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  • mysql基础之mariadb集群主从架构

    一、概念

      主从多用于网站架构,因为主从的同步机制是异步的,数据的同步有一定延迟,也就是说有可能会造成数据的丢失,但是性能比较好,因此网站大多数用的是主从架构的数据库,读写分离必须基于主从架构来搭建

    二、配置主节点

    1、配置准备

    (1)yum源配置

    [mariadb]
    name = MariaDB
    baseurl = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.2/centos7-amd64/
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
    gpgcheck=1

    (2)服务器1:192.168.11.7(主)

        服务器2:192.168.11.8(从)

    2、修改配置文件

    [root@bi7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 
    [mysqld] server-id=1    <<主从节点必须保证不能一样 log-bin=mysql-bin

    3、重启mysql服务

    [root@bi7 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

    4、主节点上授权具有复制权限的用户(创建主从连接账号与授权)

    复制代码
    MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'slave01'@'%' identified by '123';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave01'@'%';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    复制代码

    5、查看当前二进制日志文件

    复制代码
    MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    | mysql-bin.000001 |      781 |              |                  |
    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    复制代码

    三、配置从节点

    1、修改配置文件

    [root@bi8 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
    ###########################
    [mysqld]
    server-id=2
    ##########################

    2、重启mysql服务

    [root@bi8 ~]# service mariadb restart
    Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mariadb.service

    3、登录数据库

    复制代码
    [root@bi8 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
    [root@bi8 ~]# mysql -u root -p123
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 24
    Server version: 10.2.26-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the curbit input statement.
    复制代码

    4、建立主从连接

    复制代码
    格式:CHANGE MASTER TO 选项
    选项:
    MASTER_HOST = 'host_name'         指定主服务的ip或者主机名
    MASTER_USER = 'user_name'         指定主服务器的用户名
    MASTER_PASSWORD = 'password'      指定用户名的密码
    MASTER_PORT = port_num            指定连接的端口,默认是3306
    MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY = interval   指定连接失败的时候的重试间隔时间
    复制代码
    MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.11.7', master_user='slave01', master_password='123', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=781;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

    5、启动从节点

    MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    6、查看从节点连接状态

    主要看IO以及SQL线程是否启动

    复制代码
    MariaDB [(none)]> show slave statusG;
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                   Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
                      Master_Host: 192.168.11.7
                      Master_User: slave01
                      Master_Port: 3306
                    Connect_Retry: 60
                  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
              Read_Master_Log_Pos: 781
                   Relay_Log_File: bi8-relay-bin.000001
                    Relay_Log_Pos: 4
            Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
                 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting     <<IO线程正在连接
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes            <<SQL线程启动成功
                  Replicate_Do_DB: 
              Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
               Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
          Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                       Last_Errno: 0
                       Last_Error: 
                     Skip_Counter: 0
              Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 781
                  Relay_Log_Space: 256
                  Until_Condition: None
                   Until_Log_File: 
                    Until_Log_Pos: 0
               Master_SSL_Allowed: No
               Master_SSL_CA_File: 
               Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
                  Master_SSL_Cert: 
                Master_SSL_Cipher: 
                   Master_SSL_Key: 
            Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
    Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                    Last_IO_Errno: 2003
                    Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'slave01@192.168.11.7:3306' - retry-time: 60  maximum-retries: 86400  message: Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.11.7' (113 "No route to host")
                   Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                   Last_SQL_Error: 
      Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
                 Master_Server_Id: 0
                   Master_SSL_Crl: 
               Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
                       Using_Gtid: No
                      Gtid_IO_Pos: 
          Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids: 
      Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids: 
                    Parallel_Mode: conservative
                        SQL_Delay: 0
              SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
          Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    ERROR: No query specified
    复制代码

    问题解决:

    slave_IO_Running:Connecting一直处于连接状态

    复制代码
    错误原因:
    1、网络不通
    2、账户密码错误
    3、防火墙
    4、mysql配置文件问题
    5、连接服务器时语法错误
    6、主服务器mysql权限
    复制代码

    此处是防火墙的原因,在主从服务器上添加防火墙端口即可;

    复制代码
    [root@bi7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp
    success
    [root@bi7 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    success
    [root@bi8 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp
    success
    [root@bi8 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    success
    复制代码
    复制代码

     MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;
     Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

     MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
     Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    MariaDB [(none)]> show slave statusG;
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
    复制代码

    7、测试

    复制代码
    --在主节点创建一个新表
    MariaDB [(none)]> create database zhong;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    --在从节点查看是否创建成功
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | zhong              |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    --如果出现不同步可以执行以下步骤
    stop slave 
    set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
    start slave 
    复制代码
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/biht/p/11720539.html
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