实验六 接口的定义与使用
实验时间 2018-10-18
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握接口定义方法；
(2) 掌握实现接口类的定义要求；
(3) 掌握实现了接口类的使用要求；
(4) 掌握程序回调设计模式；
(5) 掌握Comparator接口用法；
(6) 掌握对象浅层拷贝与深层拷贝方法；
(7) 掌握Lambda表达式语法；
(8) 了解内部类的用途及语法要求。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第6章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 编辑、编译、调试运行阅读教材214页-215页程序6-1、6-2，理解程序并分析程序运行结果；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 掌握接口的实现用法；
l 掌握内置接口Compareable的用法。
实验代码:
package interfaces;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program demonstrates the use of the Comparable interface.
* @version 1.30 2004-02-27
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EmployeeSortTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
staff[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 35000);
staff[1] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000);
staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 38000);
Arrays.sort(staff);//对数组元素排序
// 打印所有员工对象的信息
for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
}
}
package interfaces;
//Employee实现内置接口Comparable
public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee>
{
private String name;
private double salary;
public Employee(String name, double salary)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
/**
* Compares employees by salary
* @param other another Employee object
* @return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than
* otherObject, 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise
*/
//进行比较必须实现这个方法
public int compareTo(Employee other)
{
return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);
}
}
实验结果：
测试程序2：
l 编辑、编译、调试以下程序，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
1 interface A 2 { 3 double g=9.8; 4 void show( ); 5 } 6 class C implements A 7 { 8 public void show( ) 9 {System.out.println("g="+g);} 10 } 11 12 class InterfaceTest 13 { 14 public static void main(String[ ] args) 15 { 16 A a=new C( ); 17 a.show( ); 18 System.out.println("g="+C.g); 19 } 20 }
1 package e; 2 3 public class InterfaceTest 4 { 5 public static void main(String[ ] args) 6 { 7 A a=new C( );//定义一个类C的实例并赋给接口A的对象变量 8 a.show( ); 9 System.out.println("g="+C.g);//直接调用类的属性 10 } 11 }
1 package e; 2 3 public interface A 4 { 5 double g=9.8; 6 void show( ); 7 }
package e; public class C implements A { public void show( ) {System.out.println("g="+g);} }
实验结果：
测试程序3：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材223页6-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 26行、36行代码参阅224页，详细内容涉及教材12章。
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 掌握回调程序设计模式；
实验代码：
1 package timer; 2 3 /** 4 @version 1.01 2015-05-12 5 @author Cay Horstmann 6 */ 7 8 import java.awt.*; 9 import java.awt.event.*; 10 import java.util.*; 11 import javax.swing.*; 12 import javax.swing.Timer; 13 // 用JavaUTIL计时器解决冲突 14 15 public class TimerTest 16 { 17 public static void main(String[] args) 18 { 19 ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter(); 20 21 // 构建一个调用侦听器的计时器 22 //每10秒一次 23 Timer t = new Timer(10000, listener); 24 t.start(); 25 26 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); 27 System.exit(0); 28 } 29 } 30 31 class TimePrinter implements ActionListener 32 { 33 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 34 { 35 System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); 36 Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); 37 } 38 }
实验结果：
测试程序4：
l 调试运行教材229页-231页程序6-4、6-5，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 掌握对象克隆实现技术；
l 掌握浅拷贝和深拷贝的差别。
1 package clone; 2 3 /** 4 * This program demonstrates cloning. 5 * @version 1.10 2002-07-01 6 * @author Cay Horstmann 7 */ 8 public class CloneTest 9 { 10 public static void main(String[] args) 11 { 12 //try...catch...语句，try代码区如果有错误，就会返回所写异常的处理。 13 //提高程序的健壮性 14 try 15 { 16 Employee original = new Employee("John Q. Public", 50000); 17 original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1); 18 Employee copy = original.clone(); 19 copy.raiseSalary(10); 20 copy.setHireDay(2002, 12, 31); 21 System.out.println("original=" + original); 22 System.out.println("copy=" + copy); 23 } 24 catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) 25 { 26 e.printStackTrace(); 27 } 28 } 29 }
1 package clone; 2 3 import java.util.Date; 4 import java.util.GregorianCalendar; 5 6 public class Employee implements Cloneable 7 { 8 private String name; 9 private double salary; 10 private Date hireDay; 11 12 public Employee(String name, double salary) 13 { 14 this.name = name; 15 this.salary = salary; 16 hireDay = new Date(); 17 } 18 19 public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException//无论目标类是否实现了Cloneable接口，只要调用到了Object.clone()，比如通过super.clone()，那么就必须处理或者抛出CloneNotSupportedException，因为Object.clone()有throws这个异常，有抛的就必然有接的。 20 21 { 22 // call Object.clone() 23 Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone(); 24 25 // clone mutable fields 26 cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone(); 27 28 return cloned; 29 } 30 31 /** 32 * Set the hire day to a given date. 33 * @param year the year of the hire day 34 * @param month the month of the hire day 35 * @param day the day of the hire day 36 */ 37 public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day) 38 { 39 Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime(); 40 41 // 实例字段突变示例 42 hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime()); 43 } 44 45 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) 46 { 47 double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; 48 salary += raise; 49 } 50 51 public String toString() 52 { 53 return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; 54 } 55 }
实验结果：
实验2： 导入第6章示例程序6-6，学习Lambda表达式用法。
l 调试运行教材233页-234页程序6-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释。
l 将27-29行代码与教材223页程序对比，将27-29行代码与此程序对比，体会Lambda表达式的优点。
1 package lambda; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 5 import javax.swing.*; 6 import javax.swing.Timer; 7 8 /** 9 * This program demonstrates the use of lambda expressions. 10 * @version 1.0 2015-05-12 11 * @author Cay Horstmann 12 */ 13 public class LambdaTest 14 { 15 public static void main(String[] args) 16 { 17 String[] planets = new String[] { "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", 18 "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" }; 19 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); 20 System.out.println("Sorted in dictionary order:"); 21 Arrays.sort(planets); 22 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); 23 System.out.println("Sorted by length:"); 24 Arrays.sort(planets, (first, second) -> first.length() - second.length()); 25 System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); 26 //Lambda表达式 27 Timer t = new Timer(1000, event -> 28 System.out.println("The time is " + new Date())); 29 t.start(); 30 31 // 保持程序运行直到用户选择“OK” 32 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); 33 System.exit(0); 34 } 35 }
实验结果：
注：以下实验课后完成
实验3: 编程练习
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
l 查询最小年龄人员信息；
l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡。
package test1; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class Main{ private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; public static void main(String[] args) { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("F:\身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province =linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误"); e.printStackTrace(); } boolean isTrue = true; while (isTrue) { System.out.println("选择你的操作，输入正确格式的选项"); System.out.println("A.按姓名字典排序"); System.out.println("B.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人"); System.out.println("C.寻找老乡"); System.out.println("D.寻找年龄相近的人"); System.out.println("F.退出"); String m = scanner.next(); switch (m) { case "A": Collections.sort(studentlist); System.out.println(studentlist.toString()); break; case "B": int max=0,min=100; int j,k1 = 0,k2=0; for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++) { j=studentlist.get(i).getage(); if(j>max) { max=j; k1=i; } if(j<min) { min=j; k2=i; } } System.out.println("年龄最大："+studentlist.get(k1)); System.out.println("年龄最小："+studentlist.get(k2)); break; case "C": System.out.println("老家?"); String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3); for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) { if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println("老乡"+studentlist.get(i)); } break; case "D": System.out.println("年龄："); int yourage = scanner.nextInt(); int near=agenear(yourage); int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage(); System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near)); break; case "F": isTrue = false; System.out.println("退出程序!"); break; default: System.out.println("输入有误"); } } } public static int agenear(int age) { int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age; if(value<0) value=-value; if (value<min) { min=value; k=i; } } return k; } }
package test1; public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+" "+sex+" "+age+" "+number+" "+province+" "; } }
实验结果：
实验4：内部类语法验证实验
实验程序1：
l 编辑、调试运行教材246页-247页程序6-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解内部类的基本用法。
