Mongodb高手课笔记
聚合查询
Mongodb可以进行一系列的聚合查询，从而计算出用户需要的结果
整个聚合运算的过程称为管道Pipeline，它是由多个步骤stage组成的．就像是过滤器，经过每多次过滤得到计算结果．
聚合运算的基本格式
pipeline = [$stage1, $stage2, ...$stageN];
db.<COLLECTION>.aggregate(
pipeline,
{ options }
);
常见步骤:
| 步骤 | 作用 | SQL等价运算符 |
|---|---|---|
| $match | 过滤 | WHERE |
| $project | 投影 | AS |
| $sort | 排序 | ORDER BY |
| $group | 分组 | GROUP BY |
| $skip $limit | 结果限制 | SKIP/LIMIT |
| $lookup | 左外连接 | LEFT OUTER JOIN |
| $unwind | 展开数组 | N/A |
| $graphLookup | 图搜索 | N/A |
| $facet $bucket | 分面搜索 | N/A |
常见步骤中的运算符:
$match
•$eq $gt $gte $lt $lte
•$and $or $not $in
•$geoWithin $intersect
$project
•选择需要的或排除不需要的字段
• $map $reduce $filter
•$range
•$multiply $divide $substract $add
•$year $month $dayOfMonth $hour $minute $second
$group
•$sum $avg
•$push $addToSet
•$first $last $max $min
MQL 常用步骤与 SQL 对比
SELECT
FIRST_NAME AS `名`,
LAST_NAME AS `姓`
FROM Users
WHERE GENDER = '男'
SKIP 100
LIMIT 20
db.users.aggregate([
{$match: {gender: ’’男”}},
{$skip: 100},
{$limit: 20},
{$project: {
'名': '$first_name',
'姓': '$last_name'
}}
]);
SELECT DEPARTMENT,
COUNT(NULL) AS EMP_QTY
FROM Users
WHERE GENDER = '女'
GROUP BY DEPARTMENT HAVING
COUNT(*) < 10
db.users.aggregate([
{$match: {gender: '女'}},
{$group: {
_id: '$DEPARTMENT',
emp_qty: {$sum: 1}
}},
{$match: {emp_qty: {$lt: 10}}}
]
MQL 特有步骤
$unwind
如查询出一条订单记录
db.orders.findOne();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"),
"street" : "493 Hilll Curve",
"city" : "Champlinberg",
"state" : "Texas",
"country" : "Malaysia",
"zip" : "24344-1715",
"phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621",
"name" : "Destinee Schneider",
"userId" : 3573,
"orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"),
"status" : "created",
"shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"),
"orderLines" : [
{
"product" : "Refined Fresh Tuna",
"sku" : "2057",
"qty" : 25,
"price" : NumberDecimal("56.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("46.48")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Concrete Ball",
"sku" : "1738",
"qty" : 61,
"price" : NumberDecimal("47.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("47")
},
{
"product" : "Rustic Granite Towels",
"sku" : "500",
"qty" : 62,
"price" : NumberDecimal("74.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("62.16")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Rubber Salad",
"sku" : "1400",
"qty" : 73,
"price" : NumberDecimal("93.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("87.42")
},
{
"product" : "Intelligent Wooden Towels",
"sku" : "5674",
"qty" : 72,
"price" : NumberDecimal("84.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("68.88")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Steel Bacon",
"sku" : "5009",
"qty" : 8,
"price" : NumberDecimal("53.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("50.35")
}
],
"total" : NumberDecimal("407")
}
如果使用$unwind,可以把Bson数据里面的数组展开，这个功能是不是很强大呢，可以用来做报表之类的
db.orders.aggregate([{$limit: 1},{ $unwind: "$orderLines"}]);
结果
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Refined Fresh Tuna", "sku" : "2057", "qty" : 25, "price" : NumberDecimal("56.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("46.48") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Refined Concrete Ball", "sku" : "1738", "qty" : 61, "price" : NumberDecimal("47.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("47") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Rustic Granite Towels", "sku" : "500", "qty" : 62, "price" : NumberDecimal("74.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("62.16") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Refined Rubber Salad", "sku" : "1400", "qty" : 73, "price" : NumberDecimal("93.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("87.42") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Intelligent Wooden Towels", "sku" : "5674", "qty" : 72, "price" : NumberDecimal("84.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("68.88") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"), "street" : "493 Hilll Curve", "city" : "Champlinberg", "state" : "Texas", "country" : "Malaysia", "zip" : "24344-1715", "phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621", "name" : "Destinee Schneider", "userId" : 3573, "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"), "status" : "created", "shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"), "orderLines" : { "product" : "Refined Steel Bacon", "sku" : "5009", "qty" : 8, "price" : NumberDecimal("53.00"), "cost" : NumberDecimal("50.35") }, "total" : NumberDecimal("407") }
$bucket
$bucket可以用来做目录，比如淘宝筛选栏里面会有价格区间
db.products.aggregate([{
$bucket:{
groupBy: "$price",
boundaries: [0,10,20,30,40],
default: "Other",
output:{"count":{$sum:1}}
}
}])
db.products.aggregate([{
$facet:{
price:{
$bucket:{…}
},
year:{
$bucket:{…}
}
}
}])
聚合运算实战
聚合实验数据模型
dump
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lMtn_OgE6wLQEyK4J39NAg 提取码: t7r2
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5dbe7a545368f69de2b4d36e"),
"street" : "493 Hilll Curve",
"city" : "Champlinberg",
"state" : "Texas",
"country" : "Malaysia",
"zip" : "24344-1715",
"phone" : "425.956.7743 x4621",
"name" : "Destinee Schneider",
"userId" : 3573,
"orderDate" : ISODate("2019-03-26T03:20:08.805Z"),
"status" : "created",
"shippingFee" : NumberDecimal("8.00"),
"orderLines" : [
{
"product" : "Refined Fresh Tuna",
"sku" : "2057",
"qty" : 25,
"price" : NumberDecimal("56.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("46.48")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Concrete Ball",
"sku" : "1738",
"qty" : 61,
"price" : NumberDecimal("47.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("47")
},
{
"product" : "Rustic Granite Towels",
"sku" : "500",
"qty" : 62,
"price" : NumberDecimal("74.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("62.16")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Rubber Salad",
"sku" : "1400",
"qty" : 73,
"price" : NumberDecimal("93.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("87.42")
},
{
"product" : "Intelligent Wooden Towels",
"sku" : "5674",
"qty" : 72,
"price" : NumberDecimal("84.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("68.88")
},
{
"product" : "Refined Steel Bacon",
"sku" : "5009",
"qty" : 8,
"price" : NumberDecimal("53.00"),
"cost" : NumberDecimal("50.35")
}
],
"total" : NumberDecimal("407")
}
聚合操作:
- 场景: 查找所有订单的总金额
db.orders.aggregate([{$group: {_id: null, total: {$sum: "$total"}}}]);
结果
{ "_id" : null, "total" : NumberDecimal("44019609") }
- 查询2019年第一季度（1月1日~3月31日）已完成订单（completed）的订单总金额和订单总数
db.orders.aggregate([
{
$match: {
status: "completed",
orderDate: {
$gte: ISODate("2019-01-01"),
$lte: ISODate("2019-03-31")
}
}
},
{
$group: {
_id: null,
total: {$sum: "$total"},
shippingFee: {$sum: "$shippingFee"},
count: {$sum: 1 }
}
},
{
$project: {
grandTotal: {
$add: ["$total", "$shippingFee" ]
},
count: 1,
_id: 0
}
}
]);
结果
{ "count" : 5818, "grandTotal" : NumberDecimal("2612553.00") }