Chapter 11Creating Other Schema Objects Sequence

Sequences

A sequence:

• Can automatically generate unique numbers
• Is a shareable object
• Can be used to create a primary key value
• Replace application code
• Speeds up the efficiency of accessing sequence values when cached in memory.

CREATE SEQUENCE Statement Syntax

Define a sequence to generate sequential numbers automatically:

CREATE SEQUENCE sequence
[INCREMENT BY n]
[START WIT n]
[{MAXVALUE n | NOMAXVALUE}]
[{MINVALUE n | NOMINVALUE}]
[{CYCLE | NOCYCLE}]
[{CACHE n | NOCACHE}]

Creating a Sequence

Create a sequence named DEPT_DEPTID_SEQ to be used for the primary key of the DEPARTMENTS table,and Do not use the CYCLE option

CREATE SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq
INCREMENT BY 10
START WITH 120
MAXVALUE 9999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;

NEXTVAL and CURRVAL Pseudocolumns

NEXTVAL returns the next available sequence value.It returns a unique value every time it is referenced,even for different users.

CURRVAL obtains the current sequence value.

NEXTVAL must be issued for that sequence before CURRVAL contains a value.

使用SEQUENCE

如果首次创建SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq，执行SELECT dept_deptid_seq.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;会报错

SQL> select dept_deptid_seq.currval from dual;
select dept_deptid_seq.currval from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08002: sequence DEPT_DEPTID_SEQ.CURRVAL is not yet defined in this session

必须先执行SELECT dept_deptid_seq.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;然后再执行SELECT dept_deptid_seq.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;

Caching Sequence Values

• Caching sequence values in memory gives faster access to those values
• Gaps in sequence values can occur when:
  • -A rollback occurs
  • -The system crashes
  • -A sequence is used in another table

Modifying a Sequence

Change the increment value,maximum value,minimum value,cycle option,or cache option,but you can not modify the start with keyword

ALTER SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq
INCREMENT BY 20
MAXIMUM 999999
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE;

Guidelines for Modifying a Sequence

• You must be the owner or have the ALTER privilege for the sequence
• Only future sequence numbers are affected
• The sequence must be dropped and re-created to restart the sequence at a different number
• Some validation is performed

Drop Sequence

To remove a sequence ,use the DROP SEQUENCE statement

DROP SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq;