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  • elasticsearch5之Elastalert 安装使用 配置邮件报警和微信报警

     

    简介

    Elastalert是用python2写的一个报警框架(目前支持python2.6和2.7,不支持3.x),github地址为 https://github.com/Yelp/elastalert。他提供不同场景的规则配置,若觉得规则、告警不满足需求时,可以用python编写插件Adding a New Rule Type、Adding a New Alerter。

    环境

    系统:centos6.8
    python:2.7.12(请参看升级centos6 默认python版本到2.7.12
    elasticsearch:5.5
    kibana:5.5

    Elastalert内置的告警方式:
    • Email JIRA
    • OpsGenie
    • Commands
    • HipChat MS
    • Teams Slack
    • Telegram
    • AWS SNS
    • VictorOps
    • PagerDuty
    • Exotel
    • Twilio
    • Gitter
    安装
    pip安装elastalert

    安装pip包管理工具(参考

    $ pip install elastalert
    
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    或者 git clone (推荐)

    $ git clone https://github.com/Yelp/elastalert.git
    
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    安装模块

    $ pip install "setuptools>=11.3"
    $ python setup.py install
    
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    根据不同的Elasticsearch版本安装elasticsearch-py。
    Elasticsearch 5.x/2.x

    $ pip install "elasticsearch>=5.0.0" ##5.x
    $ pip install "elasticsearch<3.0.0" ##2.x
    
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    将源码放置在你指定的目录下:

    $ cd /usr/local/elastalert/
    $ cp config.yaml.example config.yaml
    $ mkdir es_rules
    
    [xxx@crmnginx elastalert]$ egrep  -v '^#|^$' config.yaml
    rules_folder: es_rules
    run_every:
      minutes: 5
    buffer_time:
      minutes: 5
    es_host: 10.xx.xx.xxx
    es_port: xxxx
    use_ssl: false
    verify_certs: false
    es_username: elastic 
    es_password: changeme
    writeback_index: elastalert_status
    alert_time_limit:
      days: 2
    
    $ ll
    [root@crmnginx elastalert]# ll
    total 124
    drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 build
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  9737 Nov 12 09:39 changelog.md
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2001 Nov 12 14:39 config.yaml
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2029 Nov 12 09:39 config.yaml.example
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 dist
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   261 Nov 12 09:39 docker-compose.yml
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   264 Nov 12 09:39 Dockerfile-test
    drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 docs
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 11:15 elastalert
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 elastalert.egg-info
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 14:14 elastalert_modules
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 14:51 es_rules
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 example_rules
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11359 Nov 12 09:39 LICENSE
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   480 Nov 12 09:39 Makefile
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15945 Nov 12 09:39 README.md
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root    87 Nov 12 09:39 requirements-dev.txt
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   372 Nov 12 09:39 requirements.txt
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   100 Nov 12 09:39 setup.cfg
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1650 Nov 12 09:39 setup.py
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   117 Nov 12 11:14 smtp_auth_file.yaml
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   780 Nov 12 09:39 supervisord.conf.example
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 12 09:39 tests
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   606 Nov 12 09:39 tox.ini
    
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    配置解析

    此处的配置文件是指config.yaml文件。

    • rules_folder:ElastAlert将加载规则配置文件的地方,它将尝试加载文件夹中的每个.yaml文件(这里是加载es_rules目录下)。
    • run_every:ElastAlert查询Elasticsearch的频率。
    • buffer_time:是查询窗口的大小,从每个查询运行的时间向后延伸。对于其中use_count_query或use_terms_query设置为true的规则,此值将被忽略。
    • es_host:是Elasticsearch集群的地址,ElastAlert将存储有关其状态、查询运行、警报和错误的数据。每个规则也可以设置不同的elasticsearch主机进行查询。
    • es_port:Elasticsearch对应的端口。
    • use_ssl: (可选的)是否使用TLS;连接到es_host;设置为True或False。
    • verify_certs: (可选的)是否验证TLS证书; 设置为True或False,默认是True。
    • client_cert: (可选的)PEM证书的路径。
    • client_key: (可选的) 作为客户端密钥使用的私钥文件的路径。
    • ca_certs: (可选的) 用于验证SSL连接的CA证书的路径。
    • es_username: (可选的) 用于连接Elasticsearch的basic-auth用户名。
    • es_password: (可选的) 用于连接Elasticsearch的密码。
    • es_url_prefix: (可选的) Elasticsearch端点的URL前缀。
    • es_send_get_body_as: (可选的) 查询Elasticsearch方法- GET,POST或- source,默认是GET。
    • writeback_index:是ElastAlert将存储数据的索引名称。
    • alert_time_limit: 是失败警报的重试窗口。
    创建Elasticsearch索引

