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  • Spring4 MVC表单验证

    在这篇文章中,我们将学习如何使用Spring表单标签, 表单验证使用 JSR303 的验证注解,hibernate-validators,提供了使用MessageSource和访问静态资源(如CSS,JavaScript,图片)国际化支持我们的视图,使用ResourceHandlerRegistry,全部采用基于注解的配置。

    我们将创建一个包含一个学生注册表格的简单应用,用户输入表单提交验证通过 JSR303 的验证注释验证,通过覆盖属性文件可使用国际验证消息的默认消息,还访问静态资源(如应用引导CSS到网页中)。

    请注意,JSR303是一种规范,hibernate-validator是我们在这篇文章中使用的一种实现,它也提供了几个不包含在规范中自己的验证注释。

    使用以下技术:

    • Spring 4.0.6.RELEASE
    • validation-api 1.1.0.Final
    • hibernate-validator 5.1.2.Final
    • Bootstrap v3.1.0
    • Maven 3
    • JDK 1.6
    • Tomcat 7.0.54
    • Eclipse JUNO Service Release 2

    我们现在开始!

    第1步:创建目录结构
    以下将是最终的项目结构(这里需要先创建一个Maven工程为:Spring4MVCFormValidationExample):
    现在让我们在每个细节上述结构中提到的内容来做一点解释。
    第2步:更新pom.xml,包括所需的依赖关系
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
    	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<groupId>com.yiibai.springmvc</groupId>
    	<artifactId>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</artifactId>
    	<packaging>war</packaging>
    	<version>1.0.0</version>
    	<name>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</name>
    
    	<properties>
    		<springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    		<hibernate.validator.version>5.1.2.Final</hibernate.validator.version>
    		<javax.validation.version>1.1.0.Final</javax.validation.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<!-- Spring dependencies -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    			<version>${springframework.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    			<version>${springframework.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    			<version>${springframework.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<!-- jsr303 validation dependencies-->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
    			<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
    			<version>${javax.validation.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    			<version>${hibernate.validator.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<!-- Servlet dependencies -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    			<version>3.1.0</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
    			<version>2.3.1</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    		    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    		    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    		    <version>1.2</version>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<build>
    		<pluginManagement>
    			<plugins>
    				<plugin>
    					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    					<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
    					<version>2.4</version>
    					<configuration>
    						<warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory>
    						<warName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</warName>
    						<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    					</configuration>
    				</plugin>
    			</plugins>
    		</pluginManagement>
    		<finalName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</finalName>
    	</build>
    </project>
     

    首先要注意这里是 maven-war-plugin 插件声明。由于我们使用的是全注解配置,我们甚至不包括在 web.xml 中,所以我们需要配置这个插件,以避免Maven构建war包失败。在验证部分 validation-api 代表规范, 而hibernate-validator是本规范的一个实现。hibernate-validator还提供了一些它自己的注解(@Email,@NotEmpty等)不属于规范的一部分。

    伴随着这一点,我们也包括JSP/Servlet/Jstl 的依赖关系,也将需要为使用 servlet API和JSTL视图在我们的代码中。在一般情况下,容器可能已经包含了这些库,从而在pom.xml中我们可以设置范围作为“provided”。

    此外,这里还单独下载了 bootstrap.css ,为了演示在基于注解的配置如何使用资源处理。
    第3步:创建POJO/域对象

    访问的对象将充当一个辅助bean的形式保存用户提供签证申请表提交的数据。我们将注释,以验证属性(使用验证注释)。

    com.yiibai.springmvc.model.Student

    package com.yiibai.springmvc.model;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
    
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
    
    public class Student implements Serializable {
    
    	@Size(min=3, max=30)
    	private String firstName;
    
    	@Size(min=3, max=30)
    	private String lastName;
    
    	@NotEmpty
    	private String sex;
    
    	@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
    	@Past @NotNull
    	private Date dob;
    
    	@Email @NotEmpty
    	private String email;
    
    	@NotEmpty
    	private String section;
    
    	@NotEmpty
    	private String country;
    
    	private boolean firstAttempt;
    
