静态注册：通过解析listene.ora文件
动态注册：由PMON进程动态注册至监听中
在没有listener.ora配置文件的情况下，如果启动监听，则监听为动态注册。用图形化netca创建的监听，默认也为动态注册
1.静态注册
listener.ora文件，监听的配置文件，静态注册读取该文件，动态注册，不必要
可以通过netca工具创建，也可以手动编辑。典型的listener.ora文件内容：
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LISTENER_PHAMR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = phamrdb1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_PHALR =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = phalr)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0)
(SID_NAME = phalr)
)
)
|
listener.ora文件两大模块：
LISTENER模块：监听名字、连接协议、监听主机、监听端口等基本配置信息
SID_LIST_LISTENER模块：配置监听的静态注册特性，包含数据库服务名、ORACLE_HOME、实例名等信息。
注意：SID_NAME，就是数据库实例名，在Linux环境大小写敏感
GLOBAL_DBNAME就是数据库服务名,可以省略，默认和SID_NAME保持一致，也可以不一致。
ORACLE_HOME，默认和$ORACLE_HOME环境变量保持一致。Windows，该参数无效，取自注册表。
静态注册，监听不知道实例的具体状态，所以监听启动之初查看实例信息，其状态信息显示为UNKNOWN.例如：
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oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> lsnrctl status LISTENER_PHAMR
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:17:37
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=phamrdb1-vip)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER_PHAMR
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 01-OCT-2016 14:12:51
Uptime 47 days 3 hr. 4 min. 45 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/phamrdb1/listener_phamr/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.178.1.64)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "phamr" has 1 instance(s). 监听状态中的服务名
Instance "phamr", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 监听状态中的实例名
The command completed successfully
|
2，动态注册
在动态注册监听的环境中，listener.ora文件可以不包括当前数据库的实例信息，所以这个文件不必要。
实例启动时，会由Oracle PMON进程将数据库实例信息动态注册至监听上。
当Oracle实例关闭时，会再次由PMON进程自动从监听里面撤销当前实例信息。
所以，要实现动态注册，数据库的实例至少要处于nomount状态
监听动态注册时的实例状态：来自PMON进程动态注册时的实例状态，一般有3种状态：READY、BLOCKED和RESTRICED
READY：表示数据库实例已经处于mount或者open状态，可以接受客户端连接
BLOCKED：表示数据库实例还处于nomount状态或者该实例类型为ASM实例，不接受客户端连接，如果这时候客户端去连
接数据库会报ora-12528错误
RESTRICED：表示数据库处于RESTRICED模式，不接受普通权限的远程客户端连接，如果这时候客户端去连接数据库会报
ora-12526错误
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oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 16:01:43
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 19 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
|
|
oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 15:58:47
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 23 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
|
实例既可以动态注册，同时静态注册，状态分别显示为READY和UNKNOWN
|
oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:50:14
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 52 min. 50 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
|
3.监听的常用命令
lsnrctl start [listener_name]
lsnrctl stop [listener_name]
lsnrctl status [listener_name]
lsnrctl service [listener_name]
lsnrctl reload [listener_name]
4.监听的别名
监听默认名字是LISTENER，可以配置别名
oracle@fsdata: /dump> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr | grep -v grep
oracle 29598 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr| grep -v grep
oracle 38300 1 0 Oct01 ? 06:21:54 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_PHAMR –inherit