mysql编码问题

我比较推荐的方法是在创建数据库时便设置中文编码

create database bp default character set utf8;          #注意是utf8不是utf-8

以下方法只适用于mysql5.5以上版本的(其实我的是mariadb5.5版本的)
编辑mysql配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#log-bin=mysql-bin                      #这行是增量备份那个实验的
character_set_server=utf8               #添加这行
collation-server=utf8_general_ci        #添加这行
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'           #添加这行
#binlog_format=row
#skip-grant
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

[root@localhost ~]# 

接下来重启服务器

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%char%';             #查看数据库编码
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [bp]> create table zhao(id int ,name varchar(20));              #创建表时没有设置中文编码，导致中文还算是乱码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> insert into zhao values(3,'速度飞快将');
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> select * from zhao;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    3 | ????? |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> create table ff(id int ,name varchar(20)) character set utf8;             #创建表时设置中文编码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> insert into ff values(3,'速度飞快将');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> select * from ff;                     #显示正常
+------+-----------------+
| id   | name            |
+------+-----------------+
|    3 | 速度飞快将      |
+------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> show variables like '%char%';                 #utf8变回latin1，暂时还不知道原因，但似乎这个没有什么大影响
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> select * from ff;
+------+-----------------+
| id   | name            |
+------+-----------------+
|    3 | 速度飞快将      |
+------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [bp]> 

修改已存在数据库的编码：修改bp数据的编码为utf8
alter database bp character set utf8;
修改已存在的数据库表编码（如果不加convert to 的话，只能修改表格编码，但是不会自动修改表格字段编码，待验证）

alter table `tablename` convert to character set utf8;