hi
又是周六，又是磨蹭个一上午~午饭后开始吧
1、MySQL
-----子查询与连接（三）-----
----使用INSERT...SELECT插入记录
--数据库内容的英文版本
由于我的WAMP中的MYSQL控制台显示中文无力，在更改过程中心力交瘁，遂改变战术，把数据改为了全英文的，现分享出来
-- 创建数据表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS goods(
goods_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
goods_name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
goods_cate VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
is_show BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
is_saleoff BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
-- 写入记录
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop','Laptop','ASUS','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop','Laptop','Lenovo','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook','Gamebook','ThunderGod','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop','Laptop','ASUS','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook','Ultrabook','Lenovo','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook','Ultrabook','Lenovo','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook','Ultrabook','Sony','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet','Tablet','Apple','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet （16G WiFi Vision）','Tablet','Apple','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet （16G WiFi Vision）','Tablet','Apple','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one ','Desktop','Lenovo','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop','Desktop','Dell','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one','Desktop','Apple','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP Desktop （i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ）','Desktop','Acer','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station','server/Work station','HP','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('PowerEdge T110 IIserver','server/Work station','Dell','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop','server/Work station','Apple','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device','Laptop accessory','Sony','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Business Backpage','Laptopaccessory','Sony','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250 M4 server 2583i14','server/Work station','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Xuanlong Laptop Radiator','Laptop accessory','Windgod','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device','Laptop accessory','Sony','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Business Backpage','Laptop accessory','Sony','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
---INSERT...SELECT
INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name)] SELECT
使用的时候就这样，创建一个新的表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cates(
cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cate_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
);
然后把原数据表中的东西有选择性的插入进来
INSERT INTO CATES(CATE_NAME) SELECT GOODS_CATE FROM GOODS GROUP BY GOODS_CATE;
如果需要根据目录表cates，来更新我们的参数表——多表更新
----多表更新
--多步
UPDATE table_ref SET col_name=... ...
其中，ref是表的参照关系
这里有连接关系，INNER JOIN LEFT JOIN 等
最简单的是INNER，内连接
mysql> UPDATE GOODS INNER JOIN CATES ON GOODS_CATE=CATE_NAME
-> SET GOODS_CATE=CATE_ID;
（请原谅我不想打小写的了。。）
解释一下：更新goods这张表，内连接cates这张表，在什么条件呢——goods_cate=cate_name，设定的值是什么呢，是cates这张表中的cate_id
mysql> SELECT * FROM GOODSG; 验证一下
--一步
CREATE...SELECT...
即创建表的同时写入连接的数据
这里的例子是：对品牌做连接更新
mysql> SELECT BRAND_NAME FROM GOODS GROUP BY BRAND_NAME;
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS brands(
-> brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
-> )
-> SELECT BRAND_NAME FROM GOODS GROUP BY BRAND_NAME;
就可以省去INSERT的操作了
但是这时候更新要出错
mysql> UPDATE GOODS INNER JOIN BRANDS ON BRAND_NAME=BRAND_NAME
-> SET BRAND_NAME=BRAND_ID;
ERROR 1052 (23000): Champ: 'BRAND_NAME' dans field list est ambigu
因为名字一样，要改字段，或者起别名AS
mysql> UPDATE GOODS AS G INNER JOIN BRANDS AS B ON G.BRAND_NAME=B.BRAND_NAME
-> SET G.BRAND_NAME=BRAND_ID;
虽然实现了外表的更新，但是，比如说goods_cate的类型还是varchar，而我们其实希望主表中，它是int类型的。这时候由于需要修改字段名以及数据类型，用ALTER CHANGE
mysql> ALTER TABLE GOODS
-> CHANGE GOODS_CATE CATE_ID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-> CHANGE BRAND_NAME BRAND_ID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;
这种外键称为事实外键，比foreign key的物理外键还要多
----连接
由于我们实现了多表的存储，但是由于显示等需求，要求多个表联动，需要用到连接
数据表参照ref：tbl_name [[AS] alias] | table_subquery [AS] alias
---INNER JOIN
使用ON来设定连接条件，WHERE一般做进一步的筛选
内连接，仅显示符合连接条件的记录
SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS INNER JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
翻译一下：选取goods表中的goods_id,goods_name,cate_name字段，但是显示的时候，需要内连接cates表（因为我们不想显示的是类型的数字表示），条件是当两者的cate_id字段相等；这里由于cate_id没有给别名，所以写成表名.cate_id
会发现，这个内连接的显示，只显示了on条件的结果
---外连接
外连接又分为左外和右外
LEFT JOIN显示左表的全部记录和右表符合链接条件的记录，例子如下
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
23 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS LEFT JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 24 | LaserJet Pro P1606dn Black&White blazer printer | NULL |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意最后一个记录的类名是null
RIGHT JOIN是这样的
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS RIGHT JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| NULL | NULL | Adaptor |
| NULL | NULL | Exchanger |
| NULL | NULL | Netcard |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
26 rows in set (0.00 sec)
----多表连接
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME,BRAND_NAME,GOODS_PRICE FROM GOODS AS G
-> INNER JOIN CATES AS C ON G.CATE_ID=C.CATE_ID
-> INNER JOIN BRANDS AS B ON G.BRAND_ID=B.BRAND_ID;
每连接一个表就需要一个JOIN，注意起别名给数据表！
此时的显示虽然跟一开始一样，但实现不同，意义大不一样
----无限级分类表设计
