自动化测试--响应请求测试（.net)

Web运行原理简单地说是“浏览器发送一个HTTP Request到Web服务器上，Web服务器处理完后将结果（HTTP Response）返回给浏览器”。

通常测试一个web api是否正确，可以通过自己coding方式模拟向Web服务器发送Http Request（设置好各参数）,然后再通过捕获Web服务器返回的Http Response并将其进行解析，验证它是否与预期的结果一致。

.net中提供的Http相关的类                                                                              

主要是在命名空间System.Net里，提供了以下几种类处理方式：

WebClient

WebRequest WebResponse

HttpWebRequest HttpWebResponse

TcpClient

Socket

（1）使用WebRequest 获取指定URL的内容测试code

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;

namespace Testing01
{
    class WebRequestTest
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string url = @"http://www.baidu.com";
            //string html = TestWebClient(url);
            //string html = TestWebRequest(url);            
            string html = TestHttpWebRequest(url);            
            Console.WriteLine(html);
            Console.Read();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用WebClient发出http request
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string TestWebClient(string url)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Testing WebClient......");
            WebClient wc = new WebClient();            
            Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url);
            string result = "";
            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                result = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return result;

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用WebClient发出http request
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string TestWebRequest(string url)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Testing WebRequest......");
            WebRequest wr = WebRequest.Create(url);
            wr.Method = "GET";
            WebResponse response = wr.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            string result = "";
            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                result = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用HttpWebClient发出http request
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string TestHttpWebRequest(string url)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Testing HttpWebRequest......");
            HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            wr.Method = "GET";
            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            string result = "";
            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                result = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

（2）获取指定URL（带Cookie）的WebRequest内容测试code

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;

namespace Testing01
{
    class TestHttpWebRequestWithCookie
    {
        static void Main(string[] args) 
        {
            string url = "https://passport.xxx.com/account/login";
            CookieContainer myCookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;
            string postdata = "bkurl=&LoginName=abc&Password=123456&RememberMe=false";
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.KeepAlive = true;
            byte[] postdata_byte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            request.ContentLength = postdata_byte.Length;

            Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream();
            stream.Write(postdata_byte, 0, postdata_byte.Length);
            stream.Close();

            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            StreamReader srRes = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(),Encoding.UTF8);
            string content = srRes.ReadToEnd();
            response.Close();
            srRes.Close();

            string cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(new Uri(url));
            Console.WriteLine("***********第一次cookie内容：" + cookieString);

            request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://my.xxx.com/xxx/xxx_list.asp");
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;
            request.Headers.Add("Cookie:" + cookieString);
            request.KeepAlive = true;
            response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            //cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri) + ";" + cookieString;
           // Console.WriteLine("***********第二次cookie内容：" + cookieString);
            StreamReader srR = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
            string result = srR.ReadToEnd();
            srR.Close();
            Console.WriteLine("**************result:" + result.Substring(500));
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

（3）如何跟Https网站交互

我们用浏览器打开HTTPS的网站，如果我们没有安装证书，通常页面会显示 "此网站的安全证书有问题"，我们必须再次点"继续浏览此网站(不推荐)"才能查看页面信息.

如下图所示

 那么我们的程序，如何忽略HTTPS证书错误呢？

只要在程序中加入下面这段代码，就可以忽略HTTPS证书错误，让我们的程序能和HTTPS网站正确的交互了.

System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>
                {
                    return true;
                };

（4）采用POST提交Web Request

public static string GetResponse(string url, string method, string data)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
                req.KeepAlive = true;
                req.Method = method.ToUpper();
                req.AllowAutoRedirect = true;
                req.CookieContainer = CookieContainers;
                req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

                req.UserAgent = IE7;
                req.Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8";
                req.Timeout = 50000;

                if (method.ToUpper() == "POST" && data != null)
                {
                    ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();
                    byte[] postBytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); ;
                    req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
                    Stream st = req.GetRequestStream();
                    st.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
                    st.Close();
                }

                System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>
                {
                    return true;
                };

                Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8");

                HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
                Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst, myEncoding);
                string str = sr.ReadToEnd();

                return str;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }
        }

参考文章地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/TankXiao/archive/2012/02/20/2350421.html