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  • Python基础及语法(十)

    异常处理

    错误和异常

    在高级编程语言中,一般都有错误和异常的概念,错误指逻辑错误,笔误,函数或类使用错误,总之错误是可以避免的,异常就是没有错误的前提下出现的意外,异常时可以捕获并处理的。

    raise语句

    1 raise BaseException

    直接抛出BaseException

    异常捕获

     1 try:
     2     1/0
     3     print(a)
     4 except ZeroDivisionError as e:  # as后是前的标识符
     5     print(type(e), e)
     6 except NameError as e:
     7     print(type(e), e)
     8 else:
     9     print('OK')  # 没有捕获错误时执行
    10 finally:
    11     print('finally')  # finally必定执行
    12 # <class 'ZeroDivisionError'> division by zero
    13 # finally
     1 try:
     2     print(a)
     3     1/0
     4 except ZeroDivisionError as e:  # as后是前的标识符
     5     print(type(e), e)
     6 except NameError as e:
     7     print(type(e), e)
     8 else:
     9     print('OK')  # 没有捕获错误时执行
    10 finally:
    11     print('finally')  # finally必定执行
    12 # <class 'NameError'> name 'a' is not defined
    13 # finally
     1 a = 1
     2 try:
     3     print(a)
     4 except ZeroDivisionError as e:  # as后是前的标识符
     5     print(type(e), e)
     6 except NameError as e:
     7     print(type(e), e)
     8 else:
     9     print('OK')  # 没有捕获错误时执行
    10 finally:
    11     print('finally')  # finally必定执行
    12 # 1
    13 # OK
    14 # finally

    except: 可以捕获所有异常,但是尽量使用精确异常捕获

    KeyboardInterrupt 在命令行界面捕捉“Ctrl+C”终止命名错误提示

    argparse模块

     1 import argparse
     2 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='ls', add_help=True, description='list directory contents')  # add_help开启-p,--help命令
     3 parser.add_argument('path', nargs='?', default='.', help='directory')  # path缺省为当前目录'.',可以在命令行界面自定义目录
     4 parser.add_argument('-a', '--all', action='store_true', help='show all files, do not ignore entries starting with .')
     5 parser.add_argument('-l', action='store_true', help='use a long listing format')
     6 args = parser.parse_args()  # Namespace(all=False, l=False, path='.')
     7 parser.print_help()
     8 # usage: ls [-h] [-a] [-l] [path]
     9 # 
    10 # list directory contents
    11 # 
    12 # positional arguments:
    13 #   path        directory
    14 # 
    15 # optional arguments:
    16 #   -h, --help  show this help message and exit
    17 #   -a, --all   show all files, do not ignore entries starting with .
    18 #   -l          use a long listing format

    在命令行界面执行py文件可以记录-a,-l命令的True,False开关状态

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bgr1115/p/12965389.html
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