zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Harbour.Space Scholarship Contest 2021-2022 (Div. 1 + Div. 2) 题解 (ABCDEF)

    比赛传送门

    A. Digits Sum

    显然 (S(x+1)<S(x)) 当且仅当 (x) 个位是 9,所以列个式子即可。

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    void Solve() {
    	int n = read();
    	print((n + 1) / 10, 1);
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    B. Reverse String

    字符串做太少了,我瞎想了个哈希。

    枚举 s 串的的第一种操作的起点和终点,这对应了 s 串的一个子串,用哈希判断其是否位 t 串的前缀(第一个操作)。然后 for 循环判断 t 串的后缀是否合法(第二个操作)。(这个 for 循环也可以哈希 / kmp,为了手速就不写了)

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    mt19937 rnd(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
    int x = rnd() % 100;
    template<typename string>
    struct Hash{
    	template<int b,int mod>
    	struct hs{
    		vector<int> a,p;
    		hs(const string &s=""){
    			a={0},p={1};
    			for(auto c:s){
    				a.push_back((1ll*a.back()*b+(c^x))%mod);
    				p.push_back(1ll*p.back()*b%mod);
    			}
    		}
    		ll q(int l,int r){
    			return (a[r+1]-1ll*a[l]*p[r-l+1]%mod+mod)%mod;
    		}
    	};
    	hs<257,1000000007> h1;
    	hs<257,2147483647> h2;
    	Hash(const string &s):h1(s),h2(s){}
    	pair<ll, ll> query(int l,int r){
    		return {h1.q(l,r),h2.q(l,r)};
    	}
    };
    char s[N], t[N];
    void Solve() {
    	scanf("%s%s", s, t);
    	int n = strlen(s), m = strlen(t);
    	Hash<string> ss(s), tt(t);
    	repeat (i, 0, m)
    	repeat (j, 0, n - i)
    	if (ss.query(j, j + i) == tt.query(0, i)) {
    		int f = true;
    		repeat (p, i + 1, m)
    		if (t[p] != s[i + j - p + i]) {
    			f = false;
    			break;
    		}
    		if (f) { OK; }
    	}
    	GG;
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    C. Penalty

    非常容易可得,要么 A 球队赢要么 B 球队赢要么平(废话)。

    对于前一种情况,我们要让所有 ? 尽可能让 A 得分,至少不让 B 得分。每个球后判断 A 是否稳赢了。第二种情况也类似。

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    char s[N];
    void Solve() {
    	scanf("%s", s);
    	auto cnt = array<int, 2>{0};
    	int ans = 10;
    	repeat (i, 0, 10) {
    		if (s[i] == '1') cnt[i % 2]++;
    		else if (s[i] == '?' && i % 2 == 1) cnt[1]++;
    		if ((9 - i) / 2 < cnt[1] - cnt[0])
    			ans = min(ans, i + 1);
    	}
    	cnt = array<int, 2>{0};
    	repeat (i, 0, 10) {
    		if (s[i] == '1') cnt[i % 2]++;
    		else if (s[i] == '?' && i % 2 == 0) cnt[0]++;
    		if ((9 - i + 1) / 2 < cnt[0] - cnt[1])
    			ans = min(ans, i + 1);
    	}
    	print(ans, 1);
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    D. Backspace

    贪心。

    显然一开始可以进行任意次 backspace,就不太好操作。考虑反过来,如果 s 最后一个字符和 t 最后相同,就进行匹配,否则这个字符将替换位 backspace(这导致这个字符和它前一个字符都从 s 中消失)。

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    #define int ll
    char s[N], t[N];
    void Solve() {
    	scanf("%s%s", s, t);
    	int n = strlen(s), m = strlen(t);
    	int p = m - 1;
    	repeat_back (i, 0, n) {
    		if (p >= 0 && s[i] == t[p]) {
    			p--;
    		} else {
    			i--;
    		}
    	}
    	if (p == -1) OK;
    	GG;
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    E. Permutation Shift

    初看真的被吓到了,什么 shift,还交换。但是做法真的好简单。()

    这题的关键是 m 的范围 (0 le m le dfrac{n}{3})

    首先,先 shift 再交换,还是先交换再 shift,其实没区别。我们先 shift p 数组,然后交换来让 p 变回 identity 排列。

    排列变回 identity 需要的交换次数是多少?(群论的知识不多讲了,我语言能力太菜)次数是 (排列长度 - 排列分解为循环置换的个数)。

    由于 m 最大为 (dfrac{n}{3}),直接可以推出 shift 操作后 (p_i = i) 的个数至少为 (dfrac{n}{3})

    所以问题就很简单了,答案的个数最多为 3,我们只要统计 ((p_i - i)mod n) 的个数。如果大于等于 (dfrac n 3),就跑一遍把 p 左移 ((p_i - i)mod n) 后的排列,统计它的循环置换个数。

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    int Count(int a[],int n){
    	static bool vis[N];
    	int cnt=0;
    	fill(vis,vis+n,0);
    	repeat(i,0,n)if(!vis[i]){
    		for(int p=a[i];p!=i;p=a[p])
    			vis[p]=1;
    		cnt++;
    	}
    	return cnt;
    }
    vector<int> ans;
    int a[N], cnt[N];
    int b[N];
    void Solve() {
    	ans.clear();
    	int n = read(), k = read();
    	fill(cnt, cnt + n, 0);
    	repeat (i, 0, n) {
    		a[i] = read() - 1;
    		cnt[(i + n - a[i]) % n]++;
    	}
    	repeat (i, 0, n) {
    		if (cnt[i] >= n / 3) {
    			repeat (j, 0, n) b[j] = a[(j + i) % n];
    			if (n - Count(b, n) <= k)
    				ans.push_back(i);
    		}
    	}
    	sort(ans.begin(), ans.end());
    	print(ans.size());
    	repeat (i, 0, ans.size())
    		print(ans[i], i == ib - 1); 
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    F. Pairwise Modulo

    这题 (a_i eq a_j) 太有用了,去掉我就不会做了。

    把问题分为两部分:

    1. 维护一个集合,支持插入 x,查询 (displaystylesum_{iin ext Set}i mod x)
    2. 维护一个集合,支持插入 x,查询 (displaystylesum_{iin ext Set}x mod i)

    对于第一个部分,先把 (i mod x) 写成 (i-xlfloordfrac{i}{x} floor)(sum i) 简单,x 是常量,(sumlfloordfrac{i}{x} floor) 可以用线段树 / 树状数组维护(单点修改,区间求和),在线段树的集合元素位置记录 1,查询 ([x, 2x-1][2x,3x-1]...)。咋一看好像 (O(n)) 次查询,实则因为 (a_i) 互不相等,所以平均 (O(log n)) 查询,复杂度 (O(nlog^2n))

    对于第二部分,还是把 (x mod i) 写成 (x-ilfloordfrac{x}{i} floor)。如果暴力数论分块 + 线段树,复杂度 (O(nsqrt nlog n)) 过不了,所以需要反一下。考虑把 i 加入集合时对未来 x 的贡献,在 ([i, 2i-1][2i,3i-1]...) 这些位置区间加 1, 2, ...。所以就是区间加单点查询的线段树 / 树状数组,(O(nlog^2n))

    #include <bits/stdc++.h>
    #define repeat(i, a, b) for (int i = (a), ib = (b); i < ib; i++)
    #define repeat_back(i, a, b) for (int i = (b) - 1, ib = (a);i >= ib; i--)
    using namespace std;
    namespace start {
    	typedef long long ll; const int inf = INT_MAX >> 1; const ll INF = INT64_MAX >> 1;
    		ll read() { ll x; if (scanf("%lld", &x) != 1) exit(0); return x; } // will detect EOF
    		void print(ll x, bool e = 0) { printf("%lld%c", x, " 
    "[e]); }
    	const int N = 500010;
    } using namespace start;
    #define OK { puts("Yes"); return; }
    #define GG { puts("No"); return; }
    #define int ll
    struct zkw {
    	const ll a0 = 0;
    	int n; ll a[N * 4];
    	void init(int inn, ll in[] = nullptr) { // A[x] = a0 or in[x]
    		n = 1; while (n < inn) n <<= 1;
    		fill(a + n, a + n * 2, a0);
    		if (in) repeat (i, 0, inn) a[n + i] = in[i];
    		repeat_back (i, 1, n) up(i);
    	}
    	void up(int x) { // private
    		a[x] = a[x * 2] + a[x * 2 + 1];
    	}
    	void add(int x, ll k) { // A[x] += k
    		x += n;
    		a[x] += 1;
    		while (x >>= 1) up(x);
    	}
    	ll sum(int l, int r) { // U(A[l, r])
    		ll ans = a0; l += n - 1, r += n + 1;
    		while (l + 1 < r){
    			if (~l & 1) ans = (ans + a[l + 1]);
    			if ( r & 1) ans = (ans + a[r - 1]);
    			l >>= 1, r >>= 1;
    		}
    		return ans;
    	}
    } zkw, tr;
    int ans[N];
    void Solve() {
    	int n = read();
    	zkw.init(300000); tr.init(300000);
    	ll sum = 0;
    	repeat (i, 0, n) {
    		int x = read(); sum += x;
    		zkw.add(x, 1);
    		if (i) ans[i] = ans[i - 1]; 
    		ans[i] += sum;
    		ans[i] += x * i - tr.sum(0, x);
    		for (int j = x; j <= 300000; j += x) {
    			// orz(j, j + x - 1);
    			// cout << tr.qb(j, j + x - 1) << endl; pause;
    			ans[i] -= zkw.sum(j, min(300000ll, j + x - 1)) * j;
    			tr.add(j, j / x * x);
    			tr.add(min(300000ll, j + x - 1) + 1, -j / x * x);
    		}
    		print(ans[i], i == n - 1);
    	}
    }
    signed main() {
    	// freopen("data.txt", "r", stdin);
    	int T = 1; // T = read();
    	repeat (ca, 1, T + 1) {
    		Solve();
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
  • 相关阅读:
    lesson
    lesson
    课后习题-5
    lesson
    lesson
    lesson
    重启网络服务时 Bringing up interface eth0
    课后习题-4
    基础扩展
    课后习题-3
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/axiomofchoice/p/15047141.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看