    elastalert-create-index这个命令会在elasticsearch创建索引,便于ElastAlert将有关其查询及其警报的信息和元数据保存回Elasticsearch。这不是必须的步骤,但是强烈建议创建。因为对于审计,测试很有用,并且重启elastalert不影响计数和发送alert。默认情况下,创建的索引叫 elastalert_status。

    $ elastalert-create-index  --host 10.xxx.xx.xxx --port xxxx --username xxx --password xxx --no-ssl --no-verify-certs 
    
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    创建成功之后,我们可以在Elasticsearch中看到所创建的索引elastalert_status:

    $ curl  -u xxx  'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v' |grep elastalert_status
    green  open   elastalert_status                                               eWjVRAzjTX2vmhvAK931Ng   5   1        110            0    513.8kb          266kb
    
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    elastalert_status

    ElastAlert 根据elastalert_status去确定首次启动的时候在什么时间范围内去查询,以避免重复查询。对于每个规则,它将从最近的结束时间开始查询。包括:

    • @timestamp:文件上传到Elasticsearch的时间。这是在运行查询并且已经处理结果之后。
    • rule_name:相应规则的名称。
    • starttime:查询的开始时间戳。
    • endtime:查询结束时间戳。
    • hits:查询结果的数量。
    • matches:处理命中后规则返回的匹配数。请注意,这并不一定意味着警报被触发。
    • time_taken:此查询运行所需的秒数。
    配置SMTP邮件报警

    在/usr/local/elastalert/目录下创建文件smtp_auth_file.yaml,内容如下:

    [root@crmnginx elastalert]$ cat smtp_auth_file.yaml 
    #邮箱用户名
    user: no-xx@chtxx.com 
    ##不是邮箱密码,是设置的SMTP密码
    password: YdYfxxx
    
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    配置规则

    在es_rules目录下修改配置文件,如下:

    $ cd /opt/elastalert/es_rules
    [xxx@crmnginx elastalert]$ egrep  -v '^#|^$' es_rules/frequency.yaml 
     es_host: 10.xxx.xx.xxx 
     es_port: 9200
     use_ssl: false
     verify_certs: false
     es_username: xxx
     es_password: xxx
     name: es_rule
     writeback_index: elastalert_status
     type: frequency
     index: logstash-nginx-* 
     num_events: 5
     timeframe:
       minutes: 5
     filter:
     - query:
         query_string:
           query: "status:>=400"
         query_string:
           query: "status: >=500"
    #SMTP configration
     smtp_host: smtp.263.net
     smtp_port: 25
    
    #SMTP auth
     smtp_auth_file: /usr/local/elastalert/smtp_auth_file.yaml  
     email_reply_to: no-xxx@chxxx.com
     from_addr: no-xxx@chxxx.com
    
    # (Required)
    # The alert is use when a match is found
     alert:
     - "email"
    
    # (required, email specific)
    # a list of email addresses to send alerts to
     email:
     - "xxx@chxxx.com"
    
    
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    上述规则表示:在elastalert执行的五分钟内,出现五条有status:>=400 或者 status: >=500的日志,则触发告警,并且告警通知将以email的形式从no-xxx@chxxx.com邮箱发送给xxx@chxxx.com

    规则配置解析:
    • es_host、es_port:应该指向我们要查询的Elasticsearch集群。

    • name:是这个规则的唯一名称。如果两个规则共享相同的名称,ElastAlert将不会启动。

    • type:每个规则都有不同的类型,可能会采用不同的参数。该frequency类型表示“在timeframe时间内匹配成功次数超过num_events发出警报”。有关其他类型的信息,请参阅规则类型。

    • index:要查询的索引的名称。配置,从某类索引里读取数据,目前已经支持Ymd格式,需要先设置use_strftime_index:true,然后匹配索引,配置形如:index: logstash-es-test%Y.%m.%d,表示匹配logstash-es-test名称开头,以年月日作为索引后缀的index。

    • num_events:此参数特定于frequency类型,是触发警报时的阈值。

    • timeframe:timeframe是num_events必须发生的时间段。

    • filter:是用于过滤结果的Elasticsearch过滤器列表。有关
      详细信息,请参阅编写过滤规则。

    • email:是要发送警报的地址列表。

    • alert:配置,设置触发报警时执行哪些报警手段。不同的type还有自己独特的配置选项。目前ElastAlert 有以下几种自带ruletype:

      • any:只要有匹配就报警;
      • blacklist:compare_key字段的内容匹配上 blacklist数组里任意内容;
      • whitelist:compare_key字段的内容一个都没能匹配上whitelist数组里内容;
      • change:在相同query_key条件下,compare_key字段的内容,在 timeframe范围内 发送变化;
      • frequency:在相同 query_key条件下,timeframe 范围内有num_events个被过滤出 来的异常;
      • spike:在相同query_key条件下,前后两个timeframe范围内数据量相差比例超过spike_height。其中可以通过spike_type设置具体涨跌方向是- up,down,both 。还可以通过threshold_ref设置要求上一个周期数据量的下限,threshold_cur设置要求当前周期数据量的下限,如果数据量不到下限,也不触发;
      • flatline:timeframe 范围内,数据量小于threshold 阈值;
      • new_term:fields字段新出现之前terms_window_size(默认30天)范围内最多的terms_size (默认50)个结果以外的数据;
      • cardinality:在相同 query_key条件下,timeframe范围内cardinality_field的值超过 max_cardinality 或者低于min_cardinality
    demo测试

    命令如下:

    $ python -m elastalert.elastalert --config ./config.yaml #运行命令,加载所有rules
    $ python -m elastalert.elastalert --config ./config.yaml --rule ./es_rules/frequency.yaml ## 或者单独执行 rules_folder 里的某个 rule
    
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    给Elasticsearch添加测试数据:
    $ curl -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:9200/logstash-nginx-xx/test"  -d '{
    "@timestamp": "2018-11-12T10:54:41.000Z",
    "status": "500"
    }'
    
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    产看邮件报警

    在这里插入图片描述

    配置微信报警

    微信报警项目地址:https://github.com/anjia0532/elastalert-wechat-plugin
    配置地址:https://anjia0532.github.io/2017/02/16/elastalert-wechat-plugin/
    配置文件

    $ cd ~/
    $ git clone https://github.com/Yelp/elastalert.git
    $ cd elastalert
    $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anjia0532/elastalert-wechat-plugin/master/elastalert_modules/wechat_qiye_alert.py
    $ touch ~/elastalert/elastalert_modules/__init__.py
    $ cp  config.yaml.example config.yaml
    $ vi es_rules/wechat_frequency.yaml
    
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    [root@crmnginx elastalert]# egrep  -v '^#|^$' es_rules/wechat_frequency.yaml 
     es_host: 10.xxx.xx.xxx
     es_port: xxxx
     use_ssl: false
     verify_certs: false
     es_username: xx
     es_password: xxxx
     name: es_rule
     writeback_index: elastalert_status
     type: frequency
     index: logstash-nginx-* 
     num_events: 1
     timeframe:
       minutes: 1
     filter:
     - query:
         query_string:
           query: "status:>=400"
         query_string:
           query: "status: >=500"
     alert:
     - "elastalert_modules.wechat_qiye_alert.WeChatAlerter"
    #后台登陆后【设置】->【权限管理】->【普通管理组】->【创建并设置通讯录和应用权限】->【CorpID,Secret】
    #设置微信企业号的appid
     corp_id: 'xx'
    #设置微信企业号的Secret
     secret: 'xxx'
    #后台登陆后【应用中心】->【选择应用】->【应用id】
    #设置微信企业号应用id
     agent_id: 'x'
    #部门id
     party_id: 'x'
    #用户微信号
     user_id: xx
    # 标签id
     tag_id: xx
    
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    微信接收报警截图

    在这里插入图片描述

    配置微信报警模版

    在rule文件加上一下内容:

     alert:
    - "elastalert_modules.wechat_qiye_alert.WeChatAlerter"
    alert_text_type: alert_text_only
    alert_text: |
      ========start=========
      告警程序: elasticsearch_alert
      告警主题: 接口 {} 响应时间大于2秒!
      触发时间: {}
      request: {}
      responsetime: {}
      domain: 此域名 {} 下接口告警
      status: {}
      upstreamaddr: {}
      num_hits: {}
      num_method: {}
      clientip: {}
      参考来源: {}
      ========end==========
    alert_text_args:
     - request
     - "@timestamp"
     - request
     - responsetime
     - domain
     - status
     - upstreamaddr
     - num_hits
     - num_method
     - client
     - path
    
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    在这里插入图片描述

    安装python爬虫scrapy踩过的那些坑和编程外的思考

     

      这些天应朋友的要求抓取某个论坛帖子的信息,网上搜索了一下开源的爬虫资料,看了许多对于开源爬虫的比较发现开源爬虫scrapy比较好用。但是以前一直用的java和php,对python不熟悉,于是花一天时间粗略了解了一遍python的基础知识。然后就开干了,没想到的配置一个运行环境就花了我一天时间。下面记录下安装和配置scrapy踩过的那些坑吧。

      运行环境:CentOS 6.0 虚拟机

      开始上来先得安装python运行环境。然而我运行了一下python命令,发现已经自带了,窃(大)喜(坑)。于是google搜索了一下安装步骤,pip install Scrapy直接安装,发现不对。少了pip,于是安装pip。再次pip install Scrapy,发现少了python-devel,于是这么来回折腾了一上午。后来下载了scrapy的源码安装,突然曝出一个需要python2.7版本,再通过python --version查看,一个2.6映入眼前;顿时千万个草泥马在心中奔腾。

      于是查看了官方文档(http://doc.scrapy.org/en/master/intro/install.html),果然是要python2.7。没办法,只能升级python的版本了。

    1、升级python

    • 下载python2.7并安装
    复制代码
    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz
    tar -zxvf Python-2.7.10.tgz
    cd Python-2.7.10
    ./configure  
    make all             
    make installmake clean  
    make distclean  
    复制代码
    • 检查python版本
    python --version

      发现还是2.6

    • 更改python命令指向
    mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6_bak
    ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
    • 再次检查版本
    # python --version
    Python 2.7.10

      到这里,python算是升级完成了,继续安装scrapy。于是pip install scrapy,还是报错。

    -bash: pip: command not found
    • 安装pip
    wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
    python get-pip.py

      于是pip install scrapy,还是报错

    Collecting Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy)
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy) (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy)

      少了Twisted,于是安装Twisted

    2、安装Twisted

    • 下载Twisted(https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/T/Twisted/Twisted-15.2.1.tar.bz2#md5=4be066a899c714e18af1ecfcb01cfef7)
    • 安装
    wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/T/Twisted/Twisted-15.2.1.tar.bz2
    tar -xjvf Twisted-15.2.1.tar.bz2
    cd Twisted-15.2.1
    python setup.py install
    • 查看是否安装成功
    python
    Python 2.7.10 (default, Jun  5 2015, 17:56:24) 
    [GCC 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13)] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import twisted
    >>> 

      此时索命twisted已经安装成功。于是继续pip install scrapy,还是报错。

    3、安装libxlst、libxml2和xslt-config

    Collecting libxlst
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement libxlst (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for libxlst
    Collecting libxml2
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement libxml2 (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for libxml2
    wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz cd libxslt-1.1.28/ ./configure make make install
    wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-git-snapshot.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf libxml2-git-snapshot.tar.gz cd libxml2-2.9.2/ ./configure make make install

       安装好以后继续pip install scrapy,幸运之星仍未降临

    4、安装cryptography

    Failed building wheel for cryptography

      下载cryptography(https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/c/cryptography/cryptography-0.4.tar.gz)

      安装

    wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/c/cryptography/cryptography-0.4.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf cryptography-0.4.tar.gz
    cd cryptography-0.4
    python setup.py build
    python setup.py install

      发现安装的时候报错:

    No package 'libffi' found

      于是下载libffi下载并安装

    wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz
    cd libffi-3.2.1
    ./configure make make install

      安装后发现仍然报错

    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
        Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
        to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
        No package 'libffi' found

      于是设置:PKG_CONFIG_PATH

    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

      再次安装scrapy

    pip install scrapy

      幸运女神都去哪儿了?  

    ImportError: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

      于是

    whereis libffi
    libffi: /usr/local/lib/libffi.a /usr/local/lib/libffi.la /usr/local/lib/libffi.so

      已经正常安装,网上搜索了一通,发现是LD_LIBRARY_PATH没设置,于是

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

      于是继续安装cryptography-0.4

    python setup.py build
    python setup.py install

      此时正确安装,没有报错信息了。

      5、继续安装scrapy

    pip install scrapy

      看着提示信息:

    Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography
      Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cryptography

      在这里停了好久,在想幸运女神是不是到了。等了一会

    复制代码
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zope.interface-4.1.2-py2.7-linux-i686.egg (from Twisted>=10.0.0->scrapy)
    Collecting cryptography>=0.7 (from pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
      Using cached cryptography-0.9.tar.gz
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=10.0.0->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): idna in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyasn1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): enum34 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): ipaddress in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): cffi>=0.8 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): ordereddict in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from enum34->cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pycparser in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cffi>=0.8->cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy)
    Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography
      Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cryptography
      Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/d7/64/02/7258f08eae0b9c930c04209959c9a0794b9729c2b64258117e
    Successfully built cryptography
    Installing collected packages: cryptography
      Found existing installation: cryptography 0.4
        Uninstalling cryptography-0.4:
          Successfully uninstalled cryptography-0.4
    Successfully installed cryptography-0.9
    复制代码

      显示如此的信息。看到此刻,内流马面。谢谢CCAV,感谢MTV,钓鱼岛是中国的。终于安装成功了。

    6、测试scrapy

    创建测试脚本

    复制代码
    cat > myspider.py <<EOF
    
    from scrapy import Spider, Item, Field
    
    class Post(Item):
        title = Field()
    
    class BlogSpider(Spider):
        name, start_urls = 'blogspider', ['http://www.cnblogs.com/rwxwsblog/']
    
        def parse(self, response):
            return [Post(title=e.extract()) for e in response.css("h2 a::text")]
    
    EOF
    复制代码

      测试脚本能否正常运行

    scrapy runspider myspider.py
    复制代码
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.0rc2 started (bot: scrapybot)
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {}
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [py.warnings] WARNING: :0: UserWarning: You do not have a working installation of the service_identity module: 'No module named service_identity'.  Please install it from <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/service_identity> and make sure all of its dependencies are satisfied.  Without the service_identity module and a recent enough pyOpenSSL to support it, Twisted can perform only rudimentary TLS client hostname verification.  Many valid certificate/hostname mappings may be rejected.
    
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: CloseSpider, TelnetConsole, LogStats, CoreStats, SpiderState
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, CookiesMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: 
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
    2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
    2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.cnblogs.com/rwxwsblog/> (referer: None)
    2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
    2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
    {'downloader/request_bytes': 226,
     'downloader/request_count': 1,
     'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 1,
     'downloader/response_bytes': 5383,
     'downloader/response_count': 1,
     'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
     'finish_reason': 'finished',
     'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 6, 12, 25, 17, 310084),
     'log_count/DEBUG': 2,
     'log_count/INFO': 7,
     'log_count/WARNING': 1,
     'response_received_count': 1,
     'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
     'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
     'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
     'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
     'start_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 6, 12, 25, 16, 863599)}
    2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
    复制代码

      运行正常(此时心中窃喜,^_^....)。

      7、创建自己的scrapy项目(此时换了一个会话)

    scrapy startproject tutorial

      输出以下信息

    复制代码
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 9, in <module>
        load_entry_point('Scrapy==1.0.0rc2', 'console_scripts', 'scrapy')()
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 552, in load_entry_point
        return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2672, in load_entry_point
        return ep.load()
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2345, in load
        return self.resolve()
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2351, in resolve
        module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/__init__.py", line 48, in <module>
        from scrapy.spiders import Spider
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/spiders/__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
        from scrapy.http import Request
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/http/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
        from scrapy.http.request.form import FormRequest
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/http/request/form.py", line 9, in <module>
        import lxml.html
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/html/__init__.py", line 42, in <module>
        from lxml import etree
    ImportError: /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2: version `LIBXML2_2.9.0' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/etree.so)
    复制代码

