Docker Compose

Docker Compose是 docker 提供的一个命令行工具，用来定义和运行由多个容器组成的应用

使用 compose，可以通过 YAML 文件声明式的定义应用程序的各个服务，并由单个命令完成应用的创建和启动

Docker Compose 将所管理的容器分为三层：

　　工程（project）

　　服务（service）

　　容器（container）

Docker Compose 运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml）组成一个工程

一个工程包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖，一个服务可包括多个容器实例

Docker Compose的配置文件是docker-compose.yml

1.查看版本

docker-compose -v

2.命令格式

docker-compose --help

docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
Options:
  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file
                              (default: docker-compose.yml)
  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name
                              (default: directory name)
  --verbose                   Show more output
  --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
  --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters
  -v, --version               Print version and exit
  -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to

  --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
  --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
                              name specified in the client certificate
  --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
                              (default: the path of the Compose file)
  --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert deploy
                              keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
Commands:
  build              Build or rebuild services
  bundle             Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
  config             Validate and view the Compose file
  create             Create services
  down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
  events             Receive real time events from containers
  exec               Execute a command in a running container
  help               Get help on a command
  images             List images
  kill               Kill containers
  logs               View output from containers
  pause              Pause services
  port               Print the public port for a port binding
  ps                 List containers
  pull               Pull service images
  push               Push service images
  restart            Restart services
  rm                 Remove stopped containers
  run                Run a one-off command
  scale              Set number of containers for a service
  start              Start services
  stop               Stop services
  top                Display the running processes
  unpause            Unpause services
  up                 Create and start containers
  version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

3.使用docker-compose up构建、启动容器

格式

docker-compose up [options] [SERVICE...]

说明：

　　该命令可以自动完成包括构建镜像，(重新)创建服务，启动服务，并关联服务相关容器的一系列操作

　　docker-compose up启动的容器都在前台，控制台将会同时打印所有容器的输出信息，可以很方便进行调试

　　使用docker-compose up -d，后台启动并运行容器

　　使用docker-compose pull [serviceName]，更新本地的镜像

eg：

　　安装 kafka

　　docker-compose.yml

version: '2'
services:
  zookeeper:
    image: zookeeper:latest

  kafka:
    image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper
    ports:
      - 9092:9092
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:29092,PLAINTEXT_HOST://localhost:9092
      KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_HOST:PLAINTEXT
      KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: PLAINTEXT
      KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1

　我是用的是Docker Toolbox，将该文件放到Docker Toolbox所在的目录下，eg：D:Program FilesDocker Toolbox

　运行

docker-compose up -d

docker-compose.yml 说明：

version：指定 docker-compose.yml 文件的写法格式

services：多个容器集合

image：指定服务所使用的镜像

environment：环境变量配置，可以用数组或字典两种方式

expose：暴露端口，只将端口暴露给连接的服务，而不暴露给主机

ports：对外暴露的端口定义，和 expose 对应

links：将指定容器连接到当前连接，可以设置别名，避免ip方式导致的容器重启动态改变的无法连接情况

depends_on：解决了容器的依赖、启动先后的问题

　　build：指定 Dockerfile 所在文件夹的路径

查看所有容器

docker-compose ps
          Name                         Command               State        Ports
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dockertoolbox_kafka_1       /etc/confluent/docker/run        Up      0.0.0.0:9092->9092/tcp
dockertoolbox_zookeeper_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh zkSe ...   Up      2181/tcp, 2888/tcp, 3888/tcp, 8080/tcp

使用docker查看

docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                                    NAMES
000f56dba572        confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest   "/etc/confluent/dock…"   16 minutes ago      Up 3 minutes               0.0.0.0:9092->9092/tcp                   dockertoolbox_kafka_1
05d07d85916b        zookeeper:latest               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes              2181/tcp, 2888/tcp, 3888/tcp, 8080/tcp   dockertoolbox_zookeeper_1

查看服务日志输出

docker-compose logs

绑定的公共端口

docker-compose port kafka 9092
0.0.0.0:9092

启动指定服务已存在的容器

docker-compose start kafka
Starting kafka ... done
docker-compose ps

          Name                         Command               State     Ports
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dockertoolbox_kafka_1       /etc/confluent/docker/run        Up        0.0.0.0:9092->9092/tcp
dockertoolbox_zookeeper_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh zkSe ...   Up        2181/tcp, 2888/tcp, 3888/tcp, 8080/tcp

停止已运行的服务的容器

docker-compose stop kafka
Stopping dockertoolbox_kafka_1 ... done

docker-compose ps

          Name                         Command               State       Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dockertoolbox_kafka_1       /etc/confluent/docker/run        Exit 143

dockertoolbox_zookeeper_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh zkSe ...   Up          2181/tcp, 2888/tcp, 3888/tcp, 8080/tcp