1 package innerClass; 2 3 import java.awt.*; 4 import java.awt.event.*; 5 import java.util.*; 6 import javax.swing.*; 7 import javax.swing.Timer; 8 9 /** 10 * This program demonstrates the use of inner classes. 11 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 12 * @author Cay Horstmann 13 */ 14 public class InnerClassTest 15 { 16 public static void main(String[] args) 17 { 18 TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(1000, true); 19 clock.start(); 20 21 // keep program running until user selects "Ok" 22 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); 23 System.exit(0); 24 } 25 } 26 27 /** 28 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. 29 */ 30 class TalkingClock 31 { 32 private int interval; 33 private boolean beep; 34 35 /** 36 * Constructs a talking clock 37 * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) 38 * @param beep true if the clock should beep 39 */ 40 public TalkingClock(int interval, boolean beep) 41 { 42 this.interval = interval; 43 this.beep = beep; 44 } 45 46 /** 47 * Starts the clock. 48 */ 49 public void start() 50 { 51 ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter(); 52 Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); 53 t.start(); 54 } 55 56 public class TimePrinter implements ActionListener 57 { 58 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 59 { 60 System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); 61 if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); 62 } 63 } 64 }
实验结果：
实验程序2：
l 编辑、调试运行教材254页程序6-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解匿名内部类的用法。
1 package anonymousInnerClass; 2 3 import java.awt.*; 4 import java.awt.event.*; 5 import java.util.*; 6 import javax.swing.*; 7 import javax.swing.Timer; 8 9 /** 10 * This program demonstrates anonymous inner classes. 11 * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 12 * @author Cay Horstmann 13 */ 14 public class AnonymousInnerClassTest 15 { 16 public static void main(String[] args) 17 { 18 TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(); 19 clock.start(1000, true); 20 21 // keep program running until user selects "Ok" 22 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); 23 System.exit(0); 24 } 25 } 26 27 /** 28 * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. 29 */ 30 class TalkingClock 31 { 32 /** 33 * Starts the clock. 34 * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) 35 * @param beep true if the clock should beep 36 */ 37 public void start(int interval, boolean beep) 38 { 39 ActionListener listener = new ActionListener() 40 { 41 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 42 { 43 System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); 44 if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); 45 } 46 }; 47 Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); 48 t.start(); 49 } 50 }
实验程序3：
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材257页-258页程序6-9，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解静态内部类的用法。
1 package staticInnerClass; 2 3 /** 4 * This program demonstrates the use of static inner classes. 5 * @version 1.02 2015-05-12 6 * @author Cay Horstmann 7 */ 8 public class StaticInnerClassTest 9 { 10 public static void main(String[] args) 11 { 12 double[] d = new double[20]; 13 for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) 14 d[i] = 100 * Math.random(); 15 ArrayAlg.Pair p = ArrayAlg.minmax(d); 16 System.out.println("min = " + p.getFirst()); 17 System.out.println("max = " + p.getSecond()); 18 } 19 } 20 21 class ArrayAlg 22 { 23 /** 24 * A pair of floating-point numbers 25 */ 26 public static class Pair 27 { 28 private double first; 29 private double second; 30 31 /** 32 * Constructs a pair from two floating-point numbers 33 * @param f the first number 34 * @param s the second number 35 */ 36 public Pair(double f, double s) 37 { 38 first = f; 39 second = s; 40 } 41 42 /** 43 * Returns the first number of the pair 44 * @return the first number 45 */ 46 public double getFirst() 47 { 48 return first; 49 } 50 51 /** 52 * Returns the second number of the pair 53 * @return the second number 54 */ 55 public double getSecond() 56 { 57 return second; 58 } 59 } 60 61 /** 62 * Computes both the minimum and the maximum of an array 63 * @param values an array of floating-point numbers 64 * @return a pair whose first element is the minimum and whose second element 65 * is the maximum 66 */ 67 public static Pair minmax(double[] values) 68 { 69 double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; 70 double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; 71 for (double v : values) 72 { 73 if (min > v) min = v; 74 if (max < v) max = v; 75 } 76 return new Pair(min, max); 77 } 78 }
实验总结：
通过这次试验，理解了接口和抽象类的区别，掌握了回调，对象克隆的概念。知道了浅层拷贝和深层拷贝的区别。还需要继续学习Lambda表达式，这个知识点没有掌握。