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  • Struts2 前端与后台之间传值问题

    老是被前端与后台之间的传值给弄糊涂了,特此写一篇blog进行总结。

    一. 前端向后台传值

    (1)属性驱动

    属性驱动是指在Action类里,包含表单里对应的字段(字段名称一样),同时设置对应的getter和setter。

    表单代码:html

       1: <form action="login" method="post">
       2:   <label>username:</label>
       3:   <input type="text" name="username">
       4:   <label>password:</label>
       5:   <input type="text" name="username">
       6: </form>

    对应的Action:LoginAction

    java代码:

       1: public LoginAction extends ActionSupport{
       2:     private String username; //对应表单中input属性name=username
       3:     private String password; //对应表单中input属性name=password
       4:  
       5:     /*--  getter and setter --*/
       6:     public void setUsername(String username){
       7:         this.username = username;
       8:     }
       9:     public String getUsername(){
      10:         return this.username;
      11:     }
      12:     public void setPassword(String password){
      13:         this.password = password;
      14:     }
      15:     public String getPassword(){
      16:         return this.password;
      17:     }
      18:     public String execute(){
      19:         return SUCCESS;
      20:     }
      21: }

    在struts.xml中配置Action

       1: <action name="login" class="com.bigdata.action.LoginAction">
       2:     <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
       3: </action>

    在success.jsp页面中使用{username}来访问username属性。

    属性驱动适合于表单域传值较少的情况,如果表单域过多的话,Java代码将会充斥着大量的getter和setter代码。

    (2)对象驱动

    对象驱动是指在Action里包含一个对象,而这个对象的属性与表单域一一对应。

    对应的Action:LoginAction

       1: public LoginAction extends ActionSupport{
       2:     private User user;
       3:  
       4:     /*--  getter and setter --*/
       5:     public void setUser(User user){
       6:         this.user = user;
       7:     }
       8:     public User getUser(){
       9:         return this.user;
      10:     }
      11:     public String execute(){
      12:         return SUCCESS;
      13:     }
      14: }

    对应的user类:

       1: public Class User{
       2:     private String username;
       3:     private String password;
       4:  
       5:     public String getPassword() {
       6:         return password;
       7:     }
       8:     public void setPassword(String password) {
       9:         this.password = password;
      10:     }
      11:  
      12:     public String getUsername(){
      13:         return username;
      14:     }
      15:     public void setUsername(String username){
      16:         this.username = username;
      17:     }
      18: }

    前台html页面代码

       1: <form action="login" method="post">
       2:   <label>username:</label>
       3:   <input type="text" name="user.username">
       4:   <label>password:</label>
       5:   <input type="text" name="user.password">
       6: </form>

    表单域的name由对象名和属性名组成,中间用.连接,Action对象被创建后,通过setter进行赋值。Action result页面则通过${user.username}来访问。

    二. 后台向前端传值

    (1)使用Struts2的标签

    对应Action:

       1: public Class CollectAction extends ActionSupport{
       2:     private String [] arryStr;  
       3:     //遍历list  
       4:     private List<User> list;  
       5:     private Map<String,String> map;  
       6:     private Map<Integer,User> userMap;    
       7:     private Map<String,List<User>> userListMap; 
       8:  
       9:     public void setArryStr(String[] arryStr){
      10:         this.arryStr = arryStr;
      11:     }
      12:     public String[] getArryStr(){
      13:         return arryStr;
      14:     }
      15:  
      16:     //省略其他的getter与setter
      17:     public String execute(){
      18:  
      19:         arryStr[] = new String[]{"wbl","sdfsdf","gfg"};
      20:  
      21:         list.add(new User("wbl","123"));
      22:         list.add(new User("avd","ggg"));
      23:         list.add(new User("eee","iii"));
      24:  
      25:         map.put("key1","value1");
      26:         map.put("key2","value2");
      27:         map.put("key3","value3");
      28:  
      29:         userMap.put(1,new User("wbl","123"));
      30:         userMap.put(2,new User("avd","ggg"));
      31:  
      32:         userListMap.put("user",list);
      33:     }
      34: }

    Action对应的JSP页面:

