iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍

iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍

一、多控制器

一个iOS的app很少只由一个控制器组成,除非这个app极其简单。当app中有多个控制器的时候,我们就需要对这些控制器进行管理

有多个view时，可以用一个大的view去管理1个或者多个小view，控制器也是如此，用1个控制器去管理其他多个控制器

比如，用一个控制器A去管理3个控制器B、C、D。控制器A被称为控制器B、C、D的“父控制器”；控制器B、C、D的被称为控制器A的“子控制器”

为了便于管理控制器，iOS提供了2个比较特殊的控制器

UINavigationController

UITabBarController

二、导航控制器

利用UINavigationController，可以轻松地管理多个控制器，轻松完成控制器之间的切换，典型例子就是系统自带的“设置”应用

如图：

三、UINavigationController的使用步骤

（1）初始化UINavigationController

（2）设置UIWindow的rootViewController为UINavigationController

（3）根据具体情况，通过push方法添加对应个数的子控制器

 1 #import "TXAppDelegate.h"
 2 #import "TXOneViewController.h"
 3 
 4 @implementation TXAppDelegate
 5 
 6 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
 7 {
 8     self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
 9     self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
10     
11     //1.创建一个导航控制器
12     UINavigationController *nav=[[UINavigationController alloc]init];
13     //2.设置导航控制器为window的根视图
14     self.window.rootViewController=nav;
15 
16     
17     //3.添加子控制器到导航控制器中
18     //创建一些控制器
19     UIViewController *c1=[[UIViewController alloc]init];
20     //设置c1这个控制器的视图颜色
21     c1.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];
22     
23     UIViewController *c2=[[UIViewController alloc]init];
24     c2.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor purpleColor];
25     
26     UIViewController *c3=[[UIViewController alloc]init];
27     c3.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor brownColor];
28     
29 //把这些控制器添加到导航控制器中
30     [nav pushViewController:c1 animated:YES];
31     [nav pushViewController:c2 animated:YES];
32     [nav pushViewController:c3 animated:YES];
33     
34     [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
35     return YES;
36 }

运行模拟器，可以看到一个简陋的有着三个子控制器管理着页面。

但呈现在我们眼前的只能有一个界面，我们没有必要一次性创建三个控制器在这里等着。

要求：创建三个子控制器，每个子控制器view的界面上放一个按钮，点击可以跳转到下一个界面。

实现(完成三个页面间通过按钮进行简单的跳转)：

说明：这里把第一个子控制器的创建等代码写在了代理方法中。

TXAppDelegate.m文件代码

//  TXAppDelegate.m
//  20-导航控制器(代码)
//
//  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TXAppDelegate.h"
#import "TXOneViewController.h"
@implementation TXAppDelegate
//    UIViewController *vc1 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
//    vc1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
//    [nav pushViewController:vc1 animated:YES];

//    UIViewController *vc2 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
//    vc2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
//    [nav pushViewController:vc2 animated:YES];
//
//    UIViewController *vc3 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];
//    vc3.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
//    [nav pushViewController:vc3 animated:YES];

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
    self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
    // Override point for customization after application launch.
    self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    
    //1.创建导航条控制器
    TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];
    UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc]initWithRootViewController:one];
    
    // 存放所有子控制器的栈
    //    nav.viewControllers
    // 这个数组也存放子控制器
    //    nav.childViewControllers
    // 2.添加子控制器
    //    TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];
    //    [nav addChildViewController:one];
    //    [nav pushViewController:one animated:YES];
    //    nav.viewControllers = @[one];
    
    //3.设置为窗口的跟控制器
    
    
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    
    
    
    
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
    return YES;
}

创建三个子控件类及对应的xib文件

TXOneViewController.m文件

//
//  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TXOneViewController.h"
#import "TXTwoViewController.h"
@interface TXOneViewController ()
- (IBAction)jumpTwo;

@end

@implementation TXOneViewController

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 修改下一个界面返回按钮的文字
    self.navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"返回" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:nil action:nil];
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCamera target:nil action:nil];

    
    
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (IBAction)jumpTwo {
    TXTwoViewController *two = [[TXTwoViewController alloc]init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:two animated:YES];
    
}
@end

TXTwoViewController.m文件

//  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TXTwoViewController.h"
#import "TXThreeViewController.h"
@interface TXTwoViewController ()
- (IBAction)jumpThree;

@end

@implementation TXTwoViewController

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.navigationItem.titleView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeContactAdd];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (IBAction)jumpThree {
    TXThreeViewController *three = [[TXThreeViewController alloc]init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:three animated:YES];
    
}
@end

TXThreeViewController.m文件

#import "TXThreeViewController.h"

@interface TXThreeViewController ()
- (IBAction)backTwo;

- (IBAction)backOne;

@end

@implementation TXThreeViewController

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.navigationItem.title = @"第3个控制器";
    
    
    UIBarButtonItem *item1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];
    
    UIBarButtonItem *item2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCompose target:nil action:nil];
    
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = @[item1, item2];

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (IBAction)backTwo {
    // 移除栈顶控制器即可
    [self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
    //    [self.navigationController popToViewController:two animated:ye];
}

- (IBAction)backOne {
    [self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];
    //    [self.navigationController popToViewController:one animated:<#(BOOL)#>];


}
@end

提示：只要当前控制器是导航控制器的子控制器，那么就可以通过self.navigationController属性直接获取到当前控制器所在的导航控制器

项目文件结构和运行效果：