    	@NotEmpty
    	private List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>();
    
    	public String getFirstName() {
    		return firstName;
    	}
    
    	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
    		this.firstName = firstName;
    	}
    
    	public String getLastName() {
    		return lastName;
    	}
    
    	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
    		this.lastName = lastName;
    	}
    
    	public String getSex() {
    		return sex;
    	}
    
    	public void setSex(String sex) {
    		this.sex = sex;
    	}
    
    	public Date getDob() {
    		return dob;
    	}
    
    	public void setDob(Date dob) {
    		this.dob = dob;
    	}
    
    	public String getEmail() {
    		return email;
    	}
    
    	public void setEmail(String email) {
    		this.email = email;
    	}
    
    	public String getSection() {
    		return section;
    	}
    
    	public void setSection(String section) {
    		this.section = section;
    	}
    
    	public String getCountry() {
    		return country;
    	}
    
    	public void setCountry(String country) {
    		this.country = country;
    	}
    
    	public boolean isFirstAttempt() {
    		return firstAttempt;
    	}
    
    	public void setFirstAttempt(boolean firstAttempt) {
    		this.firstAttempt = firstAttempt;
    	}
    
    	public List<String> getSubjects() {
    		return subjects;
    	}
    
    	public void setSubjects(List<String> subjects) {
    		this.subjects = subjects;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		return "Student [firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName
    				+ ", sex=" + sex + ", dob=" + dob + ", email=" + email
    				+ ", section=" + section + ", country=" + country
    				+ ", firstAttempt=" + firstAttempt + ", subjects=" + subjects
    				+ "]";
    	}
    
    }
    

    在上面的代码中:@Size, @Past & @NotNull 是标准的标注,而@NotEmpty&@Emailare是规范的一部分。

    第4步:添加控制器
    控制器加入将有助于处理GET和POST请求。

    com.yiibai.springmvc.controller.HelloWorldController

    package com.yiibai.springmvc.controller;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
    import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    
    import com.websystique.springmvc.model.Student;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public class HelloWorldController {
    
    	/*
    	 * This method will serve as default GET handler.
    	 *
    	 */
    	@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    	public String newRegistration(ModelMap model) {
    		Student student = new Student();
    		model.addAttribute("student", student);
    		return "enroll";
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * This method will be called on form submission, handling POST request
    	 * It also validates the user input
    	 */
    	@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    	public String saveRegistration(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result, ModelMap model){
    
    		if(result.hasErrors()) {
    		        return "enroll";
    		}
    
    		model.addAttribute("success", "Dear "+ student.getFirstName()+" , your Registration completed successfully");
    		return "success";
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Method used to populate the Section list in view.
    	 * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
    	 */
    	@ModelAttribute("sections")
    	public List<String> initializeSections() {
    
    		List<String> sections = new ArrayList<String>();
    		sections.add("Graduate");
    		sections.add("Post Graduate");
    		sections.add("Research");
     		return sections;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Method used to populate the country list in view.
    	 * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
    	 */
    	@ModelAttribute("countries")
    	public List<String> initializeCountries() {
    
    		List<String> countries = new ArrayList<String>();
    		countries.add("USA");
    		countries.add("CHINA");
    		countries.add("FRANCE");
    		countries.add("GERMANY");
    		countries.add("ITALY");
    		countries.add("OTHER");
     		return countries;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Method used to populate the subjects list in view.
    	 * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data.
    	 */
    	@ModelAttribute("subjects")
    	public List<String> initializeSubjects() {
    
    		List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>();
    		subjects.add("Physics");
    		subjects.add("Chemistry");
    		subjects.add("Life Science");
    		subjects.add("Political Science");
    		subjects.add("Computer Science");
    		subjects.add("Mathmatics");
     		return subjects;
    	}
    
    } 

    @Controller表明这个类是一个控制器在处理具有模式映射的@RequestMapping请求。这里使用 ‘/’, 它被作为默认的控制器。方法newRegistration是相当简单的,注解为@ RequestMethod.GET服务默认是GET请求,使用模型对象,以服务为形式的数据,并呈现包含空白表单的网页。

