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  • 微信公众平台java开发具体解释(project代码+解析)


    说明:
    本次的教程主要是对微信公众平台开发人员模式的解说,网络上非常多类似文章,但非常多都让初学微信开发的人一头雾水,所以总结自己的微信开发经验,将微信开发的整个过程系统的列出,并对主要代码进行解说分析,让刚開始学习的人尽快上手。

    在阅读本文之前,应对微信公众平台的官方开发文档有所了解,知道接收和发送的都是xml格式的数据。另外,在做内容回复时用到了图灵机器人的api接口这是一个自然语言解析的开放平台,能够帮我们解决整个微信开发过程中最困难的问题,此处不多讲,以下会有其具体的调用方式。


    1.1 在登录微信官方平台之后,开启开发人员模式,此时须要我们填写url和token,所谓url就是我们自己server的接口,用WechatServlet.java来实现,相关解释已经在凝视中说明,代码例如以下:

    package demo.servlet;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import demo.process.WechatProcess;
    /**
     * 微信服务端收发消息接口
     * 
     * @author pamchen-1
     * 
     */
    public class WechatServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    	/**
    	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
    	 * 
    	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
    	 * 
    	 * @param request
    	 *            the request send by the client to the server
    	 * @param response
    	 *            the response send by the server to the client
    	 * @throws ServletException
    	 *             if an error occurred
    	 * @throws IOException
    	 *             if an error occurred
    	 */
    	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    
    		/** 读取接收到的xml消息 */
    		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    		InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
    		InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
    		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
    		String s = "";
    		while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
    			sb.append(s);
    		}
    		String xml = sb.toString();	//次即为接收到微信端发送过来的xml数据
    
    		String result = "";
    		/** 推断是否是微信接入激活验证,仅仅有首次接入验证时才会收到echostr參数,此时须要把它直接返回 */
    		String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
    		if (echostr != null && echostr.length() > 1) {
    			result = echostr;
    		} else {
    			//正常的微信处理流程
    			result = new WechatProcess().processWechatMag(xml);
    		}
    
    		try {
    			OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
    			os.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
    			os.flush();
    			os.close();
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
    	 * 
    	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
    	 * post.
    	 * 
    	 * @param request
    	 *            the request send by the client to the server
    	 * @param response
    	 *            the response send by the server to the client
    	 * @throws ServletException
    	 *             if an error occurred
    	 * @throws IOException
    	 *             if an error occurred
    	 */
    	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws ServletException, IOException {
    		doGet(request, response);
    	}
    
    }
    

    1.2 对应的web.xml配置信息例如以下,在生成WechatServlet.java的同一时候,可自己主动生成web.xml中的配置。前面所提到的url处能够填写比如:http;//server地址/项目名/wechat.do

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app version="2.5" 
    	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
      <servlet>
        <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
        <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
        <servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>demo.servlet.WechatServlet</servlet-class>
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/wechat.do</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
    </web-app>

    1.3 通过以上代码,我们已经实现了微信公众平台开发的框架,即开通开发人员模式并成功接入、接收消息和发送消息这三个步骤。


    以下就解说其核心部分——解析接收到的xml数据,并以文本类消息为例,通过图灵机器人api接口实现智能回复。


    2.1 首先看一下总体流程处理代码,包含:xml数据处理、调用图灵api、封装返回的xml数据。
    package demo.process;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;
    
    /**
     * 微信xml消息处理流程逻辑类
     * @author pamchen-1
     *
     */
    public class WechatProcess {
    	/**
    	 * 解析处理xml、获取智能回复结果(通过图灵机器人api接口)
    	 * @param xml 接收到的微信数据
    	 * @return	终于的解析结果(xml格式数据)
    	 */
    	public String processWechatMag(String xml){
    		/** 解析xml数据 */
    		ReceiveXmlEntity xmlEntity = new ReceiveXmlProcess().getMsgEntity(xml);
    		
    		/** 以文本消息为例,调用图灵机器人api接口,获取回复内容 */
    		String result = "";
    		if("text".endsWith(xmlEntity.getMsgType())){
    			result = new TulingApiProcess().getTulingResult(xmlEntity.getContent());
    		}
    		
