实验十五 GUI编程练习与应用程序部署
实验时间 2018-12-6
1.学习总结：
Java程序的打包：程序编译完成后，程序员
将.class文件压缩打包为.jar文件后，GUI界面
程序就可以直接双击图标运行。
jar文件（Java归档）既可以包含类文件，也可
以包含诸如图像和声音这些其它类型的文件。
JAR文件是压缩的，它使用ZIP压缩格式。
jar命令格式：
jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files ...
Jar命令选项（教材581页表13-1）：
– -c 创建一个新的或者空的存档文件并加入文件。
– -C 暂时改变到指定的目录
– -e 在清单文件中创建一个条目
– -f 将JAR文件名指定为第二个命令行参数
– -i 为指定的JAR文件产生索引信息
– -m 将一个清单文件（manifest）添加到JAR文件中
– -M 不产生所有项的清单文件（manifest）
– -t 列出存档内容的列表
– -u 更新已存在的JAR文件
– -v 生成详细的输出结果
– -x 解压存档中的命名的（或所有的〕文件
– -0 只存储方式，不用ZIP压缩格式
(1) 创建JAR
jar cf jar-file input-file(s)
c---want to Create a JAR file.
(2) 查看JAR文件
jar tf jar-file
t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file.
(3) 提取JAR文件
jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)]
x---want to extract files from the JAR archive.
(4) 更新JAR文件
jar uf jar-file input-file(s)
u---want to update an existing JAR file.
(5) 索引JAR文件
jar i jar-file
i---index an existing JAR file.
每个JAR文件中包含一个用于描述归档特征的清单文
件(manifest)。清单文件被命名为MANIFEST.MF，它
位于JAR文件的一个特殊的META-INF子目录中。
最小的符合标准的清单文件是很简单的：
Manifest-Version：1.0
清单文件的节与节之间用空行分开，最后一行必须以
换行符结束。否则，清单文件将无法被正确地读取。
用户可以通过下面的命令来启动应用程序：
java –jar MyProgram.jar
工程没有引用外部jar包时，直接导出。
(1) 工程没有引用外部jar包时的导出步骤
(2) 工程引用了外部jar包时的导出步骤（*）
要想密封JAR文件中的所有包，可以在清单文件的主节
中加入下面一行：Sealed: true
应用首选项的存储两种方法：
–将配置信息存储在属性文件中；
–将配置信息存储在中心知识库。
2、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Java应用程序的打包操作；
(2) 了解应用程序存储配置信息的两种方法；
(3) 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 编程技术。
3、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第13章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材585页程序13-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 将所生成的JAR文件移到另外一个不同的目录中，再运行该归档文件，以便确认程序是从JAR文件中，而不是从当前目录中读取的资源。
l 掌握创建JAR文件的方法；
package resource;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.41 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ResourceTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that loads image and text resources.
*/
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;
public ResourceTestFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
//利用about。gif图像文件制作图标
URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");
Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();
//在ResourceTest类的地方查找about.gif文件setlmage(img);
setIconImage(img);
//设置位置为绝对位置
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();//读取about。txt文件
InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");
//找到与类同一位置的资源，返回一个可以加载的URL或者输入流。
try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
{
while (in.hasNext())
textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "
");
}
add(textArea);
}
}
测试程序2
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材583页-584程序13-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解Properties类中常用的方法；
package properties;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
* and title.
* @version 1.01 2015-06-16
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PropertiesTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
* the properties upon exit.
*/
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private File propertiesFile;
private Properties settings;
public PropertiesFrame()
{
// get position, size, title from properties
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");///找到用户的主目录
//getProperty() 获得一个属性。返回与键(key)关联的值
File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava");
if (!propertiesDir.exists())//判断文件是否存在
propertiesDir.mkdir();
//mkdir() 创建一个目录，它的路径由当前File对象指定。如果该目录能被创建的话则为true，否则为false。
propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");
//把所有的默认值放在一个二级属性映射中，并在主属性映射的构造器中提供这个二级映射
Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();//创建一个空属性映射
defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");//设置一个属性 ， 返回给定键之前设置的值
defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");
//实现属性映射
settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);
if (propertiesFile.exists()) //判断文件是否存在
try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.load(in);//从一个输入流加载一个属性映射（从文件加载属性）
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
//parseInt()方法用于将字符串作为有符号的十进制整数进行解析
int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
setBounds(left, top, width, height);
//定义组件的位置和大小
// if no title given, ask user
String title = settings.getProperty("title");
if (title.equals(""))
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) title = "";
setTitle(title);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
{
settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());
try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
//使用store方法将属性映射列表保存到Properties文件中，第二个参数是包含在这个文件中的注释
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
测试程序3
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材593页-594程序13-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解Preferences类中常用的方法；
package preferences; import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.prefs.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.filechooser.*; /** * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame * position, size, and title. * @version 1.03 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PreferencesTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the * preferences upon exit. */ class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot(); private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava"); public PreferencesFrame() { // get position, size, title from preferences int left = node.getInt("left", 0); int top = node.getInt("top", 0); int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH); int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setBounds(left, top, width, height); // if no title given, ask user String title = node.get("title", ""); if (title.equals("")) title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) title = ""; setTitle(title); // set up file chooser that shows XML files //设置显示文件的文件选择器 final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(); chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File(".")); chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml")); // set up menus //菜单设置 JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenu menu = new JMenu("File"); menuBar.add(menu); JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences"); menu.add(exportItem); exportItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { savePreferences(); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); node.exportSubtree(out); out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences"); menu.add(importItem); importItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); Preferences.importPreferences(in); in.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit"); menu.add(exitItem); exitItem.addActionListener(event -> { savePreferences(); System.exit(0); }); } public void savePreferences() { node.putInt("left", getX()); node.putInt("top", getY()); node.putInt("width", getWidth()); node.putInt("height", getHeight()); node.put("title", getTitle()); } }
测试程序4
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材619页-622程序13-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法。
package javax.jnlp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import webstart.CalculatorPanel;
/**
* A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
*/
public class UnavailableServiceException extends JFrame
{
private CalculatorPanel panel;
public UnavailableServiceException()
{
setTitle();
panel = new CalculatorPanel();
add(panel);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
pack();
}
/**
* Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
* entry.
*/
public void setTitle()
{
try
{
String title = null;
BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();
PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");
try
{
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
title = reader.readLine();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) return;
service.create(key, 100);
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(title);
}
setTitle(title);
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Opens a history file and updates the display.
*/
public void open()
{
try
{
FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
if (contents != null)
{
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
panel.append(line);
panel.append("
");
}
}
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Saves the calculator history to a file.
*/
public void save()
{
try
{
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(panel.getText());
InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
}
}
}
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
* @version 1.04 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class Calculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
/**
A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
private JTextArea display;
private JPanel panel;
private double result;
private String lastCommand;
private boolean start;
/**
Lays out the panel.
*/
public CalculatorPanel()
{
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
result = 0;
lastCommand = "=";
start = true;
// add the display
display = new JTextArea(10, 20);
add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
ActionListener command = new CommandAction();
// add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));
addButton("7", insert);
addButton("8", insert);
addButton("9", insert);
addButton("/", command);
addButton("4", insert);
addButton("5", insert);
addButton("6", insert);
addButton("*", command);
addButton("1", insert);
addButton("2", insert);
addButton("3", insert);
addButton("-", command);
addButton("0", insert);
addButton(".", insert);
addButton("=", command);
addButton("+", command);
add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
/**
Gets the history text.
@return the calculator history
*/
public String getText()
{
return display.getText();
}
/**
Appends a string to the history text.
@param s the string to append
*/
public void append(String s)
{
display.append(s);
}
/**
Adds a button to the center panel.
@param label the button label
@param listener the button listener
*/
private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
{
JButton button = new JButton(label);
button.addActionListener(listener);
panel.add(button);
}
/**
This action inserts the button action string to the
end of the display text.
*/
private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String input = event.getActionCommand();
start = false;
display.append(input);
}
}
/**
This action executes the command that the button
action string denotes.
*/
private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String command = event.getActionCommand();
if (start)
{
if (command.equals("-"))
{
display.append(command);
start = false;
}
else
lastCommand = command;
}
else
{
try
{
int lines = display.getLineCount();
int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
display.append(" ");
display.append(command);
calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
if (command.equals("="))
display.append("
" + result);
lastCommand = command;
display.append("
");
start = true;
}
catch (BadLocationException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
Carries out the pending calculation.
@param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
*/
public void calculate(double x)
{
if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
}
}
实验2：GUI综合编程练习
按实验十四分组名单，组内讨论完成以下编程任务：
练习1：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布：
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
l 查询最小年龄人员信息；
l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡。
l 输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Timer;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Main1 extends JFrame
{
private static ArrayList<Person> Personlist;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("D:\身份证号.txt");
private JPanel Panel;
private JLabel JLabel1;
private JButton Button,Button2,Button3;
private JTextArea text,text1,text2,text3;
boolean tru=true;
public Main1() {
Panel = new JPanel();Panel.setLayout(null);
Button = new JButton("1:按姓名字典序输出人员信息");
Button2 = new JButton("2:查询最大年龄与最小年龄人员信息");
Button3 = new JButton("查询相近年龄");
JLabel1 = new JLabel("输入身份证号或者地址查询");JLabel1.setBounds(900, 50, 400, 30);
text=new JTextArea(30,80);text.setBounds(50, 180, 700, 700);
text1=new JTextArea(1,30);text1.setBounds(900, 80, 400, 30);
text2=new JTextArea(30,80);text2.setBounds(900,180,700, 700);
text3=new JTextArea(30,80);text3.setBounds(420,100,200,40);
Button.addActionListener(new Action());Button.setBounds(50,50,300,40);
Button2.addActionListener(new Action1());Button2.setBounds(50,100,300,40);
Button3.addActionListener(new Action2());Button3.setBounds(650,100,120,40);
Panel.add(JLabel1);
Panel.add(Button);
Panel.add(Button2);
Panel.add(Button3);
Panel.add(text);
Panel.add(text2);
Panel.add(text1);
Panel.add(text3);
add(Panel);
Timer timer = new Timer();
TimerTask timeTask=new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run()
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
text2.setText(null);
String place=text1.getText().toString().trim();
for (int i = 0; i <Personlist.size(); i++)
{
String Str=(String)Personlist.get(i).getbirthplace();
if(Str.contains(place)&&!place.equals(""))
{
text2.append(Personlist.get(i).toString());
}
}
for (int i = 0; i <Personlist.size(); i++)
{
String Str=(String)Personlist.get(i).getID();
if(Str.contains(place)&&!place.equals(""))
{
text2.append(Personlist.get(i).toString());
}
}
}
};timer.schedule(timeTask, 0,100);
Personlist = new ArrayList<>();
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String ID = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String age = linescanner.next();
String place =linescanner.nextLine();
Person Person = new Person();
Person.setname(name);
Person.setID(ID);
Person.setsex(sex);
int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
Person.setage(a);
Person.setbirthplace(place);
Personlist.add(Person);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("查找不到信息");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("信息读取有误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private class Action implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
text.setText(null);
Collections.sort(Personlist);
text.append(Personlist.toString());
}
}
private class Action1 implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
text.setText(null);
int max=0,min=100;int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
for(int i=1;i<Personlist.size();i++)
{
j=Personlist.get(i).getage();
if(j>max)
{
max=j;
k1=i;
}
if(j<min)
{
min=j;
k2=i;
}
}
text.append("年龄最大： "+Personlist.get(k1)+"
"+"年龄最小： "+Personlist.get(k2));
}
}
private class Action2 implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
text.setText(null);
int a = Integer.parseInt(text3.getText().toString().trim());
int d_value=a-Personlist.get(agenear(a)).getage();
for (int i = 0; i < Personlist.size(); i++)
{
int p=Personlist.get(i).getage()-a;
if(p==d_value||-p==d_value) text.append(Personlist.get(i).toString());
}
}
}
public static int agenear(int age) {
int j=0,min=53,d_value=0,k=0;
for (int i = 0; i < Personlist.size(); i++)
{
d_value=Personlist.get(i).getage()-age;
if(d_value<0) d_value=-d_value;
if (d_value<min)
{
min=d_value;
k=i;
}
} return k;
}
}
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Out {
public static void main (String args[])
{
Toolkit t=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
Dimension s=t.getScreenSize();
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new Main1();
frame.setBounds(0, 0,(int)s.getWidth(),(int)s.getHeight());
frame.setTitle("produce by MKM");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
public class Person implements Comparable<Person> {
private String name;
private String ID;
private int age;
private String sex;
private String birthplace;
public String getname() {
return name;
}
public void setname(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getID() {
return ID;
}
public void setID(String ID) {
this.ID= ID;
}
public int getage() {
return age;
}
public void setage(int age) {
this.age= age;
}
public String getsex() {
return sex;
}
public void setsex(String sex) {
this.sex= sex;
}
public String getbirthplace() {
return birthplace;
}
public void setbirthplace(String birthplace) {
this.birthplace= birthplace;
}
public int compareTo(Person o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.getname());
}
public String toString() {
return name+" "+sex+" "+age+" "+ID+" "+birthplace+"
";
}
}
练习2：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布
l 编写一个计算器类，可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作
l 利用计算机类，设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序，由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题，学生输入答案，由程序检查答案是否正确，每道题正确计10分，错误不计分，10道题测试结束后给出测试总分；
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件，文件名为test.txt。
package ui_test;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MyExGUI extends JFrame {
ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>();
JMenuBar jm; // 菜单条组件
JMenu menu;// 菜单
JMenuItem item1, item2;// 菜单项
JMenu build; // 二级菜单
JMenuItem file, project;
TextArea answer_all = new TextArea();
TextField jta = new TextField();
TextField jta_answer = new TextField();
JLabel num_answer = new JLabel();
JLabel answer;
JToolBar jtb;// 工具条
JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next;
int answer_count;
int answer_fenshu;
public MyExGUI() {
// 创建菜单
jm = new JMenuBar();
menu = new JMenu("文件(F)");
menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助记符
build = new JMenu("新建");
file = new JMenuItem("文件");
project = new JMenuItem("答题");
item1 = new JMenuItem("保存(S)");
item2 = new JMenuItem("退出");
answer = new JLabel("第 1 题");
// 添加菜单项至菜单上
build.add(file);
build.add(project);
menu.add(build);
menu.add(item1);
menu.add(item2);
menu.addSeparator();
// 将菜单加入至菜单栏
jm.add(menu);
JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel();
contentPanel.setLayout(null);
JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案");
JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("=");
num_answer = answer;
num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb_next = new JButton("下一题");
jta.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
daan.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22));
contentPanel.add(num_answer);
contentPanel.add(daan);
contentPanel.add(dengyu);
contentPanel.add(jta);
contentPanel.add(jta_answer);
contentPanel.add(answer_all);
contentPanel.add(jb_next);
num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50);
daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50);
jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30);
dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20);
jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30);
jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30);
answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300);
this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 添加菜单栏，不能设定位置，会自动放在最上部
this.add(contentPanel);
this.setTitle("在线答题系统");
this.setSize(600, 500);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
boolean flag = true;
File file;
// String test ;
do {
// test = "test"+count;
String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name");
file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt");
if (!file.exists()) {
// 创建文件
try {
flag = file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
flag = false;
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "该文件名已存在，请重新输入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
