命令行创建Oracle数据库

安装Oracle18c内核最低为

3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

通过命令查看 uname -a

3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

安装依赖包

yum install bc ,binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 ,compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64,compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686,compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64,glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686,glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64,glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686,glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64,ksh,libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686,libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64,libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686,libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64,libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.i686,libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.x86_64,libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.i686,libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64,libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686,libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64,libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686,libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64,libXrender-devel-0.9.10-1.el7.i686,libXrender-devel-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64,libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.i686,libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64,libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686,libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64,libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686,libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64,libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686,libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64,libxcb-1.9-5.el7.i686,libxcb-1.9-5.el7.x86_64,make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64,nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.21.el7.x86_64,net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7 ,python-2.7.5-34.0.1.el7 ,python-configshell-1.1.fb18-1.el7.noarch,python-rtslib-2.1.fb57-3.el7.noarch ,python-six-1.9.0-2.el7.noarch,smartmontools-6.2-4.el7.x86_64,sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64,targetcli-2.1.fb41-3.el7.noarch

创建Oracle用户和组

groupadd -g 12345 oinstall

groupadd -g 12346 dba

# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 12345 -g oinstall -G dba oracle　　　　# GID

如果已经创建的Oracle用户使用加入组

usermod -a -G oinstall,dba oracle

将oinstall设为主组

usermod -g oinstall oracle

passwd oracle

关闭seLinux和防火墙

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

修改内核参数

echo '
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
vm.min_free_kbytes=262144
' >> /etc/sysctl.conf

修改Linux限制

echo 'oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536' >>/etc/security/limits.conf

vim /etc/pam.d/login 找到这一行：session    required     pam_namespace.so ，在其下一行添加一条pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

创建Oracle_home和Oracle_base路径

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18c

chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01

$su - oracle //进入oracle用户模式下

设置Oracle环境变量

echo "ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18c

ORACLE_SID=bbll

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH" >>.bash_profile

环境变量生效

source .bash_profile

上传安装包

unzip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/18c

chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01

修改db_install.rsp文件，安装Oracle软件

/u01/app/oracle/product/18c/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/18c/install/response/db_install.rsp

创建监听

netca /silent /responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/18c/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

创建数据库

dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/18c/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

修改当前环境变量

. oraenv

1.创建实例配置文件

$cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

$cp initorcl.ora  initbbll.ora

$vi  initbbll.ora   

db_name='bbll'
vcenter.__java_pool_size=402653184
vcenter.__large_pool_size=134217728
vcenter.__oracle_base='/opt/11g/oracle'
vcenter.__pga_aggregate_target=11341398016
vcenter.__sga_target=34024194048
vcenter.__shared_io_pool_size=0
vcenter.__shared_pool_size=7985954816
vcenter.__streams_pool_size=67108864
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/11g/oracle/admin/bbll/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files = (ora_control3, ora_control4)
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='bbll'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=YFZD2XDB)'
*.local_listener=''
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=11333009408
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=34001125376
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

 

:s（substitute）命令用来查找和替换字符串。语法如下：

:{作用范围}s/{目标}/{替换}/{替换标志}

例如:%s/foo/bar/g会在全局范围(%)查找foo并替换为bar，所有出现都会被替换（g）

2.创建实例相关目录

 

$cd $ORACLE_BASE

$cd admin

$mkdir bbll

$cd bbll

$mkdir adump  bdump  cdump  pfile  udump

$mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/BBLL

3.创建vcenter数据文件

cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata

mkdir BBLL    

4.启动实例

$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [cdb] ? bbll
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/18c
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle

$sqlplus /nolog

sql>conn /as sysdba;

sql>startup nomount;

sql>select instance_name from v$instance;   //正常启动后执行语句可以看到运行的实例

sql>exit

5.创建密码文件

$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwbbll password=yourpassword force=y  //文件生成在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下

 

6.创建数据库脚本如下，进入到sql界面执行下面语句

sql>

  CREATE DATABASE bbll
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY manager
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   MAXINSTANCES 1
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE tbs_1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/tbs_1.dbf' size 50m
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bbll/undotbs1.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

//其中UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1必须与实例配置文件中的名字完全一样

sql>select status from v$instance;

//status为open表示成功

 

 

//运行后续脚本，创建数据字典及相关视图

SQL>conn sys as sysdba

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;

//此过程可能需要10分钟左右

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;

/此过程可能需要15分钟左右

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;

SQL>conn system/ manager

SQL>@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;

SQL>@?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql

//配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora，这两个文件在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下

listener.ora

(SID_LIST=
      (SID_DESC=
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME = bbll)         
         (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/18c)
         (SID_NAME = bbll)
       )
  )

tnsnames.ora
vcenter =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = bbll)
    )
  )

配置安装EM express

SQL> exec dbms_xdb_config.sethttpport(5500);

安装rlwrap命令，使Oracle中可以上下切换命令行

wget http://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/r/rlwrap-0.43-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh rlwrap-0.43-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba