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  • 003-多线程-JUC线程池-几种特殊的ThreadPoolExecutor【newFixedThreadPool、newCachedThreadPool、newSingleThreadExecutor、newScheduledThreadPool】

    一、概述

      在java doc中,并不提倡我们直接使用ThreadPoolExecutor,而是使用Executors类中提供的几个静态方法来创建线程池:

      以下方法是Executors下的静态方法,Executors中所定义的 Executor、ExecutorService、ScheduledExecutorService、ThreadFactory 和 Callable 类的工厂和实用方法。

      Executors只是一个工厂类,它所有的方法返回的都是ThreadPoolExecutorScheduledThreadPoolExecutor这两个类的实例。一共可以创建四种线程池。

    1.1、基础类

    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    public class TestThread implements Runnable {
        // 线程私有属性,创建线程时创建
        private Integer num = 0;
    
        public TestThread(Integer num) {
            this.num = num;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
            System.out.println("thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",time:" + sdf1.format(new Date()) + ",num:" + num);
            try {
                //使线程睡眠,模拟线程阻塞情况
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("task "+num+"执行完毕");
        }
    }

    0、使用ThreadPoolExecutor 创建使用

        public static void testThreadPoolExecutor() {
            ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 10, 200, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5));
            for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
                TestThread myTask = new TestThread(i);
                executor.execute(myTask);
                System.out.println("线程池中线程数目:" + executor.getPoolSize() + ",队列中等待执行的任务数目:" +
                        executor.getQueue().size() + ",已执行玩别的任务数目:" + executor.getCompletedTaskCount());
            }
            executor.shutdown();
        }

    输出:

    /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=54880:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/lihongxu6/IdeaProjects/java-data-structure-algorithm/data-005-jdkstruct/target/classes:/Users/lihongxu6/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.11/junit-4.11.jar com.github.bjlhx15.datastructure.algorithm.thread.ThreadPoolDemo2
    线程池中线程数目:1,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:2,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:3,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:4,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:1,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:2,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:3,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:4,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:6,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:7,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:8,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:9,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    线程池中线程数目:10,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
    thread:pool-1-thread-6,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:10
    thread:pool-1-thread-2,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:1
    thread:pool-1-thread-7,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:11
    thread:pool-1-thread-5,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:4
    thread:pool-1-thread-9,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:13
    thread:pool-1-thread-8,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:12
    thread:pool-1-thread-4,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:3
    thread:pool-1-thread-10,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:14
    thread:pool-1-thread-1,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:0
    thread:pool-1-thread-3,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:2
    task 11执行完毕
    task 14执行完毕
    task 12执行完毕
    task 0执行完毕
    task 2执行完毕
    task 3执行完毕
    task 13执行完毕
    task 1执行完毕
    task 10执行完毕
    task 4执行完毕
    thread:pool-1-thread-3,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:9
    thread:pool-1-thread-1,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:8
    thread:pool-1-thread-10,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:7
    thread:pool-1-thread-8,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:6
    thread:pool-1-thread-7,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:5
    task 8执行完毕
    task 5执行完毕
    task 7执行完毕
    task 9执行完毕
    task 6执行完毕
    
    Process finished with exit code 0
    View Code

    1.2、线程池的submit和execute方法区别

    1、接收的参数不一样

    2、submit有返回值,而execute没有

    3、submit方便Exception处理
    意思就是如果你在你的task里会抛出checked或者unchecked exception,
    而你又希望外面的调用者能够感知这些exception并做出及时的处理,那么就需要用到submit,通过捕获Future.get抛出的异常。

    1.3、用法统一说明

    理解:001-多线程-基础-进程线程、线程状态、优先级、用户线程和守护线程

      java中线程分为两种类型:用户线程和守护线程。通过Thread.setDaemon(false)设置为用户线程;通过Thread.setDaemon(true)设置为守护线程。如果不设置此属性,默认为用户线程
      用户线程和守护线程的区别:【用户线程存活程序存活,其他则结束

    故创建后会等待结果

    注意点一、单元测试,如果不加Thread.sleep(3000)会直接退出,或者没有Future get 也会直接退出

      用户线程为什么直接退出?

      单元测试核心类:TestRunner

    public class TestRunner extends BaseTestRunner {
        private ResultPrinter fPrinter;
        public static final int SUCCESS_EXIT = 0;
        public static final int FAILURE_EXIT = 1;
        public static final int EXCEPTION_EXIT = 2;
        //……
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TestRunner aTestRunner = new TestRunner();
            try {
                TestResult r = aTestRunner.start(args);
                if (!r.wasSuccessful()) {
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                System.exit(0);
            } catch (Exception var3) {
                System.err.println(var3.getMessage());
                System.exit(2);
            }
        }

      查看TestResult

        /**
         * Returns whether the entire test was successful or not.
         * 返回整个测试是否成功。
         */
        public synchronized boolean wasSuccessful() {
            return failureCount() == 0 && errorCount() == 0;
        }

      可以看到:当aTestRunner调用start方法后不会去等待子线程执行完毕在关闭主线程,而是直接调用TestResult.wasSuccessful()方法,而这个方法始终返回的是false,所以主线程接下来就会执行System.exit,这个放回会结束当前运行的jvm虚拟机,所以使用junit测试多线程方法的结果异常就正常了;

      想要正常输出的话可以让主线程不要结束,等待子线程全部运行结束后在结束主线程,输出结果就会正常。

      使用:1、Thread.sleep(2000);或者 2、future.get()阻塞 或者 3、直接使用main方法测试

    注意点二、方法内调用多线程方法,方法结束,多线程不结束

    web中Controller请求

        //容器主线程持续运行,程序会立即返回,然后后台默默执行开启的线程
        @RequestMapping(value = "/poolSubmit", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object poolSubmit() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                fixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                        System.out.println(new Date());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
            fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
            return "ok";
        }

      上述可能拿不到结果,如果需要结果,推荐使用submit带返回Future的get阻塞方式,如下

        //容器主线程 持续运行,程序阻塞
        @RequestMapping(value = "/poolSubmitGet", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        @ResponseBody
        public Object poolSubmitGet() {
            List<Future<String>> futureList = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
                Future<String> submit = fixedThreadPool.submit(() -> {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("======-----------------------------" + new Date());
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    return "ok:" + new Date();
                });
                futureList.add(submit);
            }
    
            for (Future<String> future : futureList) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(future.get() + "ok");
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return "ok";
        }
    View Code

      相当于:便于理解web请求

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.println(getTest());
            //程序立即打印 Ok
            //同时 都是用户线程 会等方法中的全部线程执行完毕后退出
        }
        public static String getTest(){
            ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                fixedThreadPool.submit(()->{
                    try {
    
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                        System.out.println(new Date()+":"+Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                +";守护线程:"+Thread.currentThread().isDaemon());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
            fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
            return "ok";
        }

     二、内置工具类库

    2.1、newFixedThreadPool  //创建固定容量大小的缓冲池

    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {  
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,  
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,  
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());  
    } 
      newFixedThreadPool返回一个包含指定数目【固定大小】线程的线程池ThreadPool,如果任务数量多于线程数目,那么没有没有执行的任务必须等待,直到有任务完成为止。
      newFixedThreadPool创建的线程池corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize值是相等的,它使用的LinkedBlockingQueue;
      示例:
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                fixedThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
            }
            fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
        } 

    2、newCachedThreadPool //创建一个缓冲池,缓冲池容量大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE,空闲60s销毁

    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {  
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,  
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,  
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());  
    }   

      newCachedThreadPool比较适合没有固定大小并且比较快速就能完成的小任务,没必要维持一个Pool,这比直接new Thread来处理的好处是能在60秒内重用已创建的线程。
      其他类型的ThreadPool看看构建参数再结合上面所说的特性就大致知道它的特性。该线程池不会对线程数目加以限制,完全依赖于JVM能创建线程的数量,可能引起内存不足。

      newCachedThreadPool将corePoolSize设置为0,将maximumPoolSize设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE,使用的SynchronousQueue,也就是说来了任务就创建线程运行,当线程空闲超过60秒,就销毁线程。

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                cachedThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
            }
            cachedThreadPool.shutdown();
        }

    3、newSingleThreadExecutor //创建容量为1的缓冲池

        public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
            return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
        }

      newSingleThreadExecutor返回以个包含单线程的Executor,将多个任务交给此Exector时,这个线程处理完一个任务后接着处理下一个任务,若该线程出现异常,将会有一个新的线程来替代。它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

      newSingleThreadExecutor将corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize都设置为1,也使用的LinkedBlockingQueue;

      从它们的具体实现来看,它们实际上也是调用了ThreadPoolExecutor,只不过参数都已配置好了。

      实际中,如果Executors提供的三个静态方法能满足要求,就尽量使用它提供的三个方法,因为自己去手动配置ThreadPoolExecutor的参数有点麻烦,要根据实际任务的类型和数量来进行配置。

      另外,如果ThreadPoolExecutor达不到要求,可以自己继承ThreadPoolExecutor类进行重写。

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                singleThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
            }
            singleThreadPool.shutdown();
        }

    4、newScheduledThreadPool

    可调度线程池

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
            //定时
    //        scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
    //            @Override
    //            public void run() {
    //                SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    //                System.out.println("thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",time:" + sdf1.format(new Date()));
    //            }
    //        }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
            //循环周期执行
            scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
                }
            }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bjlhx/p/11053077.html
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