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  • C#使用ActiveMQ实例

    1. ActiveMQ消息总线简介

    消息队列(Message Queue,简称MQ),从字面意思上看,本质是个队列,FIFO先入先出,只不过队列中存放的内容是message而已。主要用作不同进程、应用间的通信方式。

    常见的消息队列有rabbitMQ、activeMQ、zeroMQ、Kafka、Redis 比较 。

    其中ActiveMQ是Apache出品的一款开源消息总线,支持多种语言和协议编写客户端。语言: Java,C,C++,C#,Ruby,Perl,Python,PHP。应用协议: OpenWire,Stomp REST,WS Notification,XMPP,AMQP

    ActiveMQ主要有两种消息分发方式:Queue和Topic。

      Queue类似编程语言中的Queue,每条消息只会被一个消费者接收;

      Topic类似广播,发送的消息会被多个消费者接受,前提是订阅了该主题的消息。

    2. ActiveMQ安装 

    2.1. 下载ActiveMQ 

    官方网站下载地址:http://activemq.apache.org/ 

    2.2. 运行ActiveMQ 

    解压缩apache-activemq-5.10.0-bin.zip,然后双击apache-activemq-5.10.0inwin32activemq.bat运行ActiveMQ程序。 

    看见控制台最后一行输出: “access to all MBeans is allowed” 证明启动成功。 

    启动ActiveMQ以后,可以使用浏览器登陆:http://localhost:8161/admin/验证, 默认用户名是:admin  密码是:admin 

    (前提是安装好Java环境) 

    同时下载.net版Dll:Apache.NMS-1.7.0-bin.zip和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ-1.7.0-bin.zip 

    都从这里下载:http://archive.apache.org/dist/activemq/apache-nms/1.7.0/ 

    3. ActiveMQ Queue

    在ActiveMQ中Queue是一种点对点的消息分发方式,生产者在队列中添加一条消息,然后消费者消费一条消息,这条消息保证送达并且只会被一个消费者接收

    这里使用Winform编写程序,其中需要添加两个dll,都在Apache.NMS-1.7.0-bin.zip和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ-1.7.0-bin.zip中。 

    // 生产者
    // 需要添加一个label, button, textbox 
    public Form1()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
                InitProducer();
            }
            private IConnectionFactory factory;
    
            public void InitProducer()
            {
                try
                {
                    //初始化工厂,这里默认的URL是不需要修改的
                    factory = new  ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
    
                }
                catch
                {
                    lbMessage.Text = "初始化失败!!";
                }
            }
    
            private void btnConfirm_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                //通过工厂建立连接
                using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
                {
                    //通过连接创建Session会话
                    using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
                    {
                        //通过会话创建生产者,方法里面new出来的是MQ中的Queue
                        IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("firstQueue"));
                        //创建一个发送的消息对象
                        ITextMessage message = prod.CreateTextMessage();
                        //给这个对象赋实际的消息
                        message.Text = txtMessage.Text;
                        //设置消息对象的属性,这个很重要哦,是Queue的过滤条件,也是P2P消息的唯一指定属性
                        message.Properties.SetString("filter","demo");
                        //生产者把消息发送出去,几个枚举参数MsgDeliveryMode是否长链,MsgPriority消息优先级别,发送最小单位,当然还有其他重载
                        prod.Send(message, MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);
                        lbMessage.Text = "发送成功!!";
                        txtMessage.Text = "";
                        txtMessage.Focus();
                    }
                }
            }
        // 消费者
         public Form1()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
                InitConsumer();
    
            }
             public void InitConsumer()
             {
                 //创建连接工厂
                 IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");
                 //通过工厂构建连接
                 IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection();
                 //这个是连接的客户端名称标识
                 connection.ClientId = "firstQueueListener";
                 //启动连接,监听的话要主动启动连接
                 connection.Start();
                 //通过连接创建一个会话
                 ISession session = connection.CreateSession();
                 //通过会话创建一个消费者,这里就是Queue这种会话类型的监听参数设置
                 IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("firstQueue"), "filter='demo'");
                 //注册监听事件
                 consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);
                 //connection.Stop();
                 //connection.Close();  
     
             }
     
             void consumer_Listener(IMessage message)
             {
                 ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message;
                 //异步调用下,否则无法回归主线程
                 tbReceiveMessage.Invoke(new DelegateRevMessage(RevMessage),msg);
     