      心中无数个草泥马再次狂奔。怎么又不行了?难道会变戏法?定定神看了下:ImportError: /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2: version `LIBXML2_2.9.0' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/etree.so)。这是那样的熟悉呀!想了想,这怎么和前面的ImportError: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory那么类似呢?于是

      8、添加环境变量

    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

      再次运行:

    scrapy startproject tutorial

      输出以下信息:

    复制代码
    [root@bogon scrapy]# scrapy startproject tutorial
    2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.0rc2 started (bot: scrapybot)
    2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11
    2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {}
    New Scrapy project 'tutorial' created in:
        /root/scrapy/tutorial
    
    You can start your first spider with:
        cd tutorial
        scrapy genspider example example.com
    复制代码

      尼玛的终于成功了。由此可见,scrapy运行的时候需要LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量的支持。可以考虑将其加入环境变量中

    vi /etc/profile

      添加:export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib 这行(前面的PKG_CONFIG_PATH也可以考虑添加进来,export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH)

      注:安装的时候可以留意Libraries安装的路径,以libffi为例:

    复制代码
    libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libffi.so.6.0.4 /usr/local/lib/../lib64/libffi.so.6.0.4
    libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib/../lib64 && { ln -s -f libffi.so.6.0.4 libffi.so.6 || { rm -f libffi.so.6 && ln -s libffi.so.6.0.4 libffi.so.6; }; })
    libtool: install: (cd /usr/local/lib/../lib64 && { ln -s -f libffi.so.6.0.4 libffi.so || { rm -f libffi.so && ln -s libffi.so.6.0.4 libffi.so; }; })
    libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libffi.lai /usr/local/lib/../lib64/libffi.la
    libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c .libs/libffi.a /usr/local/lib/../lib64/libffi.a
    libtool: install: chmod 644 /usr/local/lib/../lib64/libffi.a
    libtool: install: ranlib /usr/local/lib/../lib64/libffi.a
    libtool: finish: PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/www/wdlinux/mysql/bin:/root/bin:/sbin" ldconfig -n /usr/local/lib/../lib64
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    Libraries have been installed in:
       /usr/local/lib/../lib64
    
    If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
    in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
    specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
    flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
       - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
         during execution
       - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
         during linking
       - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
       - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
    
    See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
    more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
     /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/info'
     /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 ../doc/libffi.info '/usr/local/share/info'
     install-info --info-dir='/usr/local/share/info' '/usr/local/share/info/libffi.info'
     /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
     /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 libffi.pc '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig'
    make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/python/libffi-3.2.1/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/python/libffi-3.2.1/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/python/libffi-3.2.1/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
    复制代码

      这里可以知道libffi安装的路径为/usr/local/lib/../lib64,因此在引入LD_LIBRARY_PATH时应该为:export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH,此处需要特别留意。

      保存后检查是否存在异常:

    source /etc/profile

      开一个新的会话运行

    scrapy runspider myspider.py

      发现正常运行,可见LD_LIBRARY_PATH是生效的。至此scrapy就算正式安装成功了。

      查看scrapy版本:运行scrapy version,看了下scrapy的版本为“Scrapy 1.0.0rc2”

    9、编程外的思考(感谢阅读到此的你,我自己都有点晕了。)

      • 有没有更好的安装方式呢?我的这种安装方式是否有问题?有的话请告诉我。(很多依赖包我采用pip和easy_install都无法安装,感觉是pip配置文件配置源的问题)
      • 一定要看官方的文档,Google和百度出来的结果往往是碎片化的,不全面。这样可以少走很多弯路,减少不必要的工作量。
      • 遇到的问题要先思考,想想是什么问题再Google和百度。
      • 解决问题要形成文档,方便自己也方便别人。

      10、参考文档

        http://scrapy.org/

        http://doc.scrapy.org/en/master/

        http://blog.csdn.net/slvher/article/details/42346887

        http://blog.csdn.net/niying/article/details/27103081

        http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoruoen/archive/2013/02/27/2933854.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bigben0123/p/10196497.html
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