flag = true;
}
} while (flag);
// 写入文件
String u_answer;
try {
outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file);
Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
System.out.println("选择是后执行的代码" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size());
for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) {
try {
Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes());
Buff.write(" ".getBytes());
u_answer = user_answer.get(i);
if (u_answer.equals(""))
u_answer = "没有作答";
Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes());
Buff.write("
".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i--;
}
}
Buff.flush();
Buff.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
outSTr.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
user_zongti.clear();
user_answer.clear();
}
});
project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
arithmetic art = new arithmetic();
true_answer = art.list_answer;
jta_timu = art.list_timu;
jta_zong = art.list;
answer_count = 1;
answer_all.setText("");
for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) {
user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i));
answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i));
answer_all.append("
");
}
num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题");
jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
answer_count++;
}
});
jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
String temp;
temp = jta_answer.getText();
if (jta.getText().equals("")) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误,请导入题库", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
return;
}
jta_answer.setText("");
if (answer_count <= 10) {
if (isInteger(temp)) {
user_answer.add(temp);
System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题");
jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
answer_count++;
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误", "请输入数字", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
} else {
user_answer.add(temp);
System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
answer_fenshu = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < user_answer.size(); i++) {
if (user_answer.get(i).equals(true_answer.get(i)))
answer_fenshu += 5;
}
user_fenshu.add(answer_fenshu);
Object[] options = { "是", "取消" };
int res = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否查看成绩", "答题完毕", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, options, options[0]);
if (res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
chart ct = new chart(user_fenshu);
ct.setVisible(true);
} else {
Object[] option = { "是", "取消" };
int res1 = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否退出程序", "终止框", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, option, option[0]);
if (res1 == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
} else {
}
}
}
}
});
item2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
package ui_test;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class chart extends JFrame{
//绘制柱形统计图
ArrayList<Integer> ran=new ArrayList<Integer>();
public chart(ArrayList<Integer> scores)
{
super();
getContentPane().setForeground(Color.CYAN);
setForeground(Color.CYAN);
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
for(int i=0;i<scores.size();i++)
{
ran.add(scores.get(i));
System.out.println(scores.get(i));
}
setTitle("绘制柱形图");
setSize(600, 400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
int Width = getWidth();
int Height = getHeight();
int leftMargin = 20;//柱形图左边界
int topMargin = 50;//柱形图上边界
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);//绘制白色背景
g2.fillRect(0, 0, Width, Height-100);//绘制矩形图
g2.setColor(Color.black);
for(int i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
//绘制灰色横线和百分比
g2.drawString((100-10*i)+" ", 15, topMargin+30*i);
g2.drawLine(10, topMargin+30*i, Width, topMargin+30*i);//绘制灰色横线
}
g2.setColor(Color.RED);
for(int i=0;i<=ran.size();i++)
{
//绘制柱形图
int step = (i+1)*40;//设置每个柱形图的水平间隔为40
//绘制矩形
g2.fillRoundRect(leftMargin+step*2-5,(100-ran.get(i))*3+50, 40, 300-(100-ran.get(i))*3, 40, 10);
//列出测试轮数
g2.drawString("第"+(i+1)+"轮", leftMargin+step*2, 380);
}
}
}
chart
}
package ui_test;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class arithmetic {
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> list_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> list_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
public arithmetic() {
FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
int number_n = 10, count;