    		/** 此时,假设用户输入的是“你好”,在经过上面的过程之后,result为“你也好”相似的内容 
    		 *  由于终于回复给微信的也是xml格式的数据,全部须要将其封装为文本类型返回消息
    		 * */
    		result = new FormatXmlProcess().formatXmlAnswer(xmlEntity.getFromUserName(), xmlEntity.getToUserName(), result);
    		
    		return result;
    	}
    }
    

    2.2 解析接收到的xml数据,此处有两个类,ReceiveXmlEntity.java和ReceiveXmlProcess.java,通过反射的机制动态调用实体类中的set方法,能够避免非常多反复的推断,提高代码效率,代码例如以下:

    package demo.entity;
    /**
     * 接收到的微信xml实体类
     * @author pamchen-1
     *
     */
    public class ReceiveXmlEntity {
    	private String ToUserName="";
    	private String FromUserName="";
    	private String CreateTime="";
    	private String MsgType="";
    	private String MsgId="";
    	private String Event="";
    	private String EventKey="";
    	private String Ticket="";
    	private String Latitude="";
    	private String Longitude="";
    	private String Precision="";
    	private String PicUrl="";
    	private String MediaId="";
    	private String Title="";
    	private String Description="";
    	private String Url="";
    	private String Location_X="";
    	private String Location_Y="";
    	private String Scale="";
    	private String Label="";
    	private String Content="";
    	private String Format="";
    	private String Recognition="";
    	
    	public String getRecognition() {
    		return Recognition;
    	}
    	public void setRecognition(String recognition) {
    		Recognition = recognition;
    	}
    	public String getFormat() {
    		return Format;
    	}
    	public void setFormat(String format) {
    		Format = format;
    	}
    	public String getContent() {
    		return Content;
    	}
    	public void setContent(String content) {
    		Content = content;
    	}
    	public String getLocation_X() {
    		return Location_X;
    	}
    	public void setLocation_X(String locationX) {
    		Location_X = locationX;
    	}
    	public String getLocation_Y() {
    		return Location_Y;
    	}
    	public void setLocation_Y(String locationY) {
    		Location_Y = locationY;
    	}
    	public String getScale() {
    		return Scale;
    	}
    	public void setScale(String scale) {
    		Scale = scale;
    	}
    	public String getLabel() {
    		return Label;
    	}
    	public void setLabel(String label) {
    		Label = label;
    	}
    	public String getTitle() {
    		return Title;
    	}
    	public void setTitle(String title) {
    		Title = title;
    	}
    	public String getDescription() {
    		return Description;
    	}
    	public void setDescription(String description) {
    		Description = description;
    	}
    	public String getUrl() {
    		return Url;
    	}
    	public void setUrl(String url) {
    		Url = url;
    	}
    	public String getPicUrl() {
    		return PicUrl;
    	}
    	public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
    		PicUrl = picUrl;
    	}
    	public String getMediaId() {
    		return MediaId;
    	}
    	public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
    		MediaId = mediaId;
    	}
    	public String getEventKey() {
    		return EventKey;
    	}
    	public void setEventKey(String eventKey) {
    		EventKey = eventKey;
    	}
    	public String getTicket() {
    		return Ticket;
    	}
    	public void setTicket(String ticket) {
    		Ticket = ticket;
    	}
    	public String getLatitude() {
    		return Latitude;
    	}
    	public void setLatitude(String latitude) {
    		Latitude = latitude;
    	}
    	public String getLongitude() {
    		return Longitude;
    	}
    	public void setLongitude(String longitude) {
    		Longitude = longitude;
    	}
    	public String getPrecision() {
    		return Precision;
    	}
    	public void setPrecision(String precision) {
    		Precision = precision;
    	}
    	public String getEvent() {
    		return Event;
    	}
    	public void setEvent(String event) {
    		Event = event;
    	}
    	public String getMsgId() {
    		return MsgId;
    	}
    	public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
    		MsgId = msgId;
    	}
    	public String getToUserName() {
    		return ToUserName;
    	}
    	public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
    		ToUserName = toUserName;
    	}
    	public String getFromUserName() {
    		return FromUserName;
    	}
    	public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
    		FromUserName = fromUserName;
    	}
    	public String getCreateTime() {
    		return CreateTime;
    	}
    	public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {
    		CreateTime = createTime;
    	}
    	public String getMsgType() {
    		return MsgType;
    	}
    	public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
    		MsgType = msgType;
    	}
    }
    

