需求1:使用case实现nginx服务启停脚本。
[root@manager case]# cat case-2.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: case-2.sh
#Description:
#定义环境变量
. /etc/init.d/functions
nginx_pid="/var/run/nginx.pid"
case $1 in
start)
if [ -f $nginx_pid ];then
if [ -s $nginx_pid ];then
action "nginx服务已启动" /bin/false
else
rm -f $nginx_pid
systemctl start nginx &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "nginx启动成功" /bin/true
else
action "nginx启动失败" /bin/false
fi
fi
else
systemctl start nginx &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "nginx启动成功" /bin/true
else
action "nginx启动失败" /bin/false
fi
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f $nginx_pid ];then
systemctl stop nginx &&
rm -f ${nginx_pid}
action "nginx服务已停止" /bin/true
else
echo "${nginx_pid} : No such file or directory"
fi
;;
status)
if [ -f $nginx_pid ];then
echo "PID $(cat $nginx_pid) is active..."
else
echo "${nginx_pid}不存在,服务未启动"
fi
;;
reload)
if [ -f $nginx_pid ];then
nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf &> nginx.error
rc=$?
if [ $rc -eq 0 ];then
action "nginx is reload" /bin/true
else
nginx_conf=$(cat nginx.error |awk -F "[ :]" 'NR==1 {print $(NF-1)}')
nginx_line=$(cat nginx.error |awk -F "[ :]" 'NR==1 {print $NF}')
read -p "是否进入${nginx_conf} 配置文件中的 ${nginx_line} 行修改: [ yes | no ]" select
case $select in
yes)
vim ${nginx_conf} +${nginx_line}
;;
no)
exit 2
esac
fi
else
action "nginx 没有启动" /bin/false
fi
;;
*)
echo "USAGE: $0 {start | stop | status | reload }"
exit 3
esac
需求2:使用case实现nginx状态监控脚本。 stub_status
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: case-3.sh
#Description:
Nginx_status_file=nginx.status
Nginx_status_Path=nginx_status
curl -sH Host:${HostName} http://127.0.0.1/${Nginx_status_Path} > ${Nginx_status_file}
case $1 in
active)
echo $(( $(awk '/Active/ {print $NF}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
accepts)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==3 {print $1}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
handled)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==3 {print $2}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
requests)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==3 {print $3}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
reading)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==4 {print $2}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
writing)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==4 {print $4}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
waiting)
echo $(( $(awk 'NR==4 {print $NF}' ${Nginx_status_file}) -1 ))
;;
*)
echo "USAGE: $0 { active | accepts | handled | requests | reading | writing | waiting }"
exit 1
esac
需求3:使用case实现php-fpm状态监控脚本。
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat test.bao.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name test.bao.com;
location ~ ^/(phpfpm_status)$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
[root@manager case]# cat case-4.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: case-4.sh
#Description:
HostName=test.cheng.bao.com
php_status_file=phpfpm.status
php_status_path=phpfpm_status
curl -sH Host:${HostName} http://10.0.0.7/${php_status_path} > ${php_status_file}
case $1 in
pool)
echo "$(awk '/pool/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
process_manager)
echo "$(awk '/process manager/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
start_time)
echo "$(awk '/start time/{print $3,$4}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
start_since)
echo "$(awk '/start since/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
accepted_conn)
echo "$(awk '/accepted conn/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
listen_queue)
echo "$(sed -n '6p' ${php_status_file} |awk '{print $NF}')"
;;
max_listen_queue)
echo "$(awk '/max listen/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
listen_queue_len)
echo "$(awk '/queue len/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
idle_processes)
echo "$(awk '/idle processes/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
active_processes)
echo "$(sed -n '10p' ${php_status_file} |awk '{print $NF}')"
;;
total_processes)
echo "$(awk '/total processes/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
max_active_processes)
echo "$(awk '/max active processes/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
max_children_reached)
echo "$(awk '/max children reached/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
slow_requests)
echo "$(awk '/slow requests/ {print $NF}' ${php_status_file})"
;;
*)
echo "USAGE: $0 { pool | process_manager | start_time | start_since }"
exit 1
esac
1:编写脚本,根据用户输入的服务名称查询该服务的状态,并让用户选择启动、关闭、重启、保持不变并输出该服务器以启动、关闭、重启、保持不变
[root@manager case]# cat case-6.sh
#!/bin/bash
#判断当前执行脚本的是否为超级管理员
if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo ""$USER" $0 Permission denied"
exit
fi
#判断用户传入的参数
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
echo "USAGE: $0 Service Name [ nginx | httpd | vsftpd | rsyncd ]"
exit
fi
systemctl status $1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 4 ];then
echo "Unit $1 could not be found."
else
#字符串比对
system_status=$(systemctl status $1|grep Active|awk '{print $2}')
if [ $system_status == "active" ];then
read -p "$1 已启动,你可以选择 [ restart | stop ] " Action
case $Action in
restart)
systemctl restart $1
echo "$1 重启成功......"
;;
stop)
systemctl stop $1
echo "$1 停止成功......"
;;
*)
exit 1
esac
#针对没有启动的服务,提示是否启动
elif [ $system_status == "inactive" ];then
read -p "$1 未启动,可以选择 [ start | quit ] " Action2
case $Action2 in
start)
systemctl start $1
echo "$1 启动成功"
;;
quit)
echo "Bye"
exit
;;
*)
exit
esac
fi
fi
方式二:
[root@manager case]# cat case-5.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: case-5.sh
#Description:
read -p "请输入你要查询服务的名称:" Action
systemctl status ${Action} &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "Active: active (running)"
else
echo "Active: failed"
fi
cat <<EOF
1)启动
2)停止
3)重启
4)退出
EOF
read -p "请输入你需要执行的操作:[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 ] " Nu
case ${Nu} in
1)
systemctl start ${Action}
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$Action服务已启动"
else
echo "$Action服务未启动"
fi
;;
2)
systemctl stop ${Action}
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$Action服务已停止"
exit 1
fi
;;
3)
systemctl restart ${Action}
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$Action服务已重启"
exit 1
fi
;;
4)
echo "抱歉,没有这个服务,你可以去其他地方找找"
esac
2:输入两个数字,输出的两个数字加减乘除得四个的数(判断输入的是否为两个数字,输入的是否为数字)
[root@manager case]# cat case-6.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: case-6.sh
#Description:
if [[ ! $1$2 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then
echo "你输入的不是数字"
exit 1
fi
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
echo "请输入两个数字:[ 1 | 2 ]"
exit 1
fi
echo "$1 + $2 = $[ $1 + $2 ]"
echo "$1 - $2 = $[ $1 - $2 ]"
echo "$1 * $2 = $[ $1 * $2 ]"
echo "$1 / $2 = $[ $1 / $2 ]"
echo "$1 % $2 = $[ $1 % $2 ]"
4:取出当前系统日期、时间、当前有几个登陆用户、过去15分钟的平均负载、当前可用内存大小、当前系统空闲时间,输入到/tmp/txt.csv
[root@manager 作业题]# cat if2.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: if2.sh
#Description:
Date=$(date +%F_%T)
User=$(w |awk '/up/ {print $6}')
Load=$(w |awk '/up/ {print $NF}')
Free=$(free -h |awk '/Mem/ {print $NF}')
Time=$(cat /proc/uptime |awk '{print $2}')
echo "当前系统时间:${Date}" > /tmp/txt.csv
echo "当前登录用户:${User}" >> /tmp/txt.csv
echo "当前系统过去15分钟的平均负载:${Load}" >> /tmp/txt.csv
echo "当前系统可用内存大小:${Free}" >> /tmp/txt.csv
echo "当前系统空闲时间:${Time}" >> /tmp/txt.csv
5:检测本机当前用户是否为超级管理员,如果是管理员,则使用 yum 安装 vsftpd,如果不是,则提示您非管理员
[root@manager 作业题]# cat if1.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-30
#FileName: if1.sh
#Description:
if [ $UID -eq 0 ];then
echo "用户为超级管理员"
yum install vsftpd -y &> /dev/null
else
echo "抱歉,您不是管理员"
fi
for
需求1:批量探测某个网段的主机存活状态,将存活的主机存入ok.txt文件中。
方式一:
[root@web01 for]# cat for3.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
for i in {1..254}
do
{
ip=10.0.0.$i
ping -W1 -c1 $ip &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip 存活" >>ok.txt
fi
}&
done
wait
方式二:
[root@manager for]# cat for-07.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-07.sh
#Description:
ip=10.0.0.
for n in `seq 1 254`
do {
ping -W1 -c1 $ip$n &>/dev/null
rc=0
if [ $rc -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip$n 存活"
fi
}&
done
wait
需求2:判断主机存活状态,要求判断三次,如果三次失败则失败。
方式一:
[root@web01 for]# cat for4.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
ip=10.0.0.