       1: <div id="arryStr">
       2:     <!-- iterator遍历String 字符数组 -->
       3:     <s:iterator value="arryStr" id="arryValue">
       4:         <span><s:property value="arryValue" /></span>
       5:     </s:iterator>
       6:   </div>
       7:  
       8:   <div id="list">
       9:     <!-- iterator遍历List集合 -->
      10:     <table>
      11:       <s:iterator value="list" id="user">
      12:         <tr>
      13:           <td><s:property value="username" /></td>
      14:           <td><s:property value="password" /></td>
      15:         </tr>
      16:       </s:iterator>
      17:     </table>
      18:   </div>
      19:  
      20:   <div id="map">
      21:     <!-- iterator遍历Map中的String字符串 -->
      22:     <s:iterator value="map" id="column">
      23:       <tr>
      24:         <td>Key:<s:property value="key" /></td>
      25:         <td>Value:<s:property value="value" /></td>
      26:       </tr>
      27:     </s:iterator>
      28:   </div>
      29:  
      30:   <div id="userMap">
      31:     <!-- iterator遍历Map中的User 对象(Object) -->
      32:     <s:iterator value="userMap" id="column">  
      33:         <tr>  
      34:             <td><s:property value="value.username"/></td>  
      35:             <td><s:property value="value.password"/></td>  
      36:         </tr>  
      37:       </s:iterator> 
      38:   </div>
      39:   
      40:   <div id="userlistMap">
      41:     <!-- iterator遍历Map中的List集合 -->
      42:     <s:iterator value="userListMap" id="column">  
      43:       <s:set var="total" name="total" value="#column.value.size"/>  
      44:         <s:iterator value="#column.value" id="col" status="st">  
      45:           <tr>  
      46:               <td><s:property value="username"/></td>  
      47:               <td><s:property value="password"/></td>  
      48:           </tr>  
      49:       </s:iterator>  
      50:     </s:iterator>  
      51:   </div>

    (2)AJAX

    ajax方式可以实现异步更新数据,这里我采用json格式传输数据。

    首先,建立一个action:

       1: public class ajaxAction extends ActionSupport{
       2:     private JSONObject dataObj; //向前台传递的JSON数据
       3:  
       4:     public JSONObject getDataObj() {
       5:         return dataObj;
       6:     }
       7:  
       8:     public void setDataObj(JSONObject dataObj) {
       9:         this.dataObj = dataObj;
      10:     }
      11:  
      12:     public String execute(){
      13:         dataObj = new JSONObject();
      14:         dataObj.put("key","value");
      15:         dataObj.put("result","SUCCESS");
      16:         return SUCCESS;
      17:     }
      18: }

    struts.xml中action的配置

       1: <action name="ajax"  class="com.bigdata.action.ajaxAction">
       2:     <result type="json">
       3:          <param name="root">dataObj</param>
       4:          <param name="callbackParameter">jsoncallback</param>
       5:     </result>
       6: </action>

    如果为某个action指定了一个类型为json的Result,则该Result无须映射到任何视图资源,因为json插件会负责将Action里的状态信息序列化成JSON格式的字符串,并将该字符串返回给客户端浏览器。

    json类型的Result允许指定的参数

    root:设置该参数将不再把整个Action对象序列化成JSON字符串,而只是将该参数所指定的Action的属性序列化成JSON字符串返给客户端,本例中将会把dataObj进行序列化。

    callbackParameter: 配置该参数之后,才能进行JSON的跨域传输。

    前端利用jQuery完成AJAX交互

       1: <div id="ajaxTest">
       2:       <input type="button" value="test" id="show">
       3:   </div>
       4: </body>
       5: <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
       1:  
       2: <script>
       3:   $(function(){
       4:       $("show").click(function(){
       5:           $.getJSON(
       6:             /*访问Action的URL地址*/
       7:             "http://localhost:8080/bigData/ajax?jsoncallback=?",
       8:             /*得到服务器响应之后的操作*/
       9:             function(respose){
      10:                 if(respose.result == "SUCCESS")
      11:                     $("#ajaxTest").append("<span>SUCCESS</span>");
      12:             })
      13:       })
      14:   })
    </script>
       6: </html>

    function中的参数response对应Action中的dataObj,此时就可以获得由后端传入的值。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bloodhunter/p/4584321.html
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