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  • Ajax异步验证登陆或者注册

    首先介绍一个不错的学习Ajax的中文网站:http://www.w3school.com.cn/ajax/index.asp

    AJAX = 异步 JavaScript 和 XML。详细介绍见上面的网址即可;

    1:首先介绍一下使用Javascript写的异步验证,然而在实际开发过程中很少用这种的,太过繁琐,但是依旧写一个吧!至少懂其原理哦!

      1.1:第一种方式:先说使用get方法向服务器发送请求的方法吧;

        首先创建一个页面,如register.jsp,代码如下所示:

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
     7 <title>注册的页面</title>
     8 <script type="text/javascript">
     9     //onblur失去焦点的值
    10     
    11     //定义一个变量用于存放XMLHttpRequest对象
    12     var xmlHttp;
    13     function checkIt(){
    14         //获取文本框的值    
    15         var account=document.getElementById("account").value;
    16         //alert("测试获取文本框的值:"+account);
    17         //先创建XMLHttpRequest对象
    18         // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
    19         if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
    20             xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    21         } else {// code for IE6, IE5
    22             xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    23         }
    24         //服务器地址和数据
    25         var url="system/usercheck?account="+account;
    26         //规定请求的类型、URL 以及是否异步处理请求。
    27         xmlHttp.open("GET",url,true);
    28         //将请求发送到服务器
    29         xmlHttp.send();
    30         //回调函数
    31         xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){
    32             if (xmlHttp.readyState==4 && xmlHttp.status==200){
    33                 //给div设置内容
    34                 document.getElementById("errorAccount").innerHTML = xmlHttp.responseText;
    35             }
    36         }
    37         //给div设置内容
    38         //document.getElementById("errorAccount").innerHTML=account;
    39     }
    40 </script>
    41 </head>
    42 <body  bgcolor="#CCFF00">
    43 
    44 <center>
    45     <form action="" method="post">
    46         <table>
    47             <caption>注册的页面</caption>
    48             <tr>
    49                 <td>账号:</td>
    50                 <td>
    51                     <input type="text" name="account" id="account" onblur="checkIt()"/>
    52                     <div id="errorAccount" style="color:red;display:inline;"></div>    
    53                 </td>
    54             </tr>
    55             <tr>
    56                 <td>密码:</td>
    57                 <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td>
    58             </tr>
    59             <tr>
    60                 <td>姓名:</td>
    61                 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
    62             </tr>
    63             <tr>
    64                 <td>性别:</td>
    65                 <td><input type="text" name="sex"/></td>
    66             </tr>
    67             <tr>
    68                 <td></td>
    69                 <td>
    70                     <input type="submit" value="注册">
    71                     <input type="reset" value="重置">
    72                 </td>
    73             </tr>
    74         </table>    
    75     </form>
    76 </center>
    77 </body>
    78 </html>

        1.2:实现后台模拟数据库登陆的Servlet页面,源码如下,类名是UserCheckServlet.java

     1 package com.bie;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    11 
    12 /** 
    13 * @author BieHongLi 
    14 * @version 创建时间:2017年3月2日 下午9:06:46 
    15 * 
    16 */
    17 @WebServlet("/system/usercheck")
    18 public class UserCheckServlet extends HttpServlet{
    19 
    20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    21 
    22     @Override
    23     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    24             throws ServletException, IOException {
    25         this.doPost(request, response);
    26     }
    27 
    28     @Override
    29     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    30             throws ServletException, IOException {
    31         //设置字符编码集
    32         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    33         //模拟存在数据库里面的账号
    34         String[] arr={"张三","李四","王五","admin","小别"};
    35         //获取前台传来的数据
    36         String account=request.getParameter("account");
    37         
    38         //模拟和数据库里面的信息匹配
    39         boolean mark=false;
    40         for(String user:arr){
    41             if(user.equals(account)){
    42                 mark=true;
    43                 break;
    44             }
    45         }
    46         
    47         //响应前台
    48         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    49         response.setContentType("text/html");
    50         PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    51         if(mark){
    52             out.println("<font color='red'>该帐号已经存在,请重新输入!</font>");
    53         }else{
    54             out.println("<font color='green'>恭喜您,该帐号可以使用!</font>");
    55         }
    56         out.flush();//刷新流
    57         out.close();//关闭流
    58         
    59     }
    60     
    61     
    62 }

     效果如下所示:


       1.3:第二种方式,使用post方式发送服务器请求;还如上所示,先写一个jsp页面,如register2.jsp

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
     7 <title>注册的页面</title>
     8 <script type="text/javascript">
     9     //onblur失去焦点的值
    10     
    11     //定义一个变量用于存放XMLHttpRequest对象
    12     var xmlHttp;
    13     function checkIt(){
    14         //获取文本框的值    
    15         var account=document.getElementById("account").value;
    16         //alert("测试获取文本框的值:"+account);
    17         //先创建XMLHttpRequest对象
    18         // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
    19         if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
    20             xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    21         } else {// code for IE6, IE5
    22             xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    23         }
    24         //服务器地址和数据
    25         var url = "system/usercheck";
    26         //规定请求的类型、URL 以及是否异步处理请求。
    27         xmlHttp.open("POST",url,true);
    28         //向请求添加 HTTP 头。这个必加,是提交到后台的方式
    29         xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    30         //将请求发送到服务器
    31         xmlHttp.send("account="+account);
    32         //回调函数
    33         xmlHttp.onreadystatechange=function(){
    34             if (xmlHttp.readyState==4 && xmlHttp.status==200){
    35                 //给div设置内容
    36                 document.getElementById("errorAccount").innerHTML = xmlHttp.responseText;
    37             }
    38         }
    39         //给div设置内容
    40         //document.getElementById("errorAccount").innerHTML=account;
    41     }
    42 </script>
    43 </head>
    44 <body  bgcolor="#CCFF00">
    45 
    46 <center>
    47     <form action="" method="post">
    48         <table>
    49             <caption>注册的页面</caption>
    50             <tr>
    51                 <td>账号:</td>
    52                 <td>
    53                     <input type="text" name="account" id="account" onblur="checkIt()"/>
    54                     <div id="errorAccount" style="color:red;display:inline;"></div>    
    55                 </td>
    56             </tr>
    57             <tr>
    58                 <td>密码:</td>
    59                 <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td>
    60             </tr>
    61             <tr>
    62                 <td>姓名:</td>
    63                 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
    64             </tr>
    65             <tr>
    66                 <td>性别:</td>
    67                 <td><input type="text" name="sex"/></td>
    68             </tr>
    69             <tr>
    70                 <td></td>
    71                 <td>
    72                     <input type="submit" value="注册">
    73                     <input type="reset" value="重置">
    74                 </td>
    75             </tr>
    76         </table>    
    77     </form>
    78 </center>
    79 </body>
    80 </html>

       1.4:然后写后台,依旧如上所示;如UserCheckServlet.java

     1 package com.bie;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    11 
    12 /** 
    13 * @author BieHongLi 
    14 * @version 创建时间:2017年3月2日 下午9:06:46 
    15 * 
    16 */
    17 @WebServlet("/system/usercheck")
    18 public class UserCheckServlet extends HttpServlet{
    19 
    20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    21 
    22     @Override
    23     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    24             throws ServletException, IOException {
    25         this.doPost(request, response);
    26     }
    27 
    28     @Override
    29     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    30             throws ServletException, IOException {
    31         //设置字符编码集
    32         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    33         //模拟存在数据库里面的账号
    34         String[] arr={"张三","李四","王五","admin","小别"};
    35         //获取前台传来的数据
    36         String account=request.getParameter("account");
    37         
    38         //模拟和数据库里面的信息匹配
    39         boolean mark=false;
    40         for(String user:arr){
    41             if(user.equals(account)){
    42                 mark=true;
    43                 break;
    44             }
    45         }
    46         
    47         //响应前台
    48         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    49         response.setContentType("text/html");
    50         PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    51         if(mark){
    52             out.println("<font color='red'>该帐号已经存在,请重新输入!</font>");
    53         }else{
    54             out.println("<font color='green'>恭喜您,该帐号可以使用!</font>");
    55         }
    56         out.flush();//刷新流
    57         out.close();//关闭流
    58         
    59     }
    60     
    61     
    62 }

     演示效果如下所示:


     2:使用jQuery进行异步请求验证,在开发中最常使用,实际开发过程中必须会使用的技术;

      推荐一个jQuery在线api的网站(挺不错的在线查看api,也可以下载,我用着挺方便的):http://jquery.cuishifeng.cn/ 

      2.1:下面介绍如何使jQuery进行开发,需要注意的是要引入一个jQuery的js,如下:

        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>

       2.2:如上,依旧先创建一个register3.jsp页面,如下代码所示:

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
     7 <title>注册的页面</title>
     8 <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
     9 <script type="text/javascript">
    10     $(document).ready(function(){
    11         //给账号文本框绑定失去焦点的事件
    12         $("#account").blur(function(){
    13             //alert("测试"+$(this).val());
    14             $.ajax({
    15                 url:"system/usercheck",//设置服务器地址,即为servlet配置的url-pattern
    16                 type:"post",//提交的方式
    17                 data:{account:$(this).val()},//提交到服务器的数据,多个值以逗号分割开{account:$(this).val(),...}
    18                 success:function(data){//回调函数,data是返回的数据
    19                     $("#errorAccount").html(data);
    20                 }
    21             });
    22         });
    23     });
    24     
    25 </script>
    26 </head>
    27 <body  bgcolor="#CCFF00">
    28 
    29 <center>
    30     <form action="" method="post">
    31         <table>
    32             <caption>注册的页面</caption>
    33             <tr>
    34                 <td>账号:</td>
    35                 <td>
    36                     <input type="text" name="account" id="account" onblur="checkIt()"/>
    37                     <div id="errorAccount" style="color:red;display:inline;"></div>    
    38                 </td>
    39             </tr>
    40             <tr>
    41                 <td>密码:</td>
    42                 <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td>
    43             </tr>
    44             <tr>
    45                 <td>姓名:</td>
    46                 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
    47             </tr>
    48             <tr>
    49                 <td>性别:</td>
    50                 <td><input type="text" name="sex"/></td>
    51             </tr>
    52             <tr>
    53                 <td></td>
    54                 <td>
    55                     <input type="submit" value="注册">
    56                     <input type="reset" value="重置">
    57                 </td>
    58             </tr>
    59         </table>    
    60     </form>
    61 </center>
    62 </body>
    63 </html>

      2.3:后台servlet代码依旧如上面的模拟数据库,代码如下所示:

     1 package com.bie;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    11 
    12 /** 
    13 * @author BieHongLi 
    14 * @version 创建时间:2017年3月2日 下午9:06:46 
    15 * 
    16 */
    17 @WebServlet("/system/usercheck")
    18 public class UserCheckServlet extends HttpServlet{
    19 
    20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    21 
    22     @Override
    23     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    24             throws ServletException, IOException {
    25         this.doPost(request, response);
    26     }
    27 
    28     @Override
    29     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    30             throws ServletException, IOException {
    31         //设置字符编码集
    32         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    33         //模拟存在数据库里面的账号
    34         String[] arr={"张三","李四","王五","admin","小别"};
    35         //获取前台传来的数据
    36         String account=request.getParameter("account");
    37         
    38         //模拟和数据库里面的信息匹配
    39         boolean mark=false;
    40         for(String user:arr){
    41             if(user.equals(account)){
    42                 mark=true;
    43                 break;
    44             }
    45         }
    46         
    47         //响应前台
    48         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    49         response.setContentType("text/html");
    50         PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    51         if(mark){
    52             out.println("<font color='red'>该帐号已经存在,请重新输入!</font>");
    53         }else{
    54             out.println("<font color='green'>恭喜您,该帐号可以使用!</font>");
    55         }
    56         out.flush();//刷新流
    57         out.close();//关闭流
    58         
    59     }
    60     
    61     
    62 }

    演示效果如下所示:


    3:如果说还有更加适合进行异步验证的方法,那么就是下面这种,直接使用post进行异步验证,理解其原理,异步验证so easy!!!