    方法initializeSections, initializeCountries & initializeSubjects是简单地创建请求级别的对象,其值在视图/JSP中将被使用。

    方法saveRegistration 标注有@ RequestMethod.POST,并将处理表单提交POST请求。注意本方法的参数和它们的顺序。

    @Valid要求spring来验证相关的对象(学生)。 BindingResult包含此验证,并可能在此验证过程中发生(产生)任何错误的结果。请注意,BindingResult一定要在之后立即生效对象,否则spring将无法验证并且将一个异常抛出。

    注意,在校验失败后,默认/广义错误消息显示在屏幕上这可能不是所期望的。相反,可以重写此行为提供具体到每个字段中国际化消息。为了做到这一点,我们需要配置 MessageSource 在应用程序配置类,并提供包含我们下一步将配置实际的信息属性文件。

    第5步:添加配置类

    com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration

    package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;
    
    import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yiibai.springmvc")
    public class HelloWorldConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    
    	/*
    	 * Configure View Resolver
    	 */
    	@Bean
    	public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
    		InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
    		viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
    		viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
    		viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    		return viewResolver;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Configure ResourceHandlers to serve static resources like CSS/ Javascript etc...
    	 *
    	 */
    	@Override
    	public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    	    registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("/static/");
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Configure MessageSource to provide internationalized messages
    	 *
    	 */
    
    	@Bean
    	public MessageSource messageSource() {
    	    ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
    	    messageSource.setBasename("messages");
    	    return messageSource;
    	}
    
    } 

    @Configuration指示该类包含注解为@Bean生产Bean管理是由Spring容器的一个或多个 bean 的方法。@EnableWebMvc 等效于 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML文件中。它能够为使用@RequestMapping 向特定的方法传入的请求映射@Controller-annotated类。 @ComponentScan 等效于  context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供具有到哪里查找管理Spring beans/类。

    方法 ViewResolver 配置一个 ViewResolver 用来找出真正的视图。方法 addResourceHandlers 配置 ResourceHandler 静态资源。CSS, JavaScript, images 等都是静态的资源在你的页面里。上面的配置表示,所有的资源请求开始/static/,将从webapps文件夹下提供/static/。在这个例子中,我们把所有的css文件放在 Web应用程序的 /static/css 目录中。注意,此方法在 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 中定义,因此我们需要扩展这个类来注册我们的静态资源覆盖此方法。

    方法为 messageSource 配置消息包,以支持[国际化]消息属性文件。请注意方法 baseName 提供的参数(消息)。Spring 将搜索应用程序类路径中一个名为messages.properties文件。让我们添加的文件:

    src/main/resources/messages.properties

    Size.student.firstName=First Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
    Size.student.lastName=Last Name must be between {2} and {1} characters long
    NotEmpty.student.sex=Please specify your gender
    NotNull.student.dob=Date of birth can not be blank
    Past.student.dob=Date of birth must be in the past
    Email.student.email=Please provide a valid Email address
    NotEmpty.student.email=Email can not be blank
    NotEmpty.student.country=Please select your country
    NotEmpty.student.section=Please select your section
    NotEmpty.student.subjects=Please select at least one subject
    typeMismatch=Invalid format
    
    请注意,上述消息按照特定的模式
    {ValidationAnnotationClass}.{modelObject}.{fieldName} 

    此外,根据具体的注释(如@Size),也可以用传递参数给这些消息:{0},{1},..{i}

    以XML格式上述结构将是
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
     
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" />
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
        <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    
    
        <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
            <property name="basename">
                <value>messages</value>
            </property>
        </bean>
    
    
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix">
                <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
            </property>
            <property name="suffix">
                <value>.jsp</value>
            </property>
        </bean>
     
    </beans>
    
    第6步:添加视图(简单的JSP页面)

    我们将添加两个简单的JSP页面。第一个将包含一个表单,从用户接收输入, 而第二个在当表单输入验证成功时会显示成功消息给用户。

    下面是代码,用于包括静态资源(在我们的例子中使用 bootstrap.css)
    <link href="<c:url value='/static/css/bootstrap.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link> 

