Network基础(五)：配置静态路由、配置浮动路由、配置多路由的静态路由、配置默认路由

一、配置静态路由

目标：

配置路由接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通。

方案：

按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通如下图所示：

                    

步骤：

步骤一：配置静态路由

1）R1上配置接口IP

    R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shutdown
    R1(config-if)#exit
    R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
    R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shutdown

2)R2上配置接口IP

    R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
    R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no shutdown
    R2config-if)#exit
    R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no shutdown

3）R1上添加静态路由

    R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

4）R1上查看路由表

    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2                     //S表示静态路由

5）R2上添加静态路由

    R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

6）R2上查看路由条目

    R2#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1                     //S表示静态路由
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

7）配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.1，网关为192.168.1.254

8）配置PC2的IP地址为192.168.4.1，网关为192.168.4.254

9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1

    PC>ping 192.168.4.1
    Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
    Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms

二、配置浮动路由

目标：

配置浮动静态路由

方案：

按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址配置浮动路由实现链路的冗余，如下图所示

           

步骤：

步骤一：配置静态路由并添加模块

1）R1上配置接口IP

在以上静态路由实验的基础上，先分别进入R1与R2的特权模式输入write命令保存配置信息，然后分别进入R1与R2的物理配置界面，点击开关按钮关闭路由器，添加NM-1FE-TX模块并再次点击开关按钮，如下图所示。

                        

2）添加模块后将R1的F1/0接口连接到R2的F1/0接口修改拓扑如下图所示：

                           

3）配置R1的F1/0接口IP

    R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
    R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shutdown

4）配置R2的F1/0接口IP

    R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
    R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no shutdown

5）R1上添加静态浮动路由

    R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 50   //管理距离50

6）R2上添加静态浮动路由

    R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 50  //管理距离50

7）R1上查看路由表

    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
    S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2  //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由

8）禁用F/01接口

    R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
    R1(config-if)#shutdown

9)R1上查看路由表

    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    S    192.168.4.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效
    C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

10）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1

    PC>ping 192.168.4.1
    Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
    Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms

三、配置多路由的静态路由

目标：

配置多路由的静态路由

方案：

网络环境及IP地址规划，如下图所示

                       

步骤：

步骤一：配置路由IP和静态路由

1) R1上配置接口IP

    Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shutdown
    R1(config-if)#exit
    R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
    R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shutdown

2)R2上配置接口IP

    R2(config)#interface f0/1
    R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no shutdown
    R2(config-if)#exit
    R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
    R2(config-if)#no shutdown

3)R3上配置接口IP

    R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
    R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
    R3(config-if)#no shutdown
    R3(config-if)#exit
    R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
    R3(config-if)#no shutdown

4）R1、R2、R3上分别添加静态路由

    R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
    R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
    R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
    R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
    R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
    R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

5）R1上查看路由表

    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    S    192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2    //静态路由
    S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2    //静态路由

6）R2上查看路由表

    R2#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1    //静态路由
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2    //静态路由

7）R3上查看路由表

    R3#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1    //静态路由
    S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1    //静态路由
    C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

8）按图-4配置PC的IP地址

9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1

    PC>ping 192.168.2.2                            //ping 192.168.2.2
    Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
    PC>ping 192.168.3.1                          //ping 192.168.3.1
    Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
    Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 0ms
    PC>ping 192.168.3.2                          //ping 192.168.3.2
    Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
    Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
    Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
    Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
    Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 12ms, Average = 6ms
    PC>ping 192.168.4.1                          //ping 192.168.4.1
    Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125
    Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 8ms

四、配置默认路由

目标：

配置默认路由

方案：

网络环境及IP地址规划，如下图所示

               

步骤：

1）在案例3基础上删除R1与R3的静态路由

    R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
    R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
    R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
    R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

2）R1、R3添加默认路由

    R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
    R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
    12）R1上查看路由表
    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2     //默认路由

3）R1、R3上查看路由表

    R1#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
    C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2     //默认路由
    R3#show ip route
    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
           D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
           N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
           E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
           i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
           * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
           P - periodic downloaded static route
    Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
    C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
    C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1     //默认路由

4）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1

    PC>ping 192.168.4.1
    Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
    Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
    Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
        Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
        Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 7ms = 0ms，平均 = 0ms