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  • 浅谈javascript函数劫持[转载]

    一篇非常好的javascript Function应用文章。
    原文地址: http://www.xfocus.net/articles/200712/963.html

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    一、概述

    javascript函数劫持,也就是老外提到的javascript hijacking技术。最早还是和剑心同学讨论问题时偶然看到的一段代码,大概这样写的:
    window.alert = function(s) {};
    觉得这种用法很巧妙新颖,和API Hook异曲同工,索性称之为javascript function hook,也就是函数劫持。通过替换js函数的实现来达到劫持这个函数调用的目的,一个完整的hook alert函数例子如下:

    <!--1.htm-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var _alert = alert;
    window.alert = function(s) {
    if (confirm("是否要弹框框,内容是\"" + s + "\"?")) {
    _alert(s);
    }
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <html>
    <body>
    <input type="button" onclick="javascript: alert(Hello World!)" value="test" />
    </body>
    </html>



    搞过API Hook的同学们看到这个代码一定会心的一笑,先保存原函数实现,然后替换为我们自己的函数实现,添加我们自己的处理逻辑后最终再调用原来的函数实现,这样这个alert函数就被我们劫持了。原理非常简单,下面举些典型的应用来看看我们能利用它来做些什么。

    二、应用举例

    1. 实现一个简易的javascript debugger,这里说是debugger比较标题党,其实只是有点类似于debugger的功能,主要利用js函数劫持来实现函数的break point,来看看个简单的例子:

    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var _eval = eval;
    eval = function(s) {
    if (confirm("eval被调用\n\n调用函数\n" + eval.caller + "\n\n调用参数\n" + s)) {
    _eval(s);
    }
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <html>
    <head>
    </head>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    function test() {
    var a = "alert(1)";
    eval(a);
    }

    function t() {
    test();
    }

    t();
    //-->
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>



    通过js函数劫持中断函数执行,并显示参数和函数调用者代码,来看一个完整例子的效果:

    >help
    debug commands:

    bp <function name> - set a breakpoint on a function, e.g. "bp window.alert".
    bl - list all breakpoints.
    bc <breakpoint number> - remove a breakpoint by specified number, e.g. "bc 0".
    help - help information.

    >bp window.alert
    * breakpoint on function "window.alert" added successfully.

    >bl
    * 1 breakpoints:
    0 - window.alert

    >bc 0
    * breakpoint on function "window.alert" deleted successfully.



    这里演示设置断点,察看断点和删除断点,完整代码在本文附录[1]给出。

    2. 设置陷阱实时捕捉跨站测试者,搞跨站的人总习惯用alert来确认是否存在跨站,如果你要监控是否有人在测试你的网站xss的话,可以在你要监控的页面里hook alert函数,记录alert调用情况:

    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    function log(s) {
    var img = new Image();
    img.style.width = img.style.height = 0;
    img.src = "http://yousite.com/log.php?caller=" + encodeURIComponent(s);
    }

    var _alert = alert;
    window.alert = function(s) {
    log(alert.caller);
    _alert(s);
    }
    //-->
    </script>



    当然,你这个函数要加到页面的最开始,而且还要比较隐蔽一些,赫赫,你甚至可以使alert不弹框或者弹个警告框,让测试者抓狂一把。

    3. 实现DOM XSS自动化扫描,目前一般的XSS自动化扫描的方法是从http返回结果中搜索特征来确定是否存在漏洞,但是这种方法不适用于扫描DOM XSS,因为DOM XSS是由客户端脚本造成的,比如前段时间剑心发现的google的跨站(见附录[2])原理如下:

    document.write(document.location.hash);



    这样的跨站无法反映在http response里,所以传统扫描方法没法扫描出来。但是如果你从上个例子里受到启发的话,一定会想到设置陷阱的办法,DOM XSS最终导致alert被执行,所以我们hook alert函数设置陷阱,如果XSS成功则会去调用alert函数,触发我们的陷阱记录结果,这样就可以实现DOM XSS的自动化扫描,陷阱代码类似于上面。

    4. 灵活的使用js劫持辅助你的页面代码分析工作,比如分析网页木马时,经常会有通过eval或者document.write来进行加密的情况,于是我们编写段hook eval和document.write的小工具,辅助解密:

    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var _eval = eval;
    eval = window.execScript = window.document.write = window.document.writeln = function(s) {
    document.getElementById("output").value = s;
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <html>
    <body>
    input:
    <!--<textarea id="input" cols="80" rows="10"></textarea>-->
    <input type="button" onclick="javascript: _eval(document.getElementById(input).value);" value="decode" />
    <br />
    output:
    <!--<textarea id="output" cols="80" rows="10"></textarea>-->
    </body>
    </html>



    在input框里输入加密的代码:

    eval(unescape("%61%6C%65%72%74%28%31%29%3B"));



    在output框里输出解码后的代码:

    alert(1);



    当然你还能想到更多的灵活应用:)


    三、反劫持

    谈到劫持也就必然要谈谈反劫持的话题,假设你要写一个健壮的xss playload,就需要考虑反劫持,有两个问题要解决:

    如何判断是否被劫持了?
    如果发现被劫持了,如何反劫持?

    1. 判断某个函数是否被劫持,这个好办,写个小程序对比一下一个函数被hook前后,有什么差别:

    <!--<textarea id="tb1" cols="80" rows="8"></textarea>-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    document.getElementById("tb1").value = eval + "\n";
    var _eval = eval;
    eval = function(s) {
    alert(s);
    _eval(s);
    }
    document.getElementById("tb1").value += eval;
    //-->
    </script>



    结果:

    function eval() {
    [native code]
    }

    function(s) {
    alert(s);
    _eval(s);
    }



    我们发现那些内置函数是[native code],而自定义的则是具体的函数定义,用这个特征就可以简单的检测函数是否被劫持:

    function checkHook(proc) {
    if (proc.toString().indexOf("[native code]") > 0) {
    return false;
    } else {
    return true;
    }
    }



    2. 如何反劫持,第一个想法就是恢复被劫持的函数,如果劫持的人把原函数保存在某个变量里那还好办,直接调用原函数就可以了,但是劫持者自己也没保存副本怎么办,只能自己创建个新的环境,然后用新环境里的干净的函数来恢复我们这里被hook了的,怎么创建新环境?整个新的iframe好了,里面就是个全新的环境。ok,动手吧:

    function unHook(proc) {
    var f = document.createElement("iframe");
    f.style.border = "0";
    f.style.width = "0";
    f.style.height = "0";
    document.body.appendChild(f);

    var d = f.contentWindow.document;
    d.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\">window.parent.escape = escape;<\/script>");
    d.close();
    }



    综合1、2节,整个测试代码如下:

    <!--antihook.htm-->
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    escape = function(s) {
    return s;
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <html>
    <body>
    <input type="button" onclick="javascript: test();" value="test" />
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    function test() {
    alert(escape("s y"));

    if (checkHook(escape)) {
    unHook(escape);
    }

    alert(escape("s y"));
    }

    function checkHook(proc) {
    if (proc.toString().indexOf("[native code]") > 0) {
    return false;
    } else {
    return true;
    }
    }

    function unHook(proc) {
    var f = document.createElement("iframe");
    f.style.border = "0";
    f.style.width = "0";
    f.style.height = "0";
    document.body.appendChild(f);

    var d = f.contentWindow.document;
    d.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\">window.parent.escape = escape;<\/script>");
    d.close();
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>



    3. 不是上面两个问题都解决了么,为什么要有第3节?因为那不是个最好的解决办法,既然我们可以创建全新的iframe,何不把代码直接放到全新iframe 里执行呢,这样做的话绿色环保,既不用考虑当前context里的hook问题,也不用改动当前context,不会影响本身的程序执行。给出两个比较通用点的函数:

    function createIframe(w) {
    var d = w.document;
    var newIframe = d.createElement("iframe");
    newIframe.style.width = 0;
    newIframe.style.height = 0;
    d.body.appendChild(newIframe);
    newIframe.contentWindow.document.write("<html><body></body></html>");
    return newIframe;
    }

    function injectScriptIntoIframe(f, proc) {
    var d = f.contentWindow.document;
    var s = "<script>\n(" + proc.toString() + ")();\n</script>";
    d.write(s);
    }

    把你的payload封装进一个函数,然后调用这两个方法来在iframe里执行:

    function payload() {
    // your code goes here
    }

    var f = createIframe(top);
    injectScriptIntoIframe(f, payload);



    四、最后

    由于国内很少有见文章提及这个东西,所以才草成这篇,希望能够抛砖引玉。由于本人水平有限,难免有错误或者疏漏之处请谅解,没有说清楚的地方,欢迎和我交流。

    还有就是一些不得不感谢的人,感谢剑心一直以来毫无保留的交流,感谢黑锅多次鼓励我把自己的心得体会写成文字,感谢幻影所有的朋友们、B.C.T的朋友们以及群里那帮经常一起扯淡的朋友们。

    广告一下,没法幻影blog的朋友,可以添加hosts来突破:
    72.14.219.190 pstgroup.blogspot.com

    五、附录

    [1] 简易的javascript inline debugger代码

    <!--test.htm-->
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head><title>Javascript Inline Debugger</title></head>
    <body>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="js_inline_debugger.js"></script>
    <input type="button" value="hahaha" onclick="javascript: alert(this.value);" style="margin-left: 300px;" />
    </body>
    </html>


    /*
    FileName: js_inline_debugger.js
    Author: luoluo
    Contact: luoluonet_at_yahoo.cn
    Date: 2007-6-27
    Version: 0.1
    Usage:
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
    </head>
    <body>
    <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="js_inline_debugger.js"></script>
    </body>
    </html>
    Instruction:
    It is a simple javascript inline debugger. You must add xhtml1-transitional dtd to your
    html document if you wanna to use the script.
    */

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    // 公用的函数
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    // 判断是否是IE
    function isIE() {
    return document.all && window.external;
    }

    // 去除字符串两边的空格
    String.prototype.trim = function() {
    var re = /(^\s*)|(\s*)$/g;
    return this.replace(re, "");
    }

    // 删除数组中某个元素
    Array.prototype.remove = function(i) {
    var o = this[i];
    for (var j = i; j < this.length - 1; j ++) {
    this[j] = this[j + 1];
    }
    -- this.length;
    return o;
    }

    // 判断一个数组中是否存在相同的元素
    Array.prototype.search = function(o) {
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i ++) {
    if (this[i] == o) {
    return i;
    }
    }

    return -1;
    }

    // html编码
    function htmlEncode(s) {
    s = s.replace(/&/g, "&");
    s = s.replace(/</g, "<");
    s = s.replace(/>/g, ">");
    s = s.replace(/\"/g, """);
    s = s.replace(/\/g, """);

    return s;
    }

    // js编码
    function jsEncode(s) {
    s = s.replace(/\\/g, "\\\\");
    s = s.replace(/\n/g, "\\n");
    s = s.replace(/\"/g, "\\\"");
    s = s.replace(/\/g, "\\\");
    return s;
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------//
    // 命令行窗口工具
    //--------------------------------------------------------------//
    function Console(parentNode, processInputProc) {
    // 窗口
    var panel = document.createElement("div");
    panel.style.width = "250px";
    panel.style.height = "250px";
    panel.style.borderColor = "#666666";
    panel.style.borderWidth = "1px";
    panel.style.backgroundColor = "#ffffff";
    panel.style.borderStyle = "solid";
    panel.style.position = "absolute";
    panel.style.zIndex = 100;
    parentNode.appendChild(panel);

    // 标题栏
    var title = document.createElement("div");
    title.style.width = "250px";
    title.style.height = "15px";
    title.style.backgroundColor = "#dddddd";
    title.style.fontSize = "12px";
    title.style.fontFamily = "verdana,tahoma";
    panel.appendChild(title);

    // 标题栏拖动窗口功能
    var isDragging = false;
    var startPos = new Position(panel.offsetLeft, panel.offsetTop);
    var startMousePos = new Position(0, 0);

    title.onmouseover = function(evt) {
    this.style.cursor = "pointer";
    }

    title.onmousedown = function(evt) {
    if (isDragging == true) {
    return;
    }

    var event = evt || window.event;
    startMousePos.x = event.clientX;
    startMousePos.y = event.clientY;
    isDragging = true;
    }

    title.onmousemove = function(evt) {
    if (isDragging == false) {
    return;
    }

    activateWindow();
    var event = evt || window.event;
    panel.style.left = (event.clientX - startMousePos.x) + startPos.x + "px";
    panel.style.top = (event.clientY - startMousePos.y) + startPos.y + "px";
    }

    title.onmouseup = function(evt) {
    if (isDragging == false) {
    return;
    }

    var event = evt || window.event;
    startPos.x = (event.clientX - startMousePos.x) + startPos.x;
    panel.style.left = startPos.x + "px";
    startPos.y = (event.clientY - startMousePos.y) + startPos.y;
    panel.style.top = startPos.y + "px";
    isDragging = false;
    }