      3.1:首先创建一个页面register4.jsp,代码如下所示;

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
     2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
     3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
     4 <html>
     5 <head>
     6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
     7 <title>注册的页面</title>
     8 <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
     9 <script type="text/javascript">
    10     $(document).ready(function(){
    11         //异步验证
    12         $("#account").blur(function(){
    13             $.post("system/usercheck2",{account:$(this).val()},
    14                 function(data){
    15                     if(data=="true"){
    16                         //如果已经存在,提示账号已经被注册
    17                         $("#errorAccount").html("账号已被注册,请重新输入!");
    18                     }else{
    19                         //这里可以注册的可以不进行提示,清空即可
    20                         $("#errorAccount").html("<font color='green'>账号可以注册哟!</font>");
    21                     }
    22             },"text");
    23         });
    24     });
    25     
    26 </script>
    27 </head>
    28 <body  bgcolor="#CCFF00">
    29 
    30 <center>
    31     <form action="" method="post">
    32         <table>
    33             <caption>注册的页面</caption>
    34             <tr>
    35                 <td>账号:</td>
    36                 <td>
    37                     <input type="text" name="account" id="account" onblur="checkIt()"/>
    38                     <div id="errorAccount" style="color:red;display:inline;"></div>    
    39                 </td>
    40             </tr>
    41             <tr>
    42                 <td>密码:</td>
    43                 <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td>
    44             </tr>
    45             <tr>
    46                 <td>姓名:</td>
    47                 <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
    48             </tr>
    49             <tr>
    50                 <td>性别:</td>
    51                 <td><input type="text" name="sex"/></td>
    52             </tr>
    53             <tr>
    54                 <td></td>
    55                 <td>
    56                     <input type="submit" value="注册">
    57                     <input type="reset" value="重置">
    58                 </td>
    59             </tr>
    60         </table>    
    61     </form>
    62 </center>
    63 </body>
    64 </html>

      3.2:这次的servlet后台处理虽然依旧是模拟数据库,但是操作却不一样了。需要注意一下;

     1 package com.bie.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    11 
    12 /** 
    13 * @author BieHongLi 
    14 * @version 创建时间:2017年3月2日 下午9:06:46 
    15 * 
    16 */
    17 @WebServlet("/system/usercheck2")
    18 public class UserCheckServlet2 extends HttpServlet{
    19 
    20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    21 
    22     @Override
    23     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    24             throws ServletException, IOException {
    25         this.doPost(request, response);
    26     }
    27 
    28     @Override
    29     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    30             throws ServletException, IOException {
    31         //设置字符编码集
    32         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    33         //模拟存在数据库里面的账号
    34         String[] arr={"张三","李四","王五","admin","小别"};
    35         //获取前台传来的数据
    36         String account=request.getParameter("account");
    37         
    38         //模拟和数据库里面的信息匹配
    39         boolean mark=false;
    40         for(String user:arr){
    41             if(user.equals(account)){
    42                 mark=true;
    43                 break;
    44             }
    45         }
    46         
    47         //响应前台
    48         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    49         response.setContentType("text/html");
    50         PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    51         if(mark){
    52             out.print("true");
    53         }else{
    54             out.print("false");
    55         }
    56         out.flush();//刷新流
    57         out.close();//关闭流
    58         
    59     }
    60     
    61     
    62 }

    演示效果如下所示:


    革命尚未成功,别同志尚需努力啊!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/biehongli/p/6492792.html
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