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  • 201771010101 白玛次仁 《2018面向对象程序设计(Java)》第十三周学习总结

    实验十三  图形界面事件处理技术

    实验时间 2018-11-22

    学习总结:

     Compoment类提供的功能:
    –基本的绘画支持。
    –外形控制。
    –大小和位置控制。
    –图像处理。
    –组件状态控制

    每个容器:
    – add() 方法向容器添加某个组件,
    –  remove()方法从容器中删除某个组件。

    容器通过方法  setLayout () 设置某种布局。

    Swing比AWT 组件具有更强的实用性和美观性。

     Swing组件必须添加到一个与  Swing 顶层容器相 关联的内容面板( contentpane)上。

    事件对象  (event  object):Java 将事件的相关信息 将事件的相关信息 封装在一个事件对象中 ,所有的事件对象都最终派生于 java.util.EventObject 类。不 同的事件源可以产生不 同的类别的事件。

    事件源来通知事件发生,然后监听器对象注册事件源。

    注册监听器方法eventSourceObject.addEvenListtener(evenListenerObject)

    能够触发动作 事件的,主要包括:
    (1)点击按钮
    (2)双击一个列表中的选项;
    (3)选择菜单项;
    (4)在文本框中输入回车 。

    监听器类必须实现与事件源相对应的接口 ,即必 须提供接口中方法 的实现 。

    当程序用户试图关闭一个框架窗口时,  Jframe 对象就是 WindowEvent 的事件源。

    窗口监听器必须是实现 WindowListener类的一个对象  ,WindowListener接口中有七个方法.

    Swing 包提供了非常实用的机制来封装命令 ,并将它 们连接到多个事件源 ,这就是 Action 接口 。

    图形编辑器应用程序 ,其允许用户在画布上放置、移动和擦除方块
    1. 当鼠标点击在所有小方块的像素之外时,会绘制一个新的小方块;
    2. 当双击一个小方块内部时,会擦除该;
    3. 当鼠标在窗体上移动时,如果经过一个小方块的内部,光标会变成一个十字形;
    4. 实现用鼠标拖动小方块。

    监听鼠标移动事件,实现 MouseMotionListener 接口。

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握事件处理的基本原理,理解其用途;

    (2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作机制;

    (3) 掌握事件处理的基本编程模型;

    (4) 了解GUI界面组件观感设置方法;

    (5) 掌握WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法;

    (6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1: 导入第11章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材443页-444页程序11-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 在事件处理相关代码处添加注释;

    l 用lambda表达式简化程序;

    l 掌握JButton组件的基本API;

    l 掌握Java中事件处理的基本编程模型。

    package button;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A frame with a button panel
     */
    public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private JPanel buttonPanel;
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;
    
       public ButtonFrame()//构造器
       {      
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//决定框架的大小
    
          // create buttons  构造器按钮
          JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow");
          JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue");
          JButton redButton = new JButton("Red");
    
          buttonPanel = new JPanel();
    
          // add buttons to panel
          buttonPanel.add(yellowButton);//将按钮添加到面板中
          buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
          buttonPanel.add(redButton);
    
          // add panel to frame
          add(buttonPanel);
    
          // create button actions
          //每种颜色构造一个对象,并将这些对象设置为按钮监听器
          ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW);
          ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
          ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED);
    
          // associate actions with buttons
          yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction);
          blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
          redButton.addActionListener(redAction);
       }
    
       /**
        * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
        */
     //实现一个监听器的接口
       private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
       {
          private Color backgroundColor;
    
          public ColorAction(Color c)
          {
             backgroundColor = c;
          }
    
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
          }
       }
    }
    
    package button;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ButtonTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {//生成件面
             JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
             frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//应用名
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    
    

    测试程序2:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材449页程序11-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 在组件观感设置代码处添加注释;

    l 了解GUI程序中观感的设置方法。

    package plaf;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
    import javax.swing.UIManager;
    
    /**
     * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
     */
    public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private JPanel buttonPanel;
    
       public PlafFrame()
       {
          buttonPanel = new JPanel();//实例化一个新的JPanel
    //获取所有的显示样式
          UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
          for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
             makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());
    
          add(buttonPanel);//增加了按键点击事件
          pack();
       }
    
       /**
        * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
        * @param name the button name
        * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
        */
       private void makeButton(String name, String className)
       {
          // add button to panel
    //向面板添加按钮 JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); // set button action button.addActionListener(event -> { // button action: switch to the new look-and-feel try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); pack(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } }
    package plaf;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.32 2015-06-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class PlafTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
    //生成PlafFrame对象 frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
    //设置组建的自定义标题测试按钮 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }

    测试程序3:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材457页-458页程序11-3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握AbstractAction类及其动作对象;

    l 掌握GUI程序中按钮、键盘动作映射到动作对象的方法。

    package action;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
     */
    public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private JPanel buttonPanel;
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
    
       public ActionFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    
          buttonPanel = new JPanel();
    
          // define actions
          Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
                Color.YELLOW);
          Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
          Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
    
          // add buttons for these actions
          buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
          buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
          buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));
    
          // add panel to frame
          add(buttonPanel);
    
          // associate the Y, B, and R keys with names
          InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
          imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
          imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
          imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");
    
          // associate the names with actions
          ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
          amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
          amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
          amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
       }
       
       public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
       {
          /**
           * Constructs a color action.
           * @param name the name to show on the button
           * @param icon the icon to display on the button
           * @param c the background color
           */
          public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
          {
             putValue(Action.NAME, name);
             putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
             putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
             putValue("color", c);
          }
    
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
             buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
          }
    package action;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ActionTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
             frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
             frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
             frame.setVisible(true);
          });
       }
    }
    
    } }

    测试程序4:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

    package mouse;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.awt.geom.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
     */
    public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
    
       private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;//定义创造的正方形的边长
       private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;
       private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor
    
       public MouseComponent()
       {
          squares = new ArrayList<>();
          current = null;
    
          addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
          addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
    //添加一个我们实现的类,这个类继承了监测鼠标点击情况的MouseListener } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // draw all squares for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
    //转换我们需要使用的类型
    //绘制所有正方形 { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY();
    //获取x和y的坐标 current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint();//重绘图像 } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null) return;
    //如果要移除的内容为空,直接返回 if (s == current) current = null; squares.remove(s); repaint();//重绘component的方法 } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)//鼠标按下方法 { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { // remove the current square if double clicked current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside // a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } }
    package mouse;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
     */
    public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public MouseFrame()
       {
          add(new MouseComponent());//向框架中添加一个JComponent的实例
          pack();
       }
    }
    
    package mouse;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class MouseTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
             JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
    //生成MonseFrame frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
    //设置组建的定义标题测试按钮 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }

    实验2:结对编程练习

    利用班级名单文件、文本框和按钮组件,设计一个有如下界面(图1)的点名器,要求用户点击开始按钮后在文本输入框随机显示2017级网络与信息安全班同学姓名,如图2所示,点击停止按钮后,文本输入框不再变换同学姓名,此同学则是被点到的同学姓名。

    点名器启动界面

    点名器点名界面

    package dianming;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.awt.Frame;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
     
    public class dianmingqi extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        private JButton but ;
     
        private JButton show;
        private static boolean flag = true;
        public static void main(String arguments []) {
             new dianmingqi();
     
            }
     
    public  dianmingqi(){
     
    but = new JButton("开始");
    but.setBounds(100,150,100,40); 
    show = new JButton("随机点名");
    show.setBounds(80,80,180,30);
    
     
    add(but);
     
    add(show);
     
    setLayout(null);
    setVisible(true);
    setResizable(false);
    setBounds(100,100,300,300);
    this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.white);
    setTitle("点名");
    setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
     
    but.addActionListener(this);
    }
     
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
            int i=0;
            String names[]=new String[50];
            try {
                Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("D:\studentnamelist.txt"));
                while(in.hasNextLine())
                {
                    names[i]=in.nextLine();
                    i++;
                }
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
                 
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
     
         
            if(but.getText()=="开始"){    
     
        show.setBackground(Color.gray);
        flag=true;
        new Thread(){   
            public void run(){
                while(dianmingqi.flag){
                Random r = new Random(); 
                int i= r.nextInt(47);
                show.setText(names[i]);
                }
            }
        }.start();
        but.setText("停止");
        but.setBackground(Color.darkGray);
    }    
    else if(but.getText()=="停止"){
        flag = false;
        but.setText("开始");
        but.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        show.setBackground(Color.magenta);
    }
        }
     
     
     
    }
    

      

    实验总结:这次实验的学习中知道了图形编辑器应用程序 ,其允许用户在画布上放置、移动和擦除方块等等,

    更好想学敲代码。

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/baimaciren/p/10002052.html
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