             }
     
             public delegate void DelegateRevMessage(ITextMessage message);
     
             public void RevMessage(ITextMessage message)
             {
                 tbReceiveMessage.Text += string.Format(@"接收到:{0}{1}", message.Text, Environment.NewLine);
             }

    我们可以到管理平台 http://localhost:8161 中查看对应的Queue,生产者产生消息,消费者接收后会删掉消息。

    新建项目,更改 connection.ClientId 后可以启动多个消费者,可以发现每个消费者都有机会接收消息,测试的时候是每个消费者轮流接收一条消息,有兴趣的可以自己看一下接收规律。 

    4. ActiveMQ Topic

    Topic和Queue类似,不过生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者接收,保证每个订阅的消费者都会接收到消息。

    在管理平台可以看到每条Topic消息有两个记录值,一个是订阅的消费者数量,一个是已经接收的消费者数量。

    //生产者
    try
    {
        //Create the Connection Factory  
        IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");
        using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        {
            //Create the Session  
            using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
            {
                //Create the Producer for the topic/queue  
                IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(
                    new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"));
    
                //Send Messages  
                int i = 0;
    
                while (!Console.KeyAvailable)
                {
                    ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();
                    msg.Text = i.ToString();
                    Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());
                    prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);
    
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
    
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
    catch (System.Exception e)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}", e.Message);
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
    //消费者
    static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                try  
                {  
                    //Create the Connection factory  
                    IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");  
                      
                    //Create the connection  
                    using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())  
                    {  
                        connection.ClientId = "testing listener1";  
                        connection.Start();  
      
                        //Create the Session  
                        using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())  
                        {  
                            //Create the Consumer  
                            IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateDurableConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"), "testing listener1", null, false);  
                              
                            consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);  
      
                            Console.ReadLine();  
                        }  
                        connection.Stop();  
                        connection.Close();  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (System.Exception e)  
                {  
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);  
                }  
            }  
      
            static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message;  
                    Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + msg.Text);  
               }  
                catch (System.Exception e)  
                {  
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);  
                }  
            }

    新建项目,更改connection.ClientId后可以启动多个消费者,可以发现每个消费者都会接收到消息,订阅一次后即使下线了,上线之后也会收到消息。

    5. ActiveMQ持久化消息

    ActiveMQ的另一个问题就是只要是软件就有可能挂掉,挂掉不可怕,怕的是挂掉之后把信息给丢了,所以本节分析一下几种持久化方式:

    5.1 持久化为文件

    ActiveMQ默认就支持这种方式,只要在发消息时设置消息为持久化就可以了。

    打开安装目录下的配置文件:

    D:ActiveMQapache-activemqconfactivemq.xml在越80行会发现默认的配置项:

    <persistenceAdapter>
    
         <kahaDB directory="${activemq.data}/kahadb"/>
    
    </persistenceAdapter>

    注意这里使用的是kahaDB,是一个基于文件支持事务的消息存储器,是一个可靠,高性能,可扩展的消息存储器。

         他的设计初衷就是使用简单并尽可能的快。KahaDB的索引使用一个transaction log,并且所有的destination只使用一个index,有人测试表明:如果用于生产环境,支持1万个active connection,每个connection有一个独立的queue。该表现已经足矣应付大部分的需求。

    然后再发送消息的时候改变第二个参数为:

    MsgDeliveryMode.Persistent

    Message保存方式有2种
    PERSISTENT:保存到磁盘,consumer消费之后,message被删除。
    NON_PERSISTENT:保存到内存,消费之后message被清除。
    注意:堆积的消息太多可能导致内存溢出。

    然后打开生产者端发送一个消息:

     

    不启动消费者端,同时在管理界面查看:

     

    发现有一个消息正在等待,这时如果没有持久化,ActiveMQ宕机后重启这个消息就是丢失,而我们现在修改为文件持久化,重启ActiveMQ后消费者仍然能够收到这个消息。

     

    二、持久化为数据库

    我们从支持Mysql为例,先从http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/下载mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar包放到:

    D:ActiveMQapache-activemqlib目录下。

    打开并修改配置文件:

    <beans
      xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core/activemq-core.xsd">
     
