1.1 WebService设计
1.1.1 传输基本参数
1.1.2 传输数据集合
（1） 数组
（2） DataSet
1.2 WebService异常处理
1.3 WebService性能
1.4 WebService认证
请参考WebService认证学习报告
1.4.1 各种认证方式
1.4.1.1 Windows认证
（１） 配置IIS中WebService文件的权限为集成Windows认证
（２） 设置Web.Config
<authentication mode= "Windows">
</authentication>
1.4.2 跟踪用户访问
1.5 WebService调用
1.5.1 Windows认证
（１） NT认证使用时，Credentials必须指定System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials
当设置为default时,客户端根据服务端配置决定采用NTLM认证还是其他的安全认证
（２） 实例化WebService对象
（３） 添加WebService认证信息
（４） 调用WebService方法
LocalTest.GIISService localTest = new LocalTest.GIISService();
CredentialCache credentialCache = new CredentialCache();
NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("XuJian", "password", "Snda");
credentialCache.Add(new Uri("http://localhost/GIIS/ GIISService.asmx"),
"Basic", credentials);
localTest.Credentials = credentialCache;
string tt = localTest.Hello("ssssssss");
1.6 GIIS中WebService认证实现
该部分为本次GIIS中实现的认证方式，考虑到相关配置、维护性，不涉及其他认证方式的处理
1.6.1 实现方式
SOAP Header + DES加解密 + Windows认证
1.6.2 实现原理
（１） SOAP Header
SOAP包括四个部分： SOAP封装(envelop)，定义描述消息
SOAP编码规则
SOAP RPC调用和应答协定
SOAP绑定，底层协议交换信息
其中envelop由一个或多个Header和一个Body组成，Header元素的每一个子元素称为一个SOAP Header
（２） DES对称加解密
通过Client端传输过来的已加密编码，在客户端进行解码分析，实现认证，认证的user信息来自于GIIS的系统登录用户列表
对编码和解码的字节类型存储在Web.Config文件中，要保持一致并对称，且字符长度需设为8位
（３） 集成Windows认证
作为域用户可以通过该方式来调用、处理WebService，但非域用户看通过我们自定义的SOAP Header方式来验证
1.6.3 实现步骤（SOAP）
（１） 设置.asmx文件的访问权限为“集成Windows认证”，不允许匿名访问
（２） 创建WebService认证类CredentialSoapHeader.cs，继承SoapHeader
*调用者的信息从系统维护的WscUser表中获取
| namespace XXX.WebService { public class CredentialSoapHeader : System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHeader { #region -- Private Attribute -- private string m_UserID = string.Empty; private string m_Password = string.Empty; #endregion
#region -- Private Attribute -- /// <summary> /// user id /// </summary> public string UserID { get { return m_UserID; } set { m_UserID = value; } }
/// <summary> /// user password /// </summary> public string PassWord { get { return m_Password; } set { m_Password = value; } } #endregion
/// <summary> /// initial user id and papssword /// </summary> /// <param name="userID">user id</param> /// <param name="password">user password</param> public void Initial(string userID, string password) { UserID = userID; PassWord = password; }
/// <summary> /// check user when use web service /// </summary> /// <param name="userID">user id</param> /// <param name="password">user password</param> /// <param name="message">return message</param> /// <returns></returns> public bool IsValid(string userID, string password, out string message) { message = ""; try { string userName = Encrypt.DecryptClient(userID); string userPassword = Encrypt.DecryptClient(password); Entity.GiWscuser userAuthority = new Entity.GiWscuser(); userAuthority.QueryMode = true; userAuthority.Active += true; userAuthority.Account += userName.Trim(); userAuthority.Password += userPassword.Trim(); DataTable dtblUser = userAuthority.Query( new String[] {userAuthority.Account, userAuthority.Password }, false, -1).Tables[0]; if (dtblUser.Rows.Count > 0) { return true; } else { message = "sorry, you have no access authority for current web service"; return false; } } catch(Exception ex) { message = "sorry, you have no access authority for current web service " + ex.Message; return false; } }
/// <summary> /// check user authority /// </summary> /// <param name="message">message tip</param> /// <returns></returns> public bool IsValid(out string message) { return IsValid(m_UserID, m_Password, out message); } } } |
（３） 创建DES加解密类，实现明文编码与解码
| public class Encrypt { private static string ms_Key = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["EncryptKey"]; private static string ms_IV = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["EncryptIV"];
/// <summary> /// Encrypt a string /// </summary> /// <param name="ecryptString">string needs to be encrypted</param> /// <returns>the encrypted string</returns> public static string EncryptClient(string ecryptString) { if(ecryptString != "") { DESCryptoServiceProvider cryptoProvider = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); cryptoProvider.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ms_Key); cryptoProvider.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ms_IV); MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(); CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, cryptoProvider.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(cryptoStream); streamWriter.Write(ecryptString); streamWriter.Flush(); cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock(); memoryStream.Flush(); return Convert.ToBase64String(memoryStream.GetBuffer(),0,Int32.Parse(memoryStream.Length.ToString())); } else { return ""; } }
/// <summary> /// Decrypt a string /// </summary> /// <param name="decryptString">string needs to be decrypted</param> /// <returns>the decrypted string</returns> public static string DecryptClient(string decryptString) { if(decryptString != "") { DESCryptoServiceProvider cryptoProvider = new DESCryptoServiceProvider(); cryptoProvider.Key = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ms_Key); cryptoProvider.IV = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ms_IV); Byte[] buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(decryptString); MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(buffer); CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, cryptoProvider.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(cryptoStream); return streamReader.ReadToEnd(); } else { return ""; } } |
（４） 在CredentialSoapHeader类中实现用户认证信息的解码与合法性检查，给出异常时的提示信息
见CredentialSoapHeade的代码
（５） 在目标Service类中实例化CredentialSoapHeader对象，并指定该对象为WebService方法的修饰
| Namespace WebServiceAuthority { [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] public class GIISService : System.Web.Services.WebService { public CredentialSoapHeader myHeader = new CredentialSoapHeader(); /// <summary> /// get web service information by authority user /// </summary> /// <param name="contents">customize content</param> /// <returns></returns> [SoapHeader("myHeader")] [WebMethod(Description = "authority set for Web Service", EnableSession = true)] public string HelloWorld(string contents) { string message = ""; if (!myHeader.IsValid(out message)) return message; return "Hello World:" + contents; } } } |
1.6.4 Client端调用方法（SOAP）
（１） 添加WebService引用
URL地址为对应的GIIS WebService地址，引用的别名自定义
（２） 实例化一个WebService的类对象
LocalService.GIISService localTest = new LocalService.GIISService();
（３） 设置Credentials方式
localTest.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
（４） 传递编码后的密文
（５） 调用WebService提供的方法
（６） 实现代码如下：
| LocalService.GIISService localTest = new LocalService.GIISService(); localTest.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;//default credetials LocalService.CredentialSoapHeader header = new LocalService.CredentialSoapHeader();//Create SOAP header header.UserID = userName;//Set SOAP header user name information header.PassWord = userPassword;//Set SOAP header user password information localTest.CredentialSoapHeaderValue = header; this.Label1.Text = localTest.HelloWorld("ss"); |
至此已实现GIIS中的WebService验证，如单独采用Windows认证请参见下面的说明