Linux上软件安装

手动安装

　　以安装SublimeText3为例：

　　首先下载安装包

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ wget https://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2
--2017-12-05 08:43:15--  https://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2
Resolving download.sublimetext.com... 104.236.0.104
Connecting to download.sublimetext.com|104.236.0.104|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9857381 (9.4M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2”

100%[==========================================================================>] 9,857,381    113K/s   in 3m 23s  

2017-12-05 08:46:41 (47.5 KB/s) - “sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2” saved [9857381/9857381]

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ 

　　然后解压该安装包

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ tar jxvf sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2 
sublime_text_3/
sublime_text_3/Packages/
sublime_text_3/Packages/Pascal.sublime-package
sublime_text_3/Packages/Matlab.sublime-package
sublime_text_3/Packages/Go.sublime-package
sublime_text_3/Packages/Graphviz.sublime-package
......
[keysystem@localhost ~]$ 

　　将该安装包放到一个指定的路径或者隐藏（此步骤不是必须，但文件统一放置是好的习惯，此示例为隐藏安装包）

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ mv sublime_text_3 .sublime_text_3

　　为了方便sublimeText3的使用，给sublimeText3做一个系统命令，在任何地方执行一个命令就可以启动sublimeText3。可以将sublimeText3的可执行文件的目录加入到PATH的环境变量，也可以做一个符号链接。（本示例是做一个符号链接）

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ ln -s ~/.sublime_text_3/sublime_text ~/bin/sublime
[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ 

　　在任意目录下，执行sublime就可以启动sublimeText3了。

deb安装

　　以GNU软件基金会的hello为例，安装开源软件的三个步骤：

• configure 
• make   
• make install

　　其中make install需要管理员权限。

　　步骤一，先下载hello的debian包。

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz
--2017-12-05 09:39:32--  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz
Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b
Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 725946 (709K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: “hello-2.10.tar.gz”

100%[==========================================================================>] 725,946      118K/s   in 6.0s    

2017-12-05 09:39:39 (118 KB/s) - “hello-2.10.tar.gz” saved [725946/725946]

　　步骤二，解压该压缩包

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ tar zxvf hello-2.10.tar.gz 
hello-2.10/
hello-2.10/COPYING
hello-2.10/tests/
hello-2.10/tests/greeting-1
hello-2.10/tests/traditional-1
hello-2.10/tests/greeting-2
hello-2.10/tests/hello-1
hello-2.10/tests/last-1
hello-2.10/Makefile.am
hello-2.10/config.in
......
[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ 

　　步骤三，进入到源码包目录执行，安装源码包的三个步骤

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ cd hello-2.10
[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ ./configure 
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
......

[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ make
......

　[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ su
  Password:
  [root@localhost hello-2.10]# make install

　 ......

  [root@localhost hello-2.10]# hello
   Hello, world!
  [root@localhost hello-2.10]# su
  [root@localhost hello-2.10]# su - keysystem
  [keysystem@localhost ~]$ hello
  Hello, world!

从apt安装（ubuntu）

　　以git安装为例

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ sudo apt-get install git
##或者
[root@localhost keysystem]# apt-get install git

从yum安装（centos）

　　以git安装为例

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install git
##或者
[root@localhost keysystem]# yum install git