原型模式 -- 大话设计模式

在今天，读书有时是件“麻烦”事。它需要你付出时间，付出精力，还要付出一份心境。--仅以《大话设计模式》来祭奠那逝去的……

原型模式：用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象

在初始化的信息不发生变化的情况下，克隆是最好的方法。这既隐藏了对象的创建细节，又对性能有大大的提高（减少实例化等阶段的时间消耗）

1.复印简历（浅复制Clone：如果原对象的属性是值类型，则完整复制；如果原对象的属性是引用类型，则只复制引用，两个引用使用同一对象）

　　定义简历类，继承ICloneable接口

    public class Resume : ICloneable
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Sex { get; set; }
        public string Age { get; set; }

        public string WorkTime { get; set; }
        public string Company { get; set; }

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;
        }

        public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex, string age)
        {
            this.Sex = sex;
            this.Age = age;
        }

        public void SetWorkExperience(string workTime, string company)
        {
            this.WorkTime = workTime;
            this.Company = company;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", this.Name, this.Sex, this.Age);
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历：{0} {1}", this.WorkTime, this.Company);
        }


        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

 　　开启场景模拟

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Resume lixiaoyao = new Resume("李逍遥");
            lixiaoyao.SetPersonalInfo("男", "23岁");
            lixiaoyao.SetWorkExperience("2010年", "仙剑奇侠传第一部");
            lixiaoyao.Display();

            Resume lixiaoyao2 = (Resume)lixiaoyao.Clone();
            lixiaoyao2.SetWorkExperience("2012年", "仙剑奇侠传第三部");
            lixiaoyao2.Display();
        }

 2.复印简历（深复制Clone，Resume必须提供Clone方法调用的私有构造函数，让教育经历和工作经历完成克隆，并对相关字段赋值）

　　1.定义简历类，继承IConeable接口

    public class Resume : ICloneable
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Sex { get; set; }
        public string Age { get; set; }

        public WorkExperience WorkExperience { get; set; }
        public EduExperience EduExperience { get; set; }

        public Resume(string name)
        {
            this.Name = name;

            WorkExperience = new WorkExperience();
            EduExperience = new EduExperience();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 提供Clone方法调用的私有构造函数
        /// </summary>
        private Resume(WorkExperience work, EduExperience edu)
        {
            this.WorkExperience = (WorkExperience)work.Clone();
            this.EduExperience = (EduExperience)edu.Clone();
        }

        public void SetPersonalInfo(string sex, string age)
        {
            this.Sex = sex;
            this.Age = age;
        }

        public void SetWorkExperience(string workTime, string company)
        {
            this.WorkExperience.WorkTime = workTime;
            this.WorkExperience.Company = company;
        }

        public void SetEduExperience(string studyTime, string school)
        {
            this.EduExperience.StudyTime = studyTime;
            this.EduExperience.School = school;
        }

        public void Display()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", this.Name, this.Sex, this.Age);
            Console.WriteLine("教育经历：{0} {1}", this.EduExperience.StudyTime, this.EduExperience.School);
            Console.WriteLine("工作经历：{0} {1}", this.WorkExperience.WorkTime, this.WorkExperience.Company);
        }


        public object Clone()
        {
            //调用私有构造函数，让工作经历和教育经历完成克隆，并给相关字段赋值
            Resume obj = new Resume(this.WorkExperience, this.EduExperience);

            obj.Name = this.Name;
            obj.Sex = this.Sex;
            obj.Age = this.Age;

            return obj;
        }
    }

    public class WorkExperience : ICloneable
    {
        public string WorkTime { get; set; }
        public string Company { get; set; }

        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

    public class EduExperience : ICloneable
    {
        public string StudyTime { get; set; }
        public string School { get; set; }

        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

 　　开启场景模拟

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Resume lixiaoyao = new Resume("李逍遥");
            lixiaoyao.SetPersonalInfo("男", "23岁");
            lixiaoyao.SetEduExperience("2006年", "石家庄铁道大学");
            lixiaoyao.SetWorkExperience("2010年", "仙剑奇侠传第一部");

            Resume lixiaoyao2 = (Resume)lixiaoyao.Clone();
            lixiaoyao2.SetEduExperience("2010年", "北京喜剧学院");
            lixiaoyao2.SetWorkExperience("2012年", "仙剑奇侠传第三部");
            
            lixiaoyao.Display();
            lixiaoyao2.Display();
        }