    package demo.process;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Field;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import org.dom4j.Document;
    import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
    import org.dom4j.Element;
    
    import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;
    /**
     * 解析接收到的微信xml,返回消息对象
     * @author pamchen-1
     *
     */
    public class ReceiveXmlProcess {
    	/**
    	 * 解析微信xml消息
    	 * @param strXml
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public ReceiveXmlEntity getMsgEntity(String strXml){
    		ReceiveXmlEntity msg = null;
    		try {
    			if (strXml.length() <= 0 || strXml == null)
    				return null;
    			 
    			// 将字符串转化为XML文档对象
    			Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(strXml);
    			// 获得文档的根节点
    			Element root = document.getRootElement();
    			// 遍历根节点下全部子节点
    			Iterator<?> iter = root.elementIterator();
    			
    			// 遍历全部结点
    			msg = new ReceiveXmlEntity();
    			//利用反射机制,调用set方法
    			//获取该实体的元类型
    			Class<?> c = Class.forName("demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity");
    			msg = (ReceiveXmlEntity)c.newInstance();//创建这个实体的对象
    			
    			while(iter.hasNext()){
    				Element ele = (Element)iter.next();
    				//获取set方法中的參数字段(实体类的属性)
    				Field field = c.getDeclaredField(ele.getName());
    				//获取set方法,field.getType())获取它的參数数据类型
    				Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("set"+ele.getName(), field.getType());
    				//调用set方法
    				method.invoke(msg, ele.getText());
    			}
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			// TODO: handle exception
    			System.out.println("xml 格式异常: "+ strXml);
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return msg;
    	}
    }
    

    2.3 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容

    package demo.process;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    import org.json.JSONException;
    import org.json.JSONObject;
    
    /**
     * 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容
     * @author pamchen-1
     *
     */
    public class TulingApiProcess {
    	/**
    	 * 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容,解析获取自己所需结果
    	 * @param content
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public String getTulingResult(String content){
    		/** 此处为图灵api接口,參数key须要自己去注冊申请,先以11111111取代 */
    		String apiUrl = "http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api?key=11111111&info=";
    		String param = "";
    		try {
    			param = apiUrl+URLEncoder.encode(content,"utf-8");
    		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e1.printStackTrace();
    		} //将參数转为url编码
    		
    		/** 发送httpget请求 */
    		HttpGet request = new HttpGet(param);
    		String result = "";
    		try {
    			HttpResponse response = HttpClients.createDefault().execute(request);
    			if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
    				result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
    			}
    		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} catch (IOException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		/** 请求失败处理 */
    		if(null==result){
    			return "对不起,你说的话真是太高深了……";
    		}
    		
    		try {
    			JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);
    			//以code=100000为例,參考图灵机器人api文档
    			if(100000==json.getInt("code")){
    				result = json.getString("text");
    			}
    		} catch (JSONException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return result;
    	}
    }

    2.4 将结果封装为微信规定的xml格式,并返回给1.1中创建的servlet接口。

    package demo.process;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    /**
     * 封装终于的xml格式结果
     * @author pamchen-1
     *
     */
    public class FormatXmlProcess {
    	/**
    	 * 封装文字类的返回消息
    	 * @param to
    	 * @param from
    	 * @param content
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public String formatXmlAnswer(String to, String from, String content) {
    		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    		Date date = new Date();
    		sb.append("<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[");
    		sb.append(to);
    		sb.append("]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[");
    		sb.append(from);
    		sb.append("]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>");
    		sb.append(date.getTime());
    		sb.append("</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[");
    		sb.append(content);
    		sb.append("]]></Content><FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag></xml>");
    		return sb.toString();
    	}
    }
    

    总结,以上便是微信公众平台开发的所有流程,总体来看并不复杂,要很感谢图灵机器人提供的api接口,帮我们攻克了智能回复这一高难度问题。其它类型的消息处理与演示样例中类似,有兴趣的开发人员能够联系我进行交流学习,希望本文对大家有所帮助。

    本问中的代码演示样例已经上传到了csdn的个人资源中,有须要的能够去下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/pamchen/7793979

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bhlsheji/p/4070589.html
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