    注意静态资源路径。既然我们已经在前面的步骤配置资源处理程序 /static/**, css文件将搜索 /static/文件夹。

    完整的JSP文件如下所示:

    WEB-INF/views/enroll.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
        pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    	<title>Student Enrollment Form</title>
    	<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/bootstrap.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
    	<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
    </head>
    
    <body>
     	<div class="form-container">
     	<h1>Enrollment Form</h1>
    	<form:form method="POST" modelAttribute="student" class="form-horizontal">
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstName">First Name</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:input type="text" path="firstName" id="firstName" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="firstName" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="lastName">Last Name</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:input type="text" path="lastName" id="lastName" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="lastName" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="sex">Sex</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm">
    					<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="M" />Male 
    	    			<form:radiobutton path="sex" value="F" />Female
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="sex" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="dob">Date of birth</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:input type="text" path="dob" id="dob" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="dob" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="email">Email</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:input type="text" path="email" id="email" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="email" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="section">Section</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm">
    					<form:radiobuttons path="section" items="${sections}" />
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="section" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="country">Country</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:select path="country" id="country" class="form-control input-sm">
    				        <form:option value="">Select Country</form:option>
    			    	    <form:options items="${countries}" />
    				    </form:select>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="country" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstAttempt">First Attempt ?</label>
    				<div class="col-md-1">
    					<form:checkbox path="firstAttempt" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="firstAttempt" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    	
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-group col-md-12">
    				<label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="subjects">Subjects</label>
    				<div class="col-md-7">
    					<form:select path="subjects" items="${subjects}" multiple="true" class="form-control input-sm"/>
    					<div class="has-error">
    						<form:errors path="subjects" class="help-inline"/>
    					</div>
    				</div>
    			</div>
    		</div>
    
    		<div class="row">
    			<div class="form-actions floatRight">
    				<input type="submit" value="Register" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">
    			</div>
    		</div>
    	</form:form>
    	</div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    WEB-INF/views/success.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
        pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    	<title>Student Enrollment Detail Confirmation</title>
    	<link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<div class="success">
    		Confirmation message : ${success}
    		<br>
    		We have also sent you a confirmation mail to your email address : ${student.email}.
    	</div>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    第7步:添加初始化器类

    com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldInitializer

    package com.yiibai.springmvc.configuration;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;
    
    import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
    import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
    
    public class HelloWorldInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
    
    	public void onStartup(ServletContext container) throws ServletException {
    
    		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    		ctx.register(HelloWorldConfiguration.class);
    		ctx.setServletContext(container);
    
    		ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = container.addServlet(
    				"dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
    
    		servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    		servlet.addMapping("/");
    	}
    
    } 

    内容上面类似之前教程的 web.xml 文件内容,因为我们使用的是前端控制器的DispatcherServlet,分配映射(URL模式的XML)和而不是提供给Spring配置文件(spring-servlet.xml)的路径,在这里,我们使用注册配置类。

    更新:请注意,上面的类可以写成更加简洁[和这是最佳方法],通过扩展 AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer 基类,如下所示:

    package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
    
    public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    
    	@Override
    	protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
    		return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class };
    	}
     
    	@Override
    	protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
    		return null;
    	}
     
    	@Override
    	protected String[] getServletMappings() {
    		return new String[] { "/" };
    	}
    
    }
    
    第8步:构建和部署应用程序

    有一点要记住,如:WebApplicationInitializer,Spring 基于Java 配置API是依赖Servlet3.0容器的。所以一定要确保你没有使用 Servlet 声明任何在 web.xml 小于3.0。对于我们的情况,我们要从应用程序中删除 web.xml 文件。

    现在构建war 或通过Maven 命令行(mvn clean install)。 部署 war 到Servlet3.0容器。

    运行应用程序,访问URL:http://localhost:8080/Spring4MVCFormValidationExample
    得到的初始页面如下图所示:

    现在,如果你提交,会得到验证错误(在 message.properties 中用户定义的消息)

    现在提供示例输入

    现在提交表单,结果如下:

    到这里,完成!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/borter/p/9519753.html
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