ArrayList<String> list_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
String[] operator = new String[] { "+", "-", "*", "/" };
Random rand = new Random();
File file1 = new File("test.txt");
if (file1.exists()) {
// 创建文件
try {
file1.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
while (number_n > 0) {
int[] number_temp = new int[rand.nextInt(2) + 3];
String[] str_temp = new String[number_temp.length - 1];
for (int i = 0; i < number_temp.length; i++) {
if (i < number_temp.length - 1) {
number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
str_temp[i] = operator[rand.nextInt(4)];
list_temp.add(str_temp[i]);
}
else {
number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
}
}
count = calculate_RPN(produce_RPN(list_temp));
if (count != -1) {
list_timu.add(transform_string(list_temp));
list_answer.add(String.valueOf(count));
list_temp.add(" = " + count);
list.add(transform_string(list_temp));
number_n--;
list_temp.clear();
} else
list_temp.clear();
System.out.println(number_n);
}
try {
outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file1);
Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
try {
Buff.write(list.get(i).getBytes());
Buff.write("
".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
i--;
}
}
Buff.flush();
Buff.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Buff.close();
try {
outSTr.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
System.out.print(list.get(i));
System.out.println();
}
System.out.print("计算完毕！");
}
public static int calculate_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
int i = 0, t;
double a = 0, b = 0;
String l_temp;
Stack sk = new Stack(10);
for (t = 0; t < list_temp.size(); t++) {
l_temp = list_temp.get(i++);
if (!isInteger(l_temp)) {
b = sk.mypop();
a = sk.mypop();
switch (l_temp) {
case "+":
sk.mypush(a + b);
break;
case "-":
if(!(a<b)) {
sk.mypush(a - b);
}
else
return -1;
break;
case "*":
sk.mypush(a * b);
break;
case "/":
if (b == 0||a<b)
return -1;
sk.mypush(a / b);
break;
}
System.out.println("st.mytop: " + sk.mypeek());
} else {
sk.mypush((double) Integer.parseInt(l_temp));
}
}
if (!sk.myisempty()) {
a = sk.mypop();
b = a - (int) a;
System.out.println("a: " + a);
if (a > 0 && b == 0) {
return (int) a;
} else
return -1;
} else
return -1;
}
public static ArrayList<String> produce_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
int t = 0, i = 0;
String tmp;
Tack mytack = new Tack(10);
ArrayList<String> lt_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
while (true) {
tmp = list_temp.get(i++);
if (isInteger(tmp)) {
lt_temp.add(tmp);
} else {
if (mytack.myisempty()) {
mytack.mypush(tmp);
}
else {
if (isCPriority(tmp, mytack.mypeek()))
mytack.mypush(tmp);
else {
lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
mytack.mypush(tmp);
}
}
}
if (i >= list_temp.size()) {
while (!mytack.myisempty())
lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
System.out.println(transform_string(list_temp));
list_temp = lt_temp;
System.out.println(list_temp);
return list_temp;
}
}
}
public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public static boolean isCPriority(String str, String s) {
if ((str + s).equals("*+") || (str + s).equals("*-") || (str + s).equals("/+") || (str + s).equals("/-"))
return true;
else
return false;
}
public static String transform_string(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
String s = "";
for (int i = 0; i < list_temp.size(); i++) {
s += list_temp.get(i);
}
return s;
}
static class Stack {
int mytop;
double stk[];
public Stack(int num) {
mytop = -1;
stk = new double[num];
}
/* 出栈 */
double mypop() {
double peek = stk[mytop];
mytop--;
return peek;
}
/* 入栈 */
void mypush(double x) {
mytop++;
stk[mytop] = x;
}
/* 判空 */
Boolean myisempty() {
if (mytop == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/* 取栈顶元素 */
double mypeek() {
double peek = stk[mytop];
return peek;
}
/* 栈大小 */
int mysize() {
return mytop + 1;
}
}
static class Tack {
int mytop;
String tk[];
public Tack(int num) {
mytop = -1;
tk = new String[num];
}
/* 出栈 */
String mypop() {
String peek = tk[mytop];
mytop--;
return peek;
}
/* 入栈 */
void mypush(String x) {
mytop++;
tk[mytop] = x;
}
/* 判空 */
Boolean myisempty() {
if (mytop == -1)
return true;
else
return false;
}
/* 取栈顶元素 */
String mypeek() {
String peek = tk[mytop];
return peek;
}
/* 栈大小 */
int mysize() {
return mytop + 1;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyExGUI lg = new MyExGUI();
//new MyExGUI();
}
}
实验总结：本次实验关于图形用户界面的资源加载，编译，创建JAR文件和如何使用属性来存储和加载程序状态。
程序会记住框架位置，大小和标题。试着调试窗口的大小，然后退出并重启应用。
还有对计算机有一个虚拟的纸带来记录所有的计算过程。用户可以保存或读取计算历史信息。
为了演示持久性存储功能，应用程序允许设置框架的标题。