for i in `seq 1 254`
do {
ping -W1 -c1 $ip$i &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip$i 存活" >>yes.txt
else
for j in {1..3}
do
ping -W1 -c1 $ip$i &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip$j 存活" >>yes.txt
else
echo "$ip$j 不存活" >>err.txt
fi
done
fi
}&
done
wait
方式二:
[root@manager for]# cat for-12.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..254}
do
{
ip=10.0.0.$i
ping -W1 -c1 $ip &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip 存活" >> ok.txt
else
#如果判断第一次不存活,则在进行一次for循环,循环3次
for j in {1..3}
do
ping -W1 -c1 $ip &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip 存活" >> ok.txt
else
echo "$ip 不存活" >> err.txt
fi
done
fi
}&
done
wait
二、使用nmap
nmap localhost #查看主机当前开放的端口
nmap -p 1024-65535 localhost #查看主机端口(1024-65535)中开放的端口
nmap -PS 192.168.21.163 #探测目标主机开放的端口
nmap -PS22,80,3306 192.168.21.163 #探测所列出的目标主机端口
nmap -O 192.168.21.163 #探测目标主机操作系统类型
nmap -A 192.168.21.163 #探测目标主机操作系统类型
nmap --help #更多nmap参数请查询帮助信息
需求3:现在有一个ip.txt的文件,里面有很多IP地址。还有一个port.txt的文件,里面有很多端口号。现在希望对ip.txt的每个IP地址进行端口的探测,探测的端口号来源于port.txt文件中 最后将开放的端口和IP保存到一个ok.txt文件。
ip.txt port.txt
10.0.0.1 80
10.0.0.2 22
10.0.0.3 3306
10.0.0.4 23
10.0.0.5 443
10.0.0.6 9000
10.0.0.7 123
10.0.0.8 6379
10.0.0.9 10050
172.16.1.5 10051
192.168.10.1
172.16.1.6
[root@web01 for]# cat for6.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
#遍历文件中的ip地址
for ip in $(cat ip.txt)
do {
#第二次循环,遍历文件中的端口号
for port in $(cat port.txt)
do
#探测ip与端口的存活状态
nc -vz -w 1 $ip $port &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$ip $port 端口已开放"
else
echo "$ip $port 端口未开放" >>er.txt
fi
done
}&
done
wait
需求4:获取系统的所有用户并输出。效果如下:
This is 1 user: root
This is 2 user: bin
This is 3 user: daemon
This is 4 user: adm
...............
1.怎么获取所有的用户
2.遍历/etc/passwd这个文件
3.如何让数字的编号进行
[root@manager for]# cat for-12.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-12.sh
#Description:
i=1
user=$(cat /etc/passwd |awk -F ":" '{print $1}')
for ur in $user
do
echo "This is ${i} $ur"
i=$[ $i +1 ]
sleep 1
done
需求5:批量创建100个用户,比如输入oldxu则会创建oldxu01-100。
[root@manager for]# cat for-10.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-10.sh
#Description:
read -p "请输入创建用户的前缀:" qian
#for user in {1..100}
for user in $(seq -w 1 100)
do
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "请输入前缀"
fi
id $qian$user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd $qian$user
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "$qian$user is OK"
fi
else
echo "$qian$user用户已存在"
fi
done
需求6:批量创建用户脚本,需要用户输入创建的用户数量,以及需要用户输入创建的前缀。例如:前缀oldxu,个数10,代表创建oldxu1~oldxu10,总共10个用户。
[root@manager for]# cat for-11.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-11.sh
#Description:
. /etc/init.d/functions
read -p "请输入创建用户的前缀:" qian
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "请输入前缀,谢谢!"
exit 1
fi
read -p "请输入要创建几个用户:" num
if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then
echo "请输入整数"
fi
for i in $(seq "$num")
do
user=${qian}$i
useradd $user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "用户创建成功" /bin/true
else
action "用户创建失败" /bin/false
fi
done
需求7:批量创建用户脚本,需要用户输入创建的用户数量(必须是整数),同时还需要用户输入前缀(前缀不能为空)。
例如:前缀oldxu,个数10,代表创建oldxu1~oldxu10,总共10个用户。
[root@manager for]# cat for-11.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-11.sh
#Description:
. /etc/init.d/functions
read -p "请输入创建用户的前缀:" qian
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "请输入前缀,谢谢!"
exit 1
fi
read -p "请输入要创建几个用户:" num
if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then
echo "请输入整数"
fi
for i in $(seq "$num")
do
user=${qian}$i
useradd $user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "用户创建成功" /bin/true
else
action "用户创建失败" /bin/false
fi
done
需求8:循环批量创建用户,需要填入用户的数量、用户的前缀、用户的统一密码(使用read、case、for语句)
[root@manager for]# cat for-13.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-11.sh
#Description:
. /etc/init.d/functions
read -p "请输入创建用户的前缀:" qian
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "请输入前缀,谢谢!"
exit 1
fi
read -p "请输入要创建几个用户:" num
if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then
echo "请输入整数"
fi
for i in $(seq "$num")
do
user=${qian}$i
useradd $user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "用户创建成功" /bin/true
else
action "用户创建失败" /bin/false
fi
echo "123" |passwd --stdin $user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "增加密码成功" /bin/true
else
action "设置密码失败" /bin/false
fi
done
需求9:通过读入文件中的用户,进行批量添加用户。
[root@manager for]# cat for-15.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-15.sh
#Description:
for user in $(cat user.txt)
do
useradd $user
done
需求10:通过读入文件中的用户与密码文件,进行批量添加用户。文件中的格式: user:passwd
[root@manager for]# cat for-16.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-16.sh
#Description:
for user in $(cat user.txt)
do
us=$(echo $user |awk -F ":" '{print $1}')
pw=$(echo $user |awk -F ":" '{print $2}')
id $us &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
continue
else
useradd $us
echo "$pw" | passwd --stdin $us &> /dev/null
echo "$us is create ok......"
