centos6.5下编译安装单实例MySQL5.1

MySQL5.1版本安装3步曲：

1)   ./config 指定编译安装参数
2)   make
3)   make install

查看系统版本号

[root@meinv01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
[root@meinv01 ~]# uname -m
[root@meinv01 ~]# uname -r

解压MySQL包

[root@meinv01 tools]# tar xf mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz

建立MySQL账户

[root@meinv01 tools]# groupadd -g 49 mysql
[root@meinv01 tools]# useradd mysql -u 49 -g 49 -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@meinv01 tools]# id mysql
uid=49(mysql) gid=49(mysql) groups=49(mysql)

安装依赖包

[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

编译安装MySQL5.1

[root@meinv01 tools]# cd mysql-5.1.72
[root@meinv01 tools]# ./configure 
--prefix=/application/mysql5.1.72 
--with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql5.1.72/tmp/mysql.sock 
--localstatedir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data 
--enable-assembler 
--enable-thread-safe-client 
--with-mysql-user=mysql 
--with-big-tables 
--without-debug 
--with-pthread 
--enable-assembler 
--with-extra-charsets=complex 
--with-readline 
--with-ssl 
--with-embedded-server 
--enable-local-infile 
--with-plugins=partition,innobase 
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static 
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static 
[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# echo $?
0
[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# make && make install

创建软链接和添加hosts解析

[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# ln -s /application/mysql5.1.72/ /application/mysql
[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 23 13:15 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql5.1.72/
[root@meinv01 support-files]# vi /etc/hosts          #添加本机主机名至hosts中

创建存放MySQL数据库的目录并授权

[root@meinv01 support-files]# mkdir /application/mysql/data -p            #授权MySQL管理目录权限
[root@meinv01 support-files]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/       #创建MySQL初始化的文件
[root@meinv01 support-files]# chmod 1777 /tmp

初始化MySQL数据库

[root@meinv01 support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf     #实验环境选择小的配置文件
[root@meinv01 support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql  

添加PATH环境变量

[root@meinv01 support-files]# echo "PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"" >>/etc/profile
[root@meinv01 support-files]# tail -1 /etc/profile
PATH=/application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@meinv01 support-files]# . /etc/profile           #立刻生效

添加MySQL至开机自启动

[root@meinv01 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  #直接拷贝到/etc/init.d/
[root@meinv01 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@meinv01 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld               #添加到chkconfig开机自启动
[root@meinv01 support-files]# chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on            #开机自启动
[root@meinv01 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld                      #如果此步没有出现以下参数，就要先授权x权限
Usage: /etc/init.d/mysqld  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]
[root@meinv01 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start                                           #启动MySQL服务
[root@meinv01 support-files]# lsof -i :3306

MySQL数据库2种启动方式

第一种：
[root@meinv01 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start                       #启动MySQL服务
第二种：
[root@meinv01 support-files]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &        #启动MySQL服务
注意：最好不要混合使用，混合使用有可能报错，虽然本质上是一样的启动方法
[root@meinv01 mysql-5.1.72]# ps -ef|grep mysqld  #查看启动相关信息
root      1035     1  0 17:47 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /application/mysql5.1.72/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data --pid-file=/application/mysql5.1.72/data/meinv01.pid
mysql     1147  1035  0 17:47 pts/0    00:00:00 /application/mysql5.1.72/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/application/mysql5.1.72 --datadir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data --user=mysql --log-error=/application/mysql5.1.72/data/meinv01.err --pid-file=/application/mysql5.1.72/data/meinv01.pid --socket=/application/mysql5.1.72/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      1169   951  0 17:52 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld

修改MySQL登录密码

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'       #设置密码的方法