一般实际中会出现无限级数据表，不断往下分
举个例子
CREATE TABLE goods_types(
type_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Home Electronics',DEFAULT);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('PC、Office',DEFAULT);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Appliances',1);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Life Appliances',1);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Tablet TV',3);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Air Conditioner',3);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Electrical Fan',4);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Water Dispenser',4);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Complete Machine',2);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Accessory',2);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Laptop',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Ultrabook',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Gamebook',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Host Computer',10);
mysql> SELECT * FROM GOODS_TYPES;
+---------+------------------+-----------+
| type_id | type_name | parent_id |
+---------+------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | 0 |
| 2 | PC?Office | 0 |
| 3 | Appliances | 1 |
| 4 | Life Appliances | 1 |
| 5 | Tablet TV | 3 |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | 3 |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | 4 |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | 4 |
| 9 | Complete Machine | 2 |
| 10 | Accessory | 2 |
| 11 | Laptop | 9 |
| 12 | Ultrabook | 9 |
| 13 | Gamebook | 9 |
| 14 | CPU | 10 |
| 15 | Host Computer | 10 |
+---------+------------------+-----------+
注意parent_id，是指改节点的级别，比如0，表示home electronics没有父节点，是个顶级节点
查找的实现，是通过自身连接来完成的
---自身连接
举个例子，显示所有类别的父类是什么
这里，自身的连接，可以想象右边有一张一模一样的表（左边也可以，有些东西稍微变一下就行）
mysql> SELECT S.TYPE_ID,S.TYPE_NAME,P.TYPE_NAME FROM GOODS_TYPES AS S LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS P
-> ON S.PARENT_ID=P.TYPE_ID;
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | TYPE_NAME |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | NULL |
| 2 | PC?Office | NULL |
| 3 | Appliances | Home Electronics |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Home Electronics |
| 5 | Tablet TV | Appliances |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | Appliances |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | Life Appliances |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | Life Appliances |
| 9 | Complete Machine | PC?Office |
| 10 | Accessory | PC?Office |
| 11 | Laptop | Complete Machine |
| 12 | Ultrabook | Complete Machine |
| 13 | Gamebook | Complete Machine |
| 14 | CPU | Accessory |
| 15 | Host Computer | Accessory |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
翻译一下，就是，可以先从条件说起，当子表s中的parent_id=父表中的type_id时，选取子表的type_id,type_name,以及父表的type_name显示，这里的别名可以在语句的末尾处显示
要把这个逻辑关系先说说/想想清楚，再翻译为sql语句
反过来，查找所有类别的子类
先考虑逻辑关系：当父表的type_id=子表的parent_id时，取 P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,S.TYPE_NAME ——再写出语句
mysql> SELECT P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,S.TYPE_NAME FROM GOODS_TYPES AS P LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS S
-> ON P.TYPE_ID=S.PARENT_ID;
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | TYPE_NAME |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | Appliances |
| 1 | Home Electronics | Life Appliances |
| 3 | Appliances | Tablet TV |
| 3 | Appliances | Air Conditioner |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Electrical Fan |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Water Dispenser |
| 2 | PC?Office | Complete Machine |
| 2 | PC?Office | Accessory |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Laptop |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Ultrabook |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Gamebook |
| 10 | Accessory | CPU |
| 10 | Accessory | Host Computer |
| 5 | Tablet TV | NULL |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | NULL |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | NULL |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | NULL |
| 11 | Laptop | NULL |
| 12 | Ultrabook | NULL |
| 13 | Gamebook | NULL |
| 14 | CPU | NULL |
| 15 | Host Computer | NULL |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
再复杂一点，且留给你们自己翻译
mysql> SELECT P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,COUNT(S.TYPE_NAME) CHILD_COUNT FROM GOODS_TYPES AS P LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS S
-> ON P.TYPE_ID=S.PARENT_ID GROUP BY P.TYPE_NAME ORDER BY P.TYPE_ID;
+---------+------------------+-------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | CHILD_COUNT |
+---------+------------------+-------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | 2 |
| 2 | PC?Office | 2 |
| 3 | Appliances | 2 |
| 4 | Life Appliances | 2 |
| 5 | Tablet TV | 0 |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | 0 |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | 0 |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | 0 |
| 9 | Complete Machine | 3 |
| 10 | Accessory | 2 |
| 11 | Laptop | 0 |
| 12 | Ultrabook | 0 |
| 13 | Gamebook | 0 |
| 14 | CPU | 0 |
| 15 | Host Computer | 0 |
+---------+------------------+-------------+
----多表删除
基本思路也是通过一张表模拟多张表的操作
懒了，直接复制看吧，需要了再去做
-- INSERT ... SELECT实现复制
INSERT goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECT goods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);
-- 查找重复记录
SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2;
-- 删除重复记录
DELETE t1 FROM goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) AS t2 ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;