Oracle数据库学习（二）：Oracle Linux下oracle、ogg的挂载与参数配置

准备工作：打开虚拟机端的Oracle Linux Server 6.9的系统，然后使用root用户登录。打开终端界面，输入ifconfig -a查看IP地址。

然后在本地打开XShell软件使用以下命令进入虚拟机的终端。

ssh root@192.168.91.129

192.168.91.129为自己的IP地址。
查看硬盘分区

[root@ambition ~]# fdisk -l

得到以下内容：其中/dev/sdb用来挂载oracle,/dev/sdc用来挂载ogg。

Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

第一步:创建物理空间，分别运行以下命令

[root@ambition ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
[root@ambition ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc

运行pvdisplay查看创建是否成功

--- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdc
  VG Name               
  PV Size               80.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          20479
  PV UUID               68xjYx-EhLY-1W9m-2XJ9-FXJI-CnnM-5218YP
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb
  VG Name               
  PV Size               80.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          20479
  PV UUID               ddjPX3-t9dE-Z0XW-2cnF-Zd9E-1M6Q-zNAmoe

第二步：创建卷组，分别运行以下命令

[root@ambition ~]# vgcreate vg_oracle /dev/sdb
[root@ambition ~]# vgcreate vg_ogg /dev/sdc

运行vgdisplay查看创建是否成功

--- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_ogg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               80.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Alloc PE / Size       20479 / 80.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               bv7LMk-cOzr-Phzu-VDe3-6odo-82Fs-WupLgs
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_oracle
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               80.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20479
  Alloc PE / Size       20479 / 80.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               j4BdLM-Mdwf-D4m4-gKFD-rYi6-M5hD-Yc26SF

第三步：创建逻辑空间，运行以下命令

[root@ambition ~]# lvcreate -l 20479 vg_oracle -n lv_oracle
[root@ambition ~]# lvcreate -l 20479 vg_ogg -n lv_ogg

其中20479是vgdisplay查询下的Total PE的值，可以全部分配也可以部分分配。
运行lvdisplay查看是否创建成功

--- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_ogg/lv_ogg
  LV Name                lv_ogg
  VG Name                vg_ogg
  LV UUID                du1GSY-44gc-3k2U-V7Ey-nk4p-GFqu-DbVSFx
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambition, 2019-03-18 09:31:31 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                80.00 GiB
  Current LE             20479
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle
  LV Name                lv_oracle
  VG Name                vg_oracle
  LV UUID                C2fO4y-AHhl-l7oI-MAo2-smXp-pmIw-kzhGA0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ambition, 2019-03-18 09:37:24 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                80.00 GiB
  Current LE             20479
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:3

第四步：格式化创建好的磁盘，依次运行下列命令

[root@ambition ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle
[root@ambition ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_ogg/lv_ogg

至此，oracle和ogg的创建就完成了，下面开始挂载

第五步：创建/u01和/ogg空间，依次运行以下命令，在根目录下创建这两个文件夹。

[root@ambition ~]# mkdir /u01
[root@ambition ~]# mkdir /ogg

第六步：添加挂载信息并挂载lv，vi编辑fstab文件

[root@ambition ~]# vi /etc/fstab

在fstab文件中的最底部添加挂载信息

/dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle /u01  ext4    defaults        1 3
/dev/vg_ogg/lv_ogg /ogg  ext4    defaults        1 4

添加完后可以运行以下命令查看

[root@ambition ~]# cat /etc/fstab

会出现下列内容

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Mar 18 17:00:20 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_ambition-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=af3104ec-a4cb-4c90-b406-70de3f6a2260 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_ambition-lv_home /home                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_ambition-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle  /u01                       ext4    defaults        1 3
/dev/vg_ogg/lv_ogg  /ogg                       ext4    defaults        1 4

然后开始挂载lv，运行下列命令,运行完后不会出现任何信息，代表挂载成功。

[root@ambition ~]# mount -a

查看挂载信息。

[root@ambition ~]# df -h

出现下列内容中含有oracle和ogg表示挂载成功

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ambition-lv_root
                       50G  3.3G   44G   7% /
tmpfs                 1.9G   76K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   85M  363M  19% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_ambition-lv_home
                       26G  9.8G   15G  42% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle-lv_oracle
                       79G   11G   64G  15% /u01
/dev/mapper/vg_ogg-lv_ogg
                       79G  285M   75G   1% /ogg
/dev/sr0              3.8G  3.8G     0 100% /media/OL6.9 x86_64 Disc 1 20170324

OK，Oracle和ogg挂载完毕！

第七步：修改hosts文件、系统及限制参数

hosts文件修改

vi /etc/hosts

添加系统的IP地址和用户名

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.91.111 ambition

系统参数修改

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在文件末尾添加下列内容：

# Add for Oracle Database
kernel.shmmni = 4096  
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

保存后，运行下列命令查看。

/sbin/sysctl -p

限制参数修改

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

文件末尾添加下列内容：

oracle    soft    nproc    16384
oracle    hard    nproc    16384
oracle    soft    nofile    2048
oracle    hard    nofile    65536

第八步：创建用户及目录、检查rpm包、配置Oracle环境变量

创建用户及目录，依次运行下列命令：

groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba
useradd oracle  -g oinstall -G dba
mkdir -p /u01/app/db/product/11.2
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

检查rpm包

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make ksh sysstat

若有包没有安装可以运行下列命令的形式安装

yum install 包名

配置Oracle环境变量，运行下面的命令打开Oracle环境变量文件

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

在文件尾部添加下列内容

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/db
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/db/product/11.2
export ORACLE_SID=qdydks
#export GRID_HOME=/u01/app/app/crs
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export PS1='[$ORACLE_SID]@'`hostname`'[$PWD]$'
#export ORA_NLS10=$GRID_HOME/nls/data
#goldengate
export PATH=/ogg:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/ogg:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

OK！Oracle软件安装前的所有配置均已完成，下节将介绍Oracle的安装。