    // 关闭窗口功能
    var closeButton = document.createElement("div");
    closeButton.style.width = "13px";
    closeButton.style.height = "13px";
    closeButton.style.backgroundColor = "#ffffff";
    closeButton.style.styleFloat = closeButton.style.cssFloat = "left";
    closeButton.style.fontSize = "12px";
    closeButton.style.borderWidth = "1px";
    closeButton.style.borderColor = "#999999";
    closeButton.style.borderStyle = "solid";
    closeButton.style.paddingButton = "2px";
    closeButton.innerHTML = "<div style=\"margin-top: -2px;margin-left: 3px;\">x</div>";
    title.appendChild(closeButton);

    var isVisible = true;

    // 窗口关闭
    closeButton.onclick = function(evt) {
    isVisible = false;
    panel.style.display = "none";
    }

    // 标题栏文字
    var titleLabel = document.createElement("div");
    titleLabel.style.height = "14px";
    titleLabel.style.width = "200px";
    titleLabel.style.fontSize = "11px";
    titleLabel.style.color = "#ffffff";
    titleLabel.style.styleFloat = titleLabel.style.cssFloat = "left";
    titleLabel.style.fontFamily = "verdana,tahoma";
    titleLabel.innerHTML = "Javascript Inline Debugger";
    //titleLabel.style.marginTop = isIE() ? -14 : "-14px";
    titleLabel.style.marginLeft = isIE() ? 18 : "18px";
    title.appendChild(titleLabel);

    // 中间的显示部分
    var showPanel = document.createElement("div");
    showPanel.style.width = "250px";
    showPanel.style.height = isIE() ? "221px" : "219px";
    showPanel.style.fontSize = "11px";
    showPanel.style.padding = "0";
    showPanel.style.margin = "0";
    showPanel.style.overflow = "auto";
    showPanel.style.marginTop = isIE() ? -1 : "0";
    panel.appendChild(showPanel);

    // 命令输入框
    var cmdArea = document.createElement("div");
    panel.appendChild(cmdArea);

    var cmdTextbox = document.createElement("input");
    cmdTextbox.type = "text";
    cmdTextbox.style.width = "250px";
    cmdTextbox.style.height = "12px";
    cmdTextbox.style.fontSize = "12px";
    cmdTextbox.style.padding = "0";
    cmdTextbox.style.margin = "0";
    cmdTextbox.style.marginTop = isIE() ? -2 : "0";
    cmdTextbox.style.borderWidth = "0";
    cmdTextbox.style.borderTopWidth = "1px";
    cmdTextbox.style.paddingTop = "2px";
    cmdArea.appendChild(cmdTextbox);

    // 窗口激活或者不激活
    var isActive = false;

    // 激活窗口
    var activateWindow = function() {
    if (! isVisible) {
    return;
    }

    if (isActive) {
    return;
    }

    cmdTextbox.focus();
    title.style.backgroundColor = "#015DF4";
    isActive = true;
    }

    panel.onclick = activateWindow;

    // 不激活窗口
    var deactivateWindow = function() {
    if (! isVisible) {
    return;
    }

    if (! isActive) {
    return;
    }

    title.style.backgroundColor = "#cccccc";
    isActive = false;
    }

    cmdTextbox.onfocus = activateWindow;
    cmdTextbox.onblur = deactivateWindow;

    // 输出函数
    var dbgPrint = function(s) {
    showPanel.innerHTML += htmlEncode(s).replace(/\n|(\r\n)/g, "<br />");

    if (parseInt(showPanel.scrollHeight) > parseInt(showPanel.style.height)) {
    showPanel.scrollTop += parseInt(showPanel.scrollHeight) - parseInt(showPanel.style.height);
    }
    }

    // 调用输入处理回调函数
    cmdTextbox.onkeydown = function(evt) {
    var event = evt || window.event;

    if (event.keyCode == 0x0d) {
    processInputProc(this.value, dbgPrint);
    this.value = "";
    }
    }
    }

    // 坐标类
    function Position(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    // 内联调试器类
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    function InlineDebugger() {
    var bpList = new Array();
    var id_eval;

    // 设置断点
    var bp = function(funcName) {
    // 检查eval是否被hook
    if ((new String(eval)).indexOf("[native code]") < 0) {
    return "error: eval function was hooked by other codes in the front.\n";
    }

