Oracle-创建PDB

创建PDB的方式

• 从PDB$SEED新建PDB
• 克隆已存在的PDB
  • 本地PDB克隆到同一个CDB中
  • 将远程PDB克隆到CDB中
• 将非CDB插入或克隆到CDB中
• 通过插拔的方式创建PDB

sql 命令语法

条件

• CDB必须open并且read write模式
• 连接CDB$ROOT 用户并且具有CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE系统权限

具体实现

从PDB$SEED新建PDB

示例

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb
  ADMIN USER salesadm IDENTIFIED BY password
  ROLES = (dba)
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE sales
    DATAFILE '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/sales01.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON
  FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/pdbseed/',
                       '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/')
  STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
  PATH_PREFIX = '/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/';

参数说明

关键字	描述
ADMIN USER	用于执行管理任务的本地用户
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)	指定了PDB可用的最大空间
DEFAULT TABLESPACE	为PDB指定默认的Tablespace
PATH_PREFIX	用来限制directory objects/Oracle XML/Create pfile/Oracle wallets所在的目录
FILE_NAME_CONVERT	设置子容器和数据文件副本的位置

create pluggable database命令创建PDB2

-- 12.1
create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdb2_admin identified by oracle roles=(connect) file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdbseed','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb2');

-- 12.2
create pluggable database pdb2 admin user pdbadmin identified by "oracle" create_file_dest='+DATA';

打开PDB2

alter pluggable database pdb2 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb2 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;

set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;

克隆已存在的PDB

克隆本地PDB

在12.1版本中在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB必须处于read only状态，在12.2版本中，因为undo local mode新特性的推出，在创建PDB时，SOURCE PDB在read write状态也可以创建。而且，在12.2版本中Oracle推出了refresh PDB特性，具有对SOURCE PDB进行增量同步的功能。

注意事项

• 如果CDB为shared undo，PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
• 如果CDB不是归档模式，那么PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
• 如果是Oracle Database 版本为12.1，那么PDB只能为READ-ONLY状态，因在12.1中undo模式，还只能选择shared undo
• 使用的用户必须拥有 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 的权限

示例

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE newpdb FROM salespdb
  FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/', '/disk1/oracle/dbs/newpdb/')
  PATH_PREFIX = '/disk1/oracle/dbs/newpdb';

检查undo模式

COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A24
COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A16
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';

克隆方式创建PDB

create pluggable database pdb3 from pdb2 file_name_convert=('pdb2','pdb3');

打开PDB3

alter pluggable database pdb3 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb3 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;

set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;

克隆远程PDB或non-CDB

注意事项

• 如果PDB被Clone到的CDB的字符集不是AL32UTF8，那么源与目标字符集必须兼容。
• 源端与目标端的字节顺序必须相同.
• 连接的用户在CDB中必须拥有'CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE'的权限
• 源PDB不可以是关闭状态
• 如果远端CDB为shared undo，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态
• 如果远端CDB不是归档模式，源PDB必须为READ-ONLY状态

准备

查看源端与目标的字符集

col parameter for a30
col value for a30
select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET'
or parameter='NLS_LANGUAGE' or parameter='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';

检查字节序

col platform_name for a32
SELECT d.inst_id, t.platform_id, t.platform_name, t.endian_format, d.name FROM v$transportable_platform t, gv$database d
WHERE t.platform_name = d.platform_name;

检查undo模式

COL PROPERTY_NAME FOR A24
COL PROPERTY_VALUE FOR A16
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';

源库启动只读模式

startup open read only;
select open_mode from v$database;

目标CDB中配置

配置tnsnames.ora文件

cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
cat> tnsnames.ora <<EOF
ORCL =
    (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.181)(PORT = 1533))
        (LOAD_BALANCE = YES)
        (FAILOVER = ON)
        (CONNECT_DATA =
            (SERVER= DEDICATED)
            (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
            (FAILOVER_MODE =
                (TYPE = select)
                (METHOD = basic)
                (RETRIES = 180)
                (DELAY = 5)
            )
        )
    )
EOF

创建dblink

create database link dblink1 connect to sys identified by oracle using 'orcl';

使用的用户必须拥有 CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 的权限

验证dblink连接

select sysdate from dual@dblink1;

克隆方式创建PDB

-- non-CDB
create pluggable database pdb4 from non$cdb@dblink1 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb4');

-- remote pdb
create pluggable database pdb4 from pdb1@dblink1 file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB3/pdb4');

non-CDB转换pdb(可选)

alter session set container=pdb4;
show pdbs
@?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql

打开PDB

alter pluggable database pdb4 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb4 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;

set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;

拔插PDB

拔出PDB

关闭PDB

alter pluggable database pdb1 close immediate instances=all;

拔出PDB

alter pluggable database pdb1 unplug into '/tmp/pdb1.xml';

删除PDB

drop pluggable database pdb1 keep datafiles;

keep datafiles：保留数据文件，不删除数据文件

将拔插的PDB插入CDB

检查兼容性

使用DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY函数检查拔出的pdb1与cdb1是否兼容

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
  compatible CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) :=
    CASE DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY(
      pdb_descr_file => '/tmp/pdb1.xml',
      pdb_name => 'PDB1')
    WHEN TRUE THEN 'YES'
    ELSE 'NO'
END;
BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(compatible);
END;
/

示例

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE salespdb
  USING '/disk1/usr/salespdb.xml'
  SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT =
    ('/disk1/oracle/dbs/salespdb/', '/disk2/oracle/dbs/salespdb/')
  NOCOPY
  STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G)
  TEMPFILE REUSE;

插入CDB1

create pluggable database pdb1 using '/tmp/pdb1.xml' nocopy;

• COPY - Copy the tablespace files to the new location.
• MOVE - Move the tablespace files to the new location.
• NOCOPY - Do not copy or move the tablespace files to the new location.

打开PDB

alter pluggable database pdb1 open instances=all;
alter pluggable database pdb1 save state instances=all;
show pdbs;

set lines 168 pages 99
col name for a16
col open_mode for a16
col restricted for a12
select inst_id, con_id, name, open_mode, restricted from gv$containers;