 Full 9.64M DISK 00:00:01 22-MAY-18 BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20180522T151257 Piece Name: /u01/backup/backup01_0at3horp_1_1 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1058982 Ckp time: 22-MAY-18 创建表并指定表空间 SQL> create table REDO_DATA( 2 id number, 3 name varchar2(20) 4 ) 5 tablespace REDO_DATA; Table created. SQL> declare v_count number; begin for i in 1..1000 loop insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i); end loop; end; / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; COUNT(*) ---------- 1000 恢复非关键表空间 sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline';---离线需恢复的表空间 restore tablespace redo_data;---还原表空间 recover tablespace redo_data;---恢复表空间，期间的事务进行应用 sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online';---恢复完成，将表空间在线 删除数据文件 SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; COUNT(*) ---------- 1000 SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> declare v_count number; begin for i in 1..1000 loop insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i); end loop; end; / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; COUNT(*) ---------- 2000 SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory SQL> select table_name ,tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='REDO_DATA'; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ -------------------- REDO_DATA REDO_DATA SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> alter system checkpoint; System altered. SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; COUNT(*) ---------- 2000 SQL> declare v_count number; begin for i in 1..1000 loop insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i); end loop; end; / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> declare v_count number; begin for i in 1..1000 loop insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i); end loop; end; / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> declare v_count number; begin for i in 1..1000 loop insert into redo_data values(i,'name0'||i); end loop; end; / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> !ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf: No such file or directory SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; select count(*) from REDO_DATA * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00376: file 5 cannot be read at this time ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf' 开始执行还原/恢复操作 RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace redo_data offline'; sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data offline RMAN> restore tablespace redo_data; RMAN> Starting restore at 22-MAY-18 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 tag=TAG20180522T151208 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 22-MAY-18 RMAN> recover tablespace redo_data; Starting recover at 22-MAY-18 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 74 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 75 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 76 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 77 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 78 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 79 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 80 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 81 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_81.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 82 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_82.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 83 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_83.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 84 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_84.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 85 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_85.arc archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc thread=1 sequence=74 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc thread=1 sequence=75 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc thread=1 sequence=76 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc thread=1 sequence=77 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc thread=1 sequence=78 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc thread=1 sequence=79 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc thread=1 sequence=80 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 22-MAY-18 RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace redo_data online'; sql statement: alter tablespace redo_data online SQL> select count(*) from REDO_DATA; COUNT(*) ---------- 5000
归档模式下恢复关键表空间
数据库关键性数据文件丢失，需要停机恢复
1.实例可能会也可能不会自动关闭。如果未自动关闭，请使用SHUTDOWN ABORT关闭实例
2.装载数据库，MOUNT
3.还原并恢复缺失的数据文件，restore datafile/database
4.recover datafile/database
5.打开数据库
SQL> set linesize 300 set pagesize 600 col file_name format a50 col tablespace_name format a20 select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/users01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/undotbs01.dbf SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/sysaux01.dbf SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf REDO_DATA /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/redo_data01.dbf SQL> SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf startup mount ---将数据库启动到mount restore tablespace system;---指定关键表空间进行还原 recover tablespace system;---恢复表空间 sql 'alter database open';---将数据库打开 [oracle@t-xi-oracle01 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue May 22 15:30:33 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup mount Oracle instance started database mounted Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes Fixed Size 2253744 bytes Variable Size 322964560 bytes Database Buffers 79691776 bytes Redo Buffers 4284416 bytes RMAN> restore tablespace system; Starting restore at 22-MAY-18 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xiocpt0/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/backup01_08t3hoq8_1_1 tag=TAG20180522T151208 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 Finished restore at 22-MAY-18 RMAN> recover tablespace system; Starting recover at 22-MAY-18 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 74 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 75 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 76 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 77 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 78 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 79 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 80 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 81 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_81.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 82 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_82.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 83 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_83.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 84 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_84.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 85 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_85.arc archived log for thread 1 with sequence 86 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_86.arc archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_74.arc thread=1 sequence=74 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_75.arc thread=1 sequence=75 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_76.arc thread=1 sequence=76 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_77.arc thread=1 sequence=77 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_78.arc thread=1 sequence=78 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_79.arc thread=1 sequence=79 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_80.arc thread=1 sequence=80 archived log file name=/u01/archive/arch_976375926_1_81.arc thread=1 sequence=81 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 22-MAY-18 RMAN> sql 'alter database open'; sql statement: alter database open