        <!-- Allows us to use system properties as variables in this configuration file -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
            <property name="locations">
                <value>file:${activemq.conf}/credentials.properties</value>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
       <!-- Allows accessing the server log -->
        <bean id="logQuery" class="org.fusesource.insight.log.log4j.Log4jLogQuery"
              lazy-init="false" scope="singleton"
              init-method="start" destroy-method="stop">
        </bean>
     
        <!--
            The <broker> element is used to configure the ActiveMQ broker.
        -->
        <broker xmlns="http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core" brokerName="localhost" dataDirectory="${activemq.data}">
     
            <destinationPolicy>
                <policyMap>
                  <policyEntries>
                    <policyEntry topic=">" >
                        <!-- The constantPendingMessageLimitStrategy is used to prevent
                             slow topic consumers to block producers and affect other consumers
                             by limiting the number of messages that are retained
                             For more information, see:
     
                             http://activemq.apache.org/slow-consumer-handling.html
     
                        -->
                      <pendingMessageLimitStrategy>
                        <constantPendingMessageLimitStrategy limit="1000"/>
                      </pendingMessageLimitStrategy>
                    </policyEntry>
                  </policyEntries>
                </policyMap>
            </destinationPolicy>
     
     
            <!--
                The managementContext is used to configure how ActiveMQ is exposed in
                JMX. By default, ActiveMQ uses the MBean server that is started by
                the JVM. For more information, see:
     
                http://activemq.apache.org/jmx.html
            -->
            <managementContext>
                <managementContext createConnector="false"/>
            </managementContext>
     
            <!--
                Configure message persistence for the broker. The default persistence
                mechanism is the KahaDB store (identified by the kahaDB tag).
                For more information, see:
     
                http://activemq.apache.org/persistence.html
                <kahaDB directory="${activemq.data}/kahadb"/>
            -->
            <persistenceAdapter>
                <jdbcPersistenceAdapter dataDirectory="${activemq.base}/data" dataSource="#derby-ds"/>
            </persistenceAdapter>
     
     
              <!--
                The systemUsage controls the maximum amount of space the broker will
                use before disabling caching and/or slowing down producers. For more information, see:
                http://activemq.apache.org/producer-flow-control.html
              -->
              <systemUsage>
                <systemUsage>
                    <memoryUsage>
                        <memoryUsage percentOfJvmHeap="70" />
                    </memoryUsage>
                    <storeUsage>
                        <storeUsage limit="100 gb"/>
                    </storeUsage>
                    <tempUsage>
                        <tempUsage limit="50 gb"/>
                    </tempUsage>
                </systemUsage>
            </systemUsage>
     
            <!--
                The transport connectors expose ActiveMQ over a given protocol to
                clients and other brokers. For more information, see:
     
                http://activemq.apache.org/configuring-transports.html
            -->
            <transportConnectors>
                <!-- DOS protection, limit concurrent connections to 1000 and frame size to 100MB -->
                <transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61616?maximumConnections=1000&amp;wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
                <transportConnector name="amqp" uri="amqp://0.0.0.0:5672?maximumConnections=1000&amp;wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
                <transportConnector name="stomp" uri="stomp://0.0.0.0:61613?maximumConnections=1000&amp;wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
                <transportConnector name="mqtt" uri="mqtt://0.0.0.0:1883?maximumConnections=1000&amp;wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
                <transportConnector name="ws" uri="ws://0.0.0.0:61614?maximumConnections=1000&amp;wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
            </transportConnectors>
     
            <!-- destroy the spring context on shutdown to stop jetty -->
            <shutdownHooks>
                <bean xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" class="org.apache.activemq.hooks.SpringContextHook" />
            </shutdownHooks>
     
        </broker>
      <bean id="derby-ds" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/activemq?relaxAutoCommit=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value=""/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="200"/>
        <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true"/>
      </bean>
        <!--
            Enable web consoles, REST and Ajax APIs and demos
            The web consoles requires by default login, you can disable this in the jetty.xml file
     
            Take a look at ${ACTIVEMQ_HOME}/conf/jetty.xml for more details
        -->
        <import resource="jetty.xml"/>
     
    </beans>
    <!-- END SNIPPET: example -->

    重启ActiveMQ打开phpmyadmin发现多了3张表: 

    然后启动生产者(不启动消费者) 

    在Mysql中可以找到这条消息: 

     

    关掉ActiveMQ并重启,模拟宕机。

    然后启动消费者:

     

    然后发现Mysql中已经没有这条消息了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bincoding/p/7658293.html
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