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  • YARN源码分析(一)-----ApplicationMaster

    前言

    在之前两周主要学了HDFS中的一些模块知识,其中的许多都或多或少有我们借鉴学习的地方,现在将目光转向另外一个块,被誉为MRv2,就是yarn,在Yarn中,解决了MR中JobTracker单点的问题,将此拆分成了ResourceManager和NodeManager这样的结构,在每个节点上,还会有ApplicationMaster来管理应用程序的整个生命周期,的确在Yarn中,多了许多优秀的设计,而今天,我主要分享的就是这个ApplicationMaster相关的一整套服务,他是隶属于ResoureManager的内部服务中的.了解了AM的启动机制,你将会更进一步了解Yarn的任务启动过程.


    ApplicationMaster管理涉及类

    ApplicationMaster管理涉及到了4大类,ApplicationMasterLauncher,AMLivelinessMonitor,ApplicationMasterService,以及ApplicationMaster自身类.下面介绍一下这些类的用途,在Yarn中,每个类都会有自己明确的功能模块的区分.

    1.ApplicationMasterLauncher--姑且叫做AM启动关闭事件处理器,他既是一个服务也是一个处理器,在这个类中,只处理2类事件,launch和cleanup事件.分别对应启动应用和关闭应用的情形.

    2.AMLivelinessMonitor--这个类从名字上可以看出他是监控类,监控的对象是AM存活状态的监控类,检测的方法与之前的HDFS一样,都是采用heartbeat的方式,如果有节点过期了,将会触发一次过期事件.

    3.ApplicationMasterService--AM请求服务处理类.AMS存在于ResourceManager,中,服务的对象是各个节点上的ApplicationMaster,负责接收各个AM的注册请求,更新心跳包信息等.

    4.ApplicationMaster--节点应用管理类,简单的说,ApplicationMaster负责管理整个应用的生命周期.

    简答的描述完AM管理的相关类,下面从源码级别分析一下几个流程.


    AM启动

    要想让AM启动,启动的背景当然是有用户提交了新的Application的时候,之后ApplicationMasterLauncher会生成Launch事件,与对应的nodemanager通信,让其准备启动的新的AM的Container.在这里,就用到了ApplicationMasterLauncher这个类,之前在上文中已经提到,此类就处理2类事件,Launch启动和Cleanup清洗事件,先来看看这个类的基本变量设置

    //Application应用事件处理器
    public class ApplicationMasterLauncher extends AbstractService implements
        EventHandler<AMLauncherEvent> {
      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(
          ApplicationMasterLauncher.class);
      private final ThreadPoolExecutor launcherPool;
      private LauncherThread launcherHandlingThread;
      
      //事件队列
      private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> masterEvents
        = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
      //资源管理器上下文
      protected final RMContext context;
      
      public ApplicationMasterLauncher(RMContext context) {
        super(ApplicationMasterLauncher.class.getName());
        this.context = context;
        //初始化线程池
        this.launcherPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10, 10, 1, 
            TimeUnit.HOURS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
        //新建处理线程
        this.launcherHandlingThread = new LauncherThread();
      }

    还算比较简单,有一个masterEvents事件队列,还有执行线程以及所需的线程池执行环境。在RM相关的服务中,基本都是继承自AbstractService这个抽象服务类的。ApplicationMasterLauncher中主要处理2类事件,就是下面的展示的

    @Override
      public synchronized void  handle(AMLauncherEvent appEvent) {
        AMLauncherEventType event = appEvent.getType();
        RMAppAttempt application = appEvent.getAppAttempt();
        //处理来自ApplicationMaster获取到的请求,分为启动事件和清洗事件2种
        switch (event) {
        case LAUNCH:
          launch(application);
          break;
        case CLEANUP:
          cleanup(application);
        default:
          break;
        }
      }
    然后调用具体的实现方法,以启动事件launch事件为例

    //添加应用启动事件
      private void launch(RMAppAttempt application) {
        Runnable launcher = createRunnableLauncher(application, 
            AMLauncherEventType.LAUNCH);
        //将启动事件加入事件队列中
        masterEvents.add(launcher);
      }
    这些事件被加入到事件队列之后,是如何被处理的呢,通过消息队列的形式,在一个独立的线程中逐一被执行

    //执行线程实现
      private class LauncherThread extends Thread {
        
        public LauncherThread() {
          super("ApplicationMaster Launcher");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
          while (!this.isInterrupted()) {
            Runnable toLaunch;
            try {
              //执行方法为从事件队列中逐一取出事件
              toLaunch = masterEvents.take();
              //放入线程池池中进行执行
              launcherPool.execute(toLaunch);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
              LOG.warn(this.getClass().getName() + " interrupted. Returning.");
              return;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    如果论到事件的具体执行方式,就要看具体AMLauch是如何执行的,AMLauch本身就是一个runnable实例。

    /**
     * The launch of the AM itself.
     * Application事件执行器
     */
    public class AMLauncher implements Runnable {
    
      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AMLauncher.class);
    
      private ContainerManagementProtocol containerMgrProxy;
    
      private final RMAppAttempt application;
      private final Configuration conf;
      private final AMLauncherEventType eventType;
      private final RMContext rmContext;
      private final Container masterContainer;
    
    在里面主要的run方法如下,就是按照事件类型进行区分操作

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public void run() {
      	//AMLauncher分2中事件分别处理
        switch (eventType) {
        case LAUNCH:
          try {
            LOG.info("Launching master" + application.getAppAttemptId());
            //调用启动方法
            launch();
            handler.handle(new RMAppAttemptEvent(application.getAppAttemptId(),
                RMAppAttemptEventType.LAUNCHED));
          ...
          break;
        case CLEANUP:
          try {
            LOG.info("Cleaning master " + application.getAppAttemptId());
            //调用作业清洗方法
            cleanup();
          ...
          break;
        default:
          LOG.warn("Received unknown event-type " + eventType + ". Ignoring.");
          break;
        }
      }
    后面的launch操作会调用RPC函数与远程的NodeManager通信来启动Container。然后到了ApplicationMaster的run()启动方法,在启动方法中,会进行应用注册的方法,
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked" })
      public boolean run() throws YarnException, IOException {
        LOG.info("Starting ApplicationMaster");
    
        Credentials credentials =
            UserGroupInformation.getCurrentUser().getCredentials();
        DataOutputBuffer dob = new DataOutputBuffer();
        credentials.writeTokenStorageToStream(dob);
        // Now remove the AM->RM token so that containers cannot access it.
        Iterator<Token<?>> iter = credentials.getAllTokens().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
          Token<?> token = iter.next();
          if (token.getKind().equals(AMRMTokenIdentifier.KIND_NAME)) {
            iter.remove();
          }
        }
        allTokens = ByteBuffer.wrap(dob.getData(), 0, dob.getLength());
    
        //与ResourceManager通信,周期性发送心跳信息,包含了应用的最新信息
        AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler allocListener = new RMCallbackHandler();
        amRMClient = AMRMClientAsync.createAMRMClientAsync(1000, allocListener);
        amRMClient.init(conf);
        amRMClient.start();
        .....
    
        // Register self with ResourceManager
        // This will start heartbeating to the RM
        //启动之后进行AM的注册
        appMasterHostname = NetUtils.getHostname();
        RegisterApplicationMasterResponse response = amRMClient
            .registerApplicationMaster(appMasterHostname, appMasterRpcPort,
                appMasterTrackingUrl);
        // Dump out information about cluster capability as seen by the
        // resource manager
        int maxMem = response.getMaximumResourceCapability().getMemory();
        LOG.info("Max mem capabililty of resources in this cluster " + maxMem);
    
        // A resource ask cannot exceed the max.
        if (containerMemory > maxMem) {
          LOG.info("Container memory specified above max threshold of cluster."
              + " Using max value." + ", specified=" + containerMemory + ", max="
              + maxMem);
          containerMemory = maxMem;
        }
    在这个操作中,会将自己注册到AMLivelinessMonitor中,此刻开始启动心跳监控。


    AMLiveLinessMonitor监控

    在这里把重心从ApplicationMaster转移到AMLivelinessMonitor上,首先这是一个激活状态的监控线程,此类线程都有一个共同的父类

    //应用存活状态监控线程
    public class AMLivelinessMonitor extends AbstractLivelinessMonitor<ApplicationAttemptId> {
    在AbstractlinessMonitor中定义监控类线程的一类特征和方法

    //进程存活状态监控类
    public abstract class AbstractLivelinessMonitor<O> extends AbstractService {
    
      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AbstractLivelinessMonitor.class);
    
      //thread which runs periodically to see the last time since a heartbeat is
      //received.
      //检查线程
      private Thread checkerThread;
      private volatile boolean stopped;
      //默认超时时间5分钟
      public static final int DEFAULT_EXPIRE = 5*60*1000;//5 mins
      //超时时间
      private int expireInterval = DEFAULT_EXPIRE;
      //监控间隔检测时间,为超时时间的1/3
      private int monitorInterval = expireInterval/3;
    
      private final Clock clock;
      
      //保存了心跳检验的结果记录
      private Map<O, Long> running = new HashMap<O, Long>();
    心跳检测本身非常的简单,做一次通信记录检查,然后更新一下,记录时间,当一个新的节点加入监控或解除监控操作

    //新的节点注册心跳监控
      public synchronized void register(O ob) {
        running.put(ob, clock.getTime());
      }
      
      //节点移除心跳监控
      public synchronized void unregister(O ob) {
        running.remove(ob);
      }
    每次做心跳周期检测的时候,调用下述方法

    //更新心跳监控检测最新时间
      public synchronized void receivedPing(O ob) {
        //only put for the registered objects
        if (running.containsKey(ob)) {
          running.put(ob, clock.getTime());
        }
      }
    非常简单的更新方法,O ob对象在这里因场景而异,在AM监控中,为ApplicationID应用ID。在后面的AMS和AM的交互中会看到。新的应用加入AMLivelinessMonitor监控中后,后面的主要操作就是AMS与AM之间的交互操作了。


    AM与AMS

    在ApplicationMaster运行之后,会周期性的向ApplicationMasterService发送心跳信息,心跳信息包含有许多资源描述信息。

    //ApplicationMaster心跳信息更新
      @Override
      public AllocateResponse allocate(AllocateRequest request)
          throws YarnException, IOException {
    
        ApplicationAttemptId appAttemptId = authorizeRequest();
        //进行心跳信息时间的更新
        this.amLivelinessMonitor.receivedPing(appAttemptId);
        ....
    每次心跳信息一来,就会更新最新监控时间。在AMS也有对应的注册应用的方法

      
      //ApplicationMaster在ApplicationMasterService上服务上进行应用注册
      @Override
      public RegisterApplicationMasterResponse registerApplicationMaster(
          RegisterApplicationMasterRequest request) throws YarnException,
          IOException {
    
        ApplicationAttemptId applicationAttemptId = authorizeRequest();
    
        ApplicationId appID = applicationAttemptId.getApplicationId();
        .....
          
          //在存活监控线程上进行心跳记录,更新检测时间,key为应用ID
          this.amLivelinessMonitor.receivedPing(applicationAttemptId);
          RMApp app = this.rmContext.getRMApps().get(appID);
          
          // Setting the response id to 0 to identify if the
          // application master is register for the respective attemptid
          lastResponse.setResponseId(0);
          responseMap.put(applicationAttemptId, lastResponse);
          LOG.info("AM registration " + applicationAttemptId);
          this.rmContext
    如果在心跳监控中出现过期的现象,就会触发一个expire事件,在AMLiveLinessMonitor中,这部分的工作是交给CheckThread执行的

    //进程存活状态监控类
    public abstract class AbstractLivelinessMonitor<O> extends AbstractService {
      ...
      //thread which runs periodically to see the last time since a heartbeat is
      //received.
      //检查线程
      private Thread checkerThread;
      ....
      //默认超时时间5分钟
      public static final int DEFAULT_EXPIRE = 5*60*1000;//5 mins
      //超时时间
      private int expireInterval = DEFAULT_EXPIRE;
      //监控间隔检测时间,为超时时间的1/3
      private int monitorInterval = expireInterval/3;
      ....
      //保存了心跳检验的结果记录
      private Map<O, Long> running = new HashMap<O, Long>();
      ...
    
      private class PingChecker implements Runnable {
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
          while (!stopped && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            synchronized (AbstractLivelinessMonitor.this) {
              Iterator<Map.Entry<O, Long>> iterator = 
                running.entrySet().iterator();
    
              //avoid calculating current time everytime in loop
              long currentTime = clock.getTime();
    
              while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry<O, Long> entry = iterator.next();
                //进行超时检测
                if (currentTime > entry.getValue() + expireInterval) {
                  iterator.remove();
                  //调用超时处理方法,将处理事件交由调度器处理
                  expire(entry.getKey());
                  LOG.info("Expired:" + entry.getKey().toString() + 
                          " Timed out after " + expireInterval/1000 + " secs");
                }
              }
            }
    
    check线程主要做的事件就是遍历每个节点的最新心跳更新时间,通过计算差值进行判断是否过期,过期调用expire方法。此方法由其子类实现

    //应用存活状态监控线程
    public class AMLivelinessMonitor extends AbstractLivelinessMonitor<ApplicationAttemptId> {
      //中央调度处理器
      private EventHandler dispatcher;
      ...
    
      @Override
      protected void expire(ApplicationAttemptId id) {
      	 //一旦应用过期,处理器处理过期事件处理
        dispatcher.handle(
            new RMAppAttemptEvent(id, RMAppAttemptEventType.EXPIRE));
      }
    }
    产生应用超期事件,然后发给中央调度器去处理。之所以采用的这样的方式,是因为在RM中,所有的模块设计是以事件驱动的形式工作,最大程度的保证了各个模块间的解耦。不同模块通过不同的事件转变为不同的状态,可以理解为状态机的改变。最后用一张书中的截图简单的展示AM模块相关的调用过程。




    全部代码的分析请点击链接https://github.com/linyiqun/hadoop-yarn,后续将会继续更新YARN其他方面的代码分析。


    参考文献

    《Hadoop技术内部–HDFS结构设计与实现原理》.蔡斌等

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bianqi/p/12183870.html
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