fi
done
需求11: 批量创建用户,用户名oldxu01-100 密码随机(8~12), 然后将创建成功的用户名及密码写入到一个文件中.
mkpasswd -l
oldxu01:dasd1#!@#!@dsa
oldxu02:dascxasdas1!@#
[root@manager for]# cat for-17.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: for-17.sh
#Description:
. /etc/init.d/functions
i=8
read -p "请输入你需要创建用户的前缀:" qian
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "不能输入回车"
exit
fi
for user in {1..10}
do
id $qian$user &> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd $qian$user
mkpasswd -l $i
i=$[ $i +1 ]
echo "$qian$user:$(mkpasswd -l $i)" >> pass.txt
echo "$qian$user 创建成功"
fi
done
需求12:使用case实现批量删除用户。
1.提示用户输入需要删除的用户以及删除的个数。
2.如果用户存在则删除,如果不存在则提示no such user。
[root@manager for]# cat userdel.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date: 2019-10-31
#FileName: userdel.sh
#Description:
read -p "请输入删除用户的前缀:" qian
if [ -z $qian ];then
echo "请输入用户前缀"
fi
read -p "请输入你要删除几个:" num
if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];then
echo "请输入数字"
exit
fi
for user in {1..100}
do
id $qian$num &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
userdel $qian$user
echo "$qian$user 删除成功"
else
echo "$qian$user no such user"
fi
done
需求13:查看当前系统已使用内存的百分比,如果以使用的内存占比超过50%则将后台运行的服务列出来,并让用户选择保持不变或者关掉某个服务,后再次显示使用内存的百分比,若还超过50%,则重复上述操作
需求14:使用for循环备份mysql库,每个库对应一个sql文件,需要排除没用的。
1.如何拿到所有的库名称 wordpress jpress zabbix zrlog
2.循环拼接备份命令 mysqldump -uroot -poldxu.com -B zabbix >/mysql/data/zabbix.sql
[root@db01 ~]# cat mysql-db.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
db_path=/backup/mysql
date_time=$(date +%F)
db_name=$(mysql -uroot -e "show databases" |sed 1d |egrep -v "*_schema|test|mysql")
[ -d $db_path ] || mkdir -p $db_path
for i in $db_name
do
mysqldump -uroot -B ${i} > $db_path/${i}_${date_time}.sql
if [ -f $db_path/${i}_${date_time}.sql ];then
echo "$i backup is OK....."
else
echo "$i backup is error...."
fi
done
#保留最近180天的数据
if [ -f $db_path/$date_time/day.txt ];then
touch $db_path/$date_time/day.txt
find $db_path -type f -mtime +180 -delete > $db_path/$date_time/day.txt
fi需求15:使用for嵌套循环实现分库分表备份。
[root@db01 ~]# cat mysql-backup.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
db_path=/backup/mysql
date_time=$(date +%F)
db_name=$(mysql -uroot -e "show databases;" |sed 1d |egrep -v "*_schema|mysql|test")
#1.准备备份的目录
[ -d $db_path ] || mkdir -p $db_path
#2.获取所有的库名称
for i in $db_name
do
#3.获取对于库的所有表
db_table=$(mysql -uroot -e "use $i; show tables" |sed 1d)
for j in $db_table
do
[ -d $db_path/$i/$date_time ] || mkdir -p $db_path/$i/$date_time
mysqldump -uroot $i $j >$db_path/$i/$date_time/${j}.sql
done
done
需求16:编写一个上课随机点名脚本。
[root@manager for]# cat for-20.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ -s name.txt ];then
User=$(sort --random-sort name.txt |awk 'NR==1')
echo "$User"
grep $User name.txt >> name1.txt
sed -i '/'$User'/d' name.txt
else
cat name1.txt>name.txt
rm -rf name1.txt
fi
[root@manager for]# cat for-20.sh
#!/bin/bash
#1.只循环20次
for i in {1..20}
do
#统计一下名单中的行号
line=$(cat name.txt|wc -l)
#设定一个随机的变量值,但这个值不能超过文件名单的行号
sj=$(( ${RANDOM}%$line+1 ))
循环20次,打印20次名单
echo -e " $(sed -n "${sj}p" name.txt) "
sleep 0.1
done
sj=$(( $sj + 1 ))
username=$(sed -n "${sj}p" name.txt)
echo -e 这次回答问题的是: "