    // 保存未被hooked的eval
    id_eval = eval;

    var re = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+$/i;
    if (! re.test(funcName)) {
    return "error: bad argument of command bp \"" + funcName + "\".\n";
    }

    try {
    id_eval("if (typeof(" + funcName + ") == \"object\" || typeof(" + funcName + ") == \"function\") {var obj = " + funcName + ";}");
    } catch (e) {
    return "error: " + e + ", invalid function name \"" + funcName + "\".\n";
    }

    if (obj == undefined) {
    return "error: the argument of command bp \"" + funcName + "\" is not a function object.\n";
    }

    if ((new String(obj)).indexOf("function") < 0) {
    return "error: the argument of command bp \"" + funcName + "\" is a property, a function is required.\n";
    }

    if (bpList.search(funcName) >= 0) {
    return "error: there is a breakpoint on function \"" + funcName + "\"\n";
    }

    try {
    var sc = "window." + funcName.replace(/\./g, "_") + "_bak = " + funcName + ";\n" +
    funcName + " = " +
    "function() {\n" +
    " var args = \"\";\n" +
    " for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i ++) {\n" +
    " args += arguments[i] + (i == (arguments.length - 1) ? \"\" : \",\");\n" +
    " }\n" +
    " if (confirm(\"function \\\"" + funcName + "\\\" was called, execute it?\\n\\narguments:\\n\" + args + \"\\n\\ncaller:\\n\" + " + funcName + ".caller)) {\n" +
    " id_eval(\"" + funcName.replace(/\./g, "_") + "_bak(\\\"\" + jsEncode(args) + \"\\\")\");\n" +
    " }\n" +
    "};" +
    "\n";
    id_eval(sc);
    bpList.push(funcName);
    return "* breakpoint on function \"" + funcName + "\" added successfully.\n";
    } catch (e) {
    return "unkown error: " + e + ".\n";
    }
    }

    // 枚举所有的断点
    var bl = function() {
    if (bpList.length == 0) {
    return "* no breakpoint.\n";
    }

    var bps = "* " + bpList.length + " breakpoints: \n";

    for (var i = 0; i < bpList.length; i ++) {
    bps += i + " - " + bpList[i] + "\n";
    }

    return bps;
    }

    // 清除某个断点
    var bc = function(n) {
    try {
    n = parseInt(n);
    } catch (e) {
    return "error: bc command requires a numeric argument.\n";
    }

    if (bpList.length == 0) {
    return "error: no breakpoint.\n";
    }

    var funcName = bpList.remove(n);

    try {
    eval(funcName + " = window." + funcName.replace(/\./g, "_") + "_bak;");
    return "* breakpoint on function \"" + funcName + "\" deleted successfully.\n";
    } catch (e) {
    return "error: " + e + ".\n";
    }
    }

    // 帮助
    var help = function() {
    var s = "debug commands:\n\n" +
    "bp <function name> - set a breakpoint on a function, e.g. \"bp window.alert\".\n" +
    "bl - list all breakpoints.\n" +
    "bc <breakpoint number> - remove a breakpoint by specified number, e.g. \"bc 0\".\n" +
    "help - help information.\n"
    "\n";
    return s;
    }

    // 处理命令
    this.exeCmd = function(cmd) {
    cmd = cmd.trim();
    var cmdParts = cmd.split(/\s+/g);
    var cmdName;
    var cmdArg;

    if (cmdParts.length == 1) {
    cmdName = cmd;
    } else {
    cmdName = cmdParts[0];
    cmdArg = cmdParts[1];
    }

    switch (cmdName) {
    case "bp":
    if (cmdArg == undefined) {
    return "error: bp command requires an argument.\n";
    } else {
    return bp(cmdArg);
    }
    break;

    case "bl":
    return bl();
    break;

    case "bc":
    if (cmdArg == undefined) {
    return "error: bc command requires an argument \"number of breakpoint\".\n";
    } else {
    return bc(cmdArg);
    }
    break;

    case "help":
    return help();
    break;

    default: return "error: command \"" + cmdName + "\" not found, you can get information by \"help\" command.\n";
    break;
    }
    }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    // 主过程
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
    /*try {
    debugger;
    } catch (e) {}*/
    var id = new InlineDebugger();
    var console = new Console(document.body, function(s, printProc){printProc(id.exeCmd(s));});
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